食米中重金屬(鎘、汞、鉛)含量調(diào)查

1、(2 (3,4(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC (Group 1(5 (6 (Itai-Itai disease (1 35%( 1 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 112 3 4 567 8( 98 5 10 ( 77 84 161 ( 0.04 ppm ( 0.37 ppm, 0.002 ppm ( 0.01 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.16 ppm 0.04 ppm ( 0.17 ppm 0.002 ppm ( 0.007 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.16 ppm 0.04 ppm ( 0.37 ppm 0.0

2、01 ppm ( 0.01 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.14 ppm 161 ( 0.4 ppm 0.05 ppm 0.2 ppm. 1 : 12-22 2010Ann. Rept. Food Drug Res. 1 : 12-22 20101213 ( (7 (osteomalacia (proteinuria(6 (7( 1958 1965 (Minamata disease (8 (Food and Drug Administration, FDA (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO (1,6,

3、7IARC (Group 2(5 (9 (delta- aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase, ALAD (10(11 (9(The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ATSDR 20 (2005 (12(13 (14 ( 0.4 ppm 0.05 ppm 0.2 ppm (15 (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programmed, Codex Alimentarius Commission (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake, P

4、TWI(22-24 85 981417 ( 98 77 84 161 ( ( (Z e e m a n G r a p h i t e F u r n a c e A t o m i c A b s o r p t i o n Spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer 4110ZL, U.S.A. (Mercury Atomic Fluorescene Spectrometer Merlin PSA 10.023, PS Analytical, U.K. Retsch ZM 100, Germany Schott SLK2, Germany Type 48000 Progr

5、ammable Furnace, Barnstead/Thermolyne Corporation, U.S.A. (Focused Microwave Digester Prolabo Microdigest 301, France(Pyrex (1/1, v/vMerck (Darmstadt, Germany (1000 mg/ L (1000 mg/L (1000 mg/L Certified Pure Merck SRM 1568a rice flour 1515 apple leaves National Institute of Standards and Technology

6、(NIST, U.S.A. (1000 mg/L 1 mL 0.05 N 100 mL 0.05 N 0.1 0.5 1 2 3 µg/L11 22 44 6606 66 4444 77 77 22 7733 55 55 1010 45 778415 ( (1000 mg/ L1 mL 0.05 N 100 mL 0.05 N 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 µg/L (1000 mg/ L1 mL 0.05 N 100 mL 0.05 N 10 20 30 40 50 µg/L (16 (17 (18SRM 1568a rice flour 5

7、 g SRM 1515 apple leaves 1 g 80 120%SRM 1568a rice flour 0.020 ± 0.002 mg/kg 0.022 ±0.002 mg/kg 90.8 ± 5.5% SRM 1515 apple leaves 0.047 ±0.003 mg/kg 0.044 ± 0.004 mg/kg 106.4 ± 6.7% 0.418 ±0.058mg/kg 0.470 ± 0.024 mg/kg 88.9 ± 1.2% ( 80 120%( 10 (SD 3 SD

8、(upper control limit, UCL 2 SD (upper warning limit, UWL 2 SD (lower warning limit, LWL 3 SD (lower control limit, LCL (-0.30 0.22 ppb ( (12.4% ( (74 107% ( 77 0.04 ppm (mg/kg(mg/kg(%SRM 1568a (Rice flour0.022 0.002*0.020 0.00290.8 5.5 SRM 1515 (Apple leaves0.044 0.0040.047 0.003106.4 6.7 SRM 1515 (

9、Apple leaves0.470 0.0240.418 0.05888.9 1.2 * ±16 0.17 ppm 0.002 ppm ( 0.007 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.16 ppm84 0.04 ppm ( 0.37 ppm 0.001 ppm ( 0.01 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.14 ppm0.01 0.05 ppm 52 37 67.5% 44.0% 0.001 ppm 28 34 36.4% 40.5% 0.01 ppm 31 67 46.8% 36.9% ( 17 161 0.04 ppm ( 0.37 ppm, 0.002 ppm ( 0.01

10、 ppm 0.02 ppm ( 0.16 ppm ( 0.37 ppm 0.01 ppm 0.16 ppm 161 ( 0.4 ppm 0.05 ppm 0.2 ppm(1585 13 (85-89 91-99 (0.002 0.004 ppm 0.02 ppm123456789LCL 4UWL 2UCL 1LWL3(p p b 測 定 值 次數(shù)13 SD (upper control limit, UCL22 SD (upper warning limit, UWL32 SD (lower warning limit, LWL43 SD (lower control limit, LCL12

11、3456789123456789變 異 係 數(shù) (%UCL1UWL 2次數(shù)13 SD (upper control limit, UCL22 SD (upper warning limit, UWL7075808590951001051100123456789回 收 率 (%LCL 4LWL 3UWL 2UCL 1次數(shù)13 SD (upper control limit, UCL22 SD (upper warning limit, UWL32 SD (lower warning limit, LWL43 SD (lower control limit, LCL17 ( (ppm (ppm (

12、ppm* ( * N.D.: 0.002 ppm 0.0005 ppm 0.002 ppm(ppm (ppm (ppm5N.D. 0.0002 (N.D.0.001N.D.* ( * N.D.: 0.002 ppm 0.0005 ppm 0.002 ppm18 (0.02 0.04 ppm 0.29 ppm (0.04 0.06 ppm 0.38 ppm ( (2 0.01 ppm 0.02 0.04 ppm 0.06 ppm (85 98 0.04 0.06 ppm Kawada Suzuki (19 1970261 g/day 1994 182 g/day 35-50 µg/da

13、y 30 µg/dayZhang (20 17 1990 1995 ( 0.01 ppm 0.01 0.03 ppm 0.039 0.038 ppm 0.058 ppm (86 98 0.02 0.04 ppm (0.2 ppm Lee (21 0.002 ppm 3.231 µg/week 55 (PTWI 3.7% (85 98 0.002 0.004 ppm 98 0.002 ppm PTWI 3.1% 1.9%件數(shù)百分比<0. 010. 01-0. 050. 06-0. 100. 11-0. 150. 16-0. 20>0. 20(ppm件數(shù)百分比<

14、;0. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 000. 00>0. 0(ppmppm件數(shù)百分比<0. 010. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 00. 0>0.19 ( (ppm (ppm (ppm* ( * N.D.: 0.002 ppm 0.0005 ppm 0.002 ppm(ppm (ppm (ppm911460.06 (N.D.0.380.003 (N.D.0.0200.02 (N.D.0.29 921660.05 (N.D.0.280.003 (N.D.0.0090.03 (N.D.0.15 931

15、590.04 (N.D.0.240.002 (N.D. 0.0080.03 (N.D. 0.11 941490.05 (N.D.0.180.003 (N.D.0.0110.03 (N.D.0.10 951590.05 (N.D.0.160.002 (N.D.0.0080.02 (N.D.0.06 961630.04 (0.0020.260.002 (N.D.0.0120.03 (N.D.0.11 971610.05 (N.D.0.120.002 (N.D.0.0110.03 (N.D.0.09 981610.04 (N.D.0.37 0.002 (N.D.0.010.02 (N.D.0.16

16、* N.D.:20(FAO/WHO (PTWI 7 µg/ kg (22 60 kg 420 µg PTWI 1.6 µg/kg(23 96 µg PTWI 25 µg/kg 1500 µg (24 210 g 129 g(25 98 0.04 ppm PTWI 14.0% 8.6% 1.5 PTWI 0.002 ppm PTWI 3.1% 1.9% 6.9 PTWI 0.02 ppm PTWI 2.0% 1.2% 10.7 PTWI ( CAS982002Kikuchi, Y., Nomiyama, T., Kumagai, N.,

17、 Uemura, T. and Omae, K. 2002. Cadmium concentration in current Japanese foods and beverages. Journal of Occupational Health 44: 240-247.Food and Environmental Hygiene Department,.(ppm11 0.0114 12 0.00822 13 0.0022 14 0.0275 15 0.00715 16 0.0583 17 0.00329 PTWI(ppm0.040.0020.02 *(g/week 58.8

18、2.929.4 36.11.818.1 PTWI *(% 14.0 3.1 2.0 8.6 1.9 1.2 * 19931996 ( 210 g 129 g* P TWI: FAO/WHO Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake ( 60 kg 420 g, 96 g, 1500 g21( the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2003. Dietary exposure to heavy metals of secondary school students. http:/

19、.hk/safefood/report/heavymetal/hmDietaryExposureFull.pdf.International Agency of Research on Cancer. 2008. Agents reviewed by the IARC monographs. http:/monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/PDFs/index.php.Woodwell G. M. 1967. Toxic substances and ecological cycles Sci. American 216(3: 24-31

20、. 19852002 357: 52-551998 36(4: 333-343 2003 .tw/creod/iosh/articles/Pb.htm.U.S. ATSDR. Top 20 hazardous substances. /cxcx3.html.Codex Alimentarius Commission: Discussion paper on cadmium. /codex/ccfac31/fa99_21e.pdf.1996 43: 12-13 2007 96

21、.08.29 096040620620035.6. 7. 8.9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 92. 04. 04 09292062322003 92. 12. 23 09292271572004 93. 01. 08 0939300138 Kawada, T. and Suzuki, S. 1998. A review on the cadmium content of rice, daily cadmium intake and accumulation in the kidney. Journal of Occupational Health 40: 264

22、-269.Zhang, Z. W., Moon, C. S., Watanabe, T., Shimbo, S. and Ikeda, M. 1996. Lead content of rice collected from various areas in the world. The Science of the Total Environment 191: 169-175.Lee , H. S., Cho, Y. H., Park, S. O., Hye, S. H., Kim, B. H., Hahm, T. H., Kim, M., Lee, J. O. and Kim, C. I.

23、 2006. Dietary exposure of the Korean population to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19: 31-37.Nordic Council of Ministers. 2003. Cadmium Review 4: 16. /ifcs/documents/forums/forum5/nmr_cadmium.pdf.UN Committee recommends new dietary intak

24、e limits for mercury. /mediacentre/news/notes/2003/np20/en/.Nordic Council of Ministers. 2003. Lead Review. 4: 17. /ifcs/documents/forums/forum5/nmr_lead.pdf. 1999 19931996 ( 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.22 The Investigation on Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Mercury a

25、nd Lead in Rice CHE-LUN HSU1, YA-MIN KAO1, HUI-MEI HSU2, YUNG-SHENG TSAI3, LAI LI HONG4, QUO PING LIN5, HSIU-KUAN CHOU6, SHOU-HSUN CHENG7, JIIN-FUNG SHYU8 AND DANIEL YANG-CHIH SHIH9 1 Division of Research and Analysis 2Tainan City Public Health Bureau 3Yunlin County Public Health Bureau 4 Nantou Cou

26、nty Public Health Bureau 5Keelung City Public Health Bureau 6 Central Center for Regional Administration 7Southern Center for Regional Administration 8 Northern Center for Regional Administration 9Center for Science and Technology ABSTRACT In order to investigate the contents of heavy metals (cadmium, mercury and lead in rice in Taiwan, rice samples from the rice millers were collected from March to October, 2009. Se