核酸合成蛋白質(zhì)合成代謝調(diào)節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)題

1、核酸合成、蛋白質(zhì)合成、代謝調(diào)節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)題第十章 核酸的生物合成 一、名詞解釋 99、中心法則 100、半保留復(fù)制 108、前導(dǎo)鏈 109、岡崎片段 110、半不連續(xù)復(fù)制 111、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄 115、轉(zhuǎn)錄 116、模板鏈(無(wú)義鏈) 121、內(nèi)含子 122、外顯子 二、填空題 137、MeselsonStahl的DNA半保留復(fù)制證實(shí)試驗(yàn)中，區(qū)別不同DNA用同位素示蹤法。分離不同DNA用 方法。測(cè)定DNA含量用 方法。 138、DNA聚合酶?(E.coli)的生物功能有 、 和 作用。 139、在E.coli中，使DNA鏈延長(zhǎng)的主要聚合酶是 ，它由10種亞基組成。DNA聚合酶?主要負(fù)責(zé)DNA的 作用。 14

2、0、真核生物DNA聚合酶主要有 、 、 、 、 。其中在DNA復(fù)制中起主要作用的是 和 。 141、解旋酶的作用是使 ，反應(yīng)需要 提供能量，結(jié)合在后隨鏈模板上的解旋酶，移動(dòng)方向 。 142、在DNA復(fù)制過(guò)程中，改變DNA螺旋程度的酶叫 。 143、SSB的中文名稱(chēng) ，功能特點(diǎn)是使 。 144、DNA連接酶只能催化雙鏈DNA中的缺口形成3'，5'磷酸二酯鍵，不能催化兩條 間形成3'，5'磷酸二酯鍵，真核生物DNA連接酶以 作為+能源，大腸桿菌則以NAD作為能源，DNA連接酶在DNA 、 、 中起作用。 145、DNA生物合成的起始，需要一段 作為引物，引物由 催化

3、完成。 146、DNA生物合成的方向是 ，岡崎片段合成方向是 。 147、由逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶催化的核酸合成是以 為模板，以 為底物，產(chǎn)物是integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of

4、integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population

5、. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second l

6、and of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities

7、 in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town tog

8、ether. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of ci

9、ties, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promot

10、ing deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and

11、supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for &quo

12、t;water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical

13、zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentr

14、ated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the

15、 outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 與 。 148、誘變劑大致分為 、 、 三種類(lèi)型。 149、RNA生物合成中，RNA聚合酶的活性需要 模板，原料是 、 、 、 。 150、大腸桿菌RNA聚合酶為多亞基酶，亞基組成 ，稱(chēng)為 酶，其中 亞基組成稱(chēng)為核心酶，功能是 ;亞基的功能是 。 151、用于RNA生物合成的DNA模板鏈稱(chēng)為 或 。 152、RNA聚合酶沿DNA模板 方向移動(dòng)，RNA合成方向 。 153、

16、真核生物 RNA聚合酶共三種 ， ， 它們分別催化 ， 、 和 的生物合成。 154、某DNA雙螺旋中，單鏈5'ATCGCTCGA3'為反義鏈，若轉(zhuǎn)錄mRNA，其中堿基排列順序?yàn)?' 3'。 155、能形成DNARNA雜交分子的生物合成過(guò)程有 、 ，形成的分子基礎(chǔ)是 。 156、DNA復(fù)制中， 鏈的合成是 的，合成的方向和復(fù)制叉移動(dòng)方向相同; 的合成是 ，合成的方向和復(fù)制叉移動(dòng)方向相反。 157、RNA聚合酶中能識(shí)別DNA模板上特定的起始信號(hào)序列的亞基是 ，該序列部位稱(chēng) 。 三、選擇題 158、DNA以半保留方式復(fù)制，如果一個(gè)具有放射性標(biāo)記的雙鏈DNA分子，在無(wú)

17、放射性標(biāo)記的環(huán)境中經(jīng)過(guò)兩輪復(fù)制，其產(chǎn)物分子的放射性情況如何( )。 A. 其中一半沒(méi)有放射性 B. 都有放射性 C. 半數(shù)分子的兩條鏈都有放射性 D. 都不含放射性 159、關(guān)于DNA指導(dǎo)下的RNA合成的下列論述除了哪一項(xiàng)都是正確的( )。 A. 只有存在DNA時(shí)，RNA聚合酶才能催化磷酸二酯鍵的形成。 B. 在合成過(guò)程中，RNA聚合酶需要一個(gè)引物。 C. RNA鏈的延長(zhǎng)方向是5'?3'。 D. 在大多數(shù)情況下，只有一條DNA鏈作為模板。 160、下列關(guān)于DNA和RNA聚合酶的論述哪一種是正確的( )。 A. RNA聚合酶用核苷二磷酸而不是核苷三磷酸來(lái)合成多核苷酸鏈。 B. R

18、NA聚合酶需要引物，并在生長(zhǎng)的多核苷酸鏈的5'端加上核苷酸。 C. DNA聚合酶能在核苷酸鏈的兩端加上核苷酸。 D. 所有DNA和RNA聚合酶只能在生長(zhǎng)的多核甘酸鏈的3'端加上核苷酸。 161、修補(bǔ)胸腺嘧啶有數(shù)種方法，其中之一是用DNA連接酶，DNA聚合酶等催化進(jìn)行，試問(wèn)這些酶按下列哪種順序發(fā)揮作用( )。 A. DNA連接酶?DNA聚合酶?核酸內(nèi)切酶 B. DNA聚合酶?核酸內(nèi)切酶?DNA連接酶 C. 核酸內(nèi)切酶?DNA聚合酶?DNA連接酶 D. 核酸內(nèi)切酶?DNA連接酶?DNA聚合酶 162、DNA聚合酶在分類(lèi)時(shí)屬于六大酶類(lèi)的哪一種( )。 A. 合成酶類(lèi) B. 轉(zhuǎn)移酶類(lèi)

19、C. 裂解酶類(lèi) D. 氧化還原酶類(lèi) 163、催化真核生物mRNA生物合成的RNA聚合酶?對(duì)鵝膏覃堿( )。 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated

20、energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP

21、 growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the

22、seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in buildin

23、g with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Sout

24、hbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, citie

25、s have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep de

26、velopment of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to t

27、he population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and

28、 the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group

29、, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the

30、 old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward ex

31、pansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, A. 不敏感 B. 敏感 C. 高度敏感 D. 低度敏感 164、DNA復(fù)制中RNA引物的主要作用是( )。 A. 引導(dǎo)合成岡崎片段 B. 作為合成岡崎片段的模板 C. 為DNA合成原料dNTP提供附著點(diǎn) D. 激活DNA聚合酶 165、紫外線對(duì)DNA的損傷主要是( )。 A. 引起堿基置換 B. 形成嘧啶二聚體 C. 導(dǎo)致堿基缺失 D. 發(fā)生堿基插入 166、有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄的錯(cuò)誤描述是( )。 A

32、. 只有在DNA存在時(shí)，RNA聚合酶方可催化RNA B. 需要NTP做原料 C. RNA鏈的延伸方向是3'?5' D. RNA的堿基需要與DNA互補(bǔ) 167、有關(guān)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄作用的錯(cuò)誤描述是( )。 A. 以RNA為模板合成DNA B. 需要一個(gè)具有3'OH末端的底物 C. 以5'?3'方向合成 ，也能3'?5'方向合成 D. 以dNTP為底物 168、體內(nèi)參與甲基化反應(yīng)的直接甲基供體是( )。 A. Met B. S腺苷甲硫氨酸 C. 甲酰甲硫氨酸 D. MettRNA 69、關(guān)于大腸桿菌DNA聚合酶?的下列論述哪些是正確的( )。 1A.

33、它是一個(gè)金屬酶 B. 它能從3'羥基端逐步水解單股DNA鏈 C. 它在雙螺旋區(qū)有5'?3'核酸酶活性 D. 它需要DNA模板上的游離5'OH 170、試將下列DNA復(fù)制的有關(guān)步驟按正確的順序排列( )。 A. DNA指導(dǎo)的RNA聚合酶合成RNA引物 B. 解旋蛋白打開(kāi)DNA雙鏈 C. DNA指導(dǎo)的DNA聚合酶合成的DNA互補(bǔ)鏈 D. DNA連接酶連接DNA片段 E. 核酸內(nèi)切酶切除RNA引物 171、下列關(guān)于核不均RNA(hnRNA)的論述哪些是正確的( )。 A. 它們的壽命比大多數(shù)細(xì)胞液的RNA短 B. 在3'端有一個(gè)多聚核苷酸(polyA)長(zhǎng)尾，是

34、由DNA編碼的 C. 它們存在于細(xì)胞核的核仁外周部分 D. 鏈內(nèi)核苷酸不發(fā)生甲基化反應(yīng) E. 有大約四分之三成份將被切除掉，以形成mRNA 172、DNA復(fù)制的精確性遠(yuǎn)高于RNA的合成，這是因?yàn)? )。 A. 新合成的DNA 鏈與模板形成了雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)，而RNA鏈不能 B. DNA聚合酶有3'?5'外切酶活力，而RNA 聚合酶沒(méi)有相應(yīng)活力 C. 脫氧核苷酸之間的氫鍵配對(duì)精確性高于脫氧核苷酸與核苷酸之間的配對(duì) D. DNA聚合酶有5'?3'外切酶活力，而RNA 聚合酶無(wú)此活性。 173、有關(guān)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶的論述哪些是正確的( )。 A. 具有依賴(lài)于RNA的DNA聚合酶活性

35、 B. 具有依賴(lài)于DNA的DNA聚合integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufactu

36、ring industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin ci

37、ty, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 200

38、0 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. Fro

39、m city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, fu

40、nctions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal c

41、ity traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, adva

42、nced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figu

43、re 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills&

44、quot;. 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an ar

45、ea of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre

46、 has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been

47、expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, 酶活性 C. 不具備5'?3'或3'?5'核酸外切酶活性 D. 催化合成反應(yīng)時(shí)，需要模板及3'OH引物。 174、Crick于1958年提出的中心法則包括( )。 A. DNA復(fù)制 B. RNA復(fù)制 C. 轉(zhuǎn)錄 D. 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄 E. 翻譯 175、DNA生物合成中需要以下哪些酶參與( )。 A. 引物酶 B. 解旋酶 C. 解鏈酶 D. DNA連接酶 E. DNA聚合酶 176、RNA聚合酶的核心酶有以下哪些亞基組成( )。

48、A. B. C. D. ' E. 177、RNA生物合成的終止需要以下哪些成分( )。 A. 終止子 B. 因子 C. 因子 D. dna蛋白 E. 亞基 178、RNA與DNA生物合成相同的是( )。 A. 需RNA引物 B. 以3'?5'方向DNA為模板 C. 兩條模板鏈同時(shí)合成 D. 新鏈生成方向5'?3' E. 形成3'，5'磷酸二酯鍵 179、DNA的切除修復(fù)需要以下哪幾種酶參與( )。 A. 光裂合酶 B. 核酸內(nèi)切酶 C. DNA聚合酶? D. DNA連接酶 E. RNA聚合酶 180、真核細(xì)胞 mRNA的加工修飾包括以下內(nèi)

49、容( )。 A. 切除內(nèi)含子，連接外顯子 B. 5'端接上“帽子” C. 3'端接上CCA D. 3'端添加多聚(A)尾 E. 堿基甲基化 四、是非題 116、限制性核酸內(nèi)切酶是能識(shí)別幾個(gè)特定核苷酸順序的DNA水解酶。( ) 119、大腸桿菌DNA生物合成中，DNA聚合酶?主要起聚合作用。( ) 120、原核生物DNA的合成是單點(diǎn)起始，真核生物為多點(diǎn)起始。( ) 121、DNA生物合成不需要核糖核甘酸。( ) 122、以一條親代DNA(3'?5')為模板時(shí)，子代鏈合成方向5'?3'以另一條親代DNA鏈(5'?3')為模板時(shí)

50、，子代鏈合成方向3'?5'。( ) 123、在DNA生物合成中，半保留復(fù)制與半不連續(xù)復(fù)制指相同概念。( ) 124、在DNA合成終止階段由DNA聚合酶?切除引物。( ) 125、目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶大部分來(lái)自于病毒粒子。( ) 126、依賴(lài)DNA的RNA聚合酶由緊密結(jié)合的'亞基組成，其中因子2具有識(shí)別起始部位和催化RNA合成的功能。( ) 127、RNA的生物合成不需要引物。( ) 128、大腸桿菌的mRNA在翻譯蛋白質(zhì)之前不需要加工。( ) 129、DNA聚合酶?切除引物RNA屬3'?5'外切酶作用，切除錯(cuò)配的核甘酸屬5'?3'外切酶作用

51、。( ) 130、岡崎片段的合成需要RNA引物。( ) 131、轉(zhuǎn)錄時(shí)，RNA聚合酶的核心酶沿模板DNA向其5'端移動(dòng)。( ) 132、RNA不能作為遺傳物質(zhì)。( ) integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoti

52、ng deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and s

53、upply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for "

54、;water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical z

55、onal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentra

56、ted in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, "suspicious" pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the

57、outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the city's liquor industry sl

58、ip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the country's first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in

59、factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented

60、nature picture for "water and the second land of the seven hills". 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, "old town-the South Bank" Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimizati