初中語(yǔ)法--英語(yǔ)詞性分類(lèi)及用法

1、詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)作用例詞名詞Noun（縮寫(xiě)為n.）表示人或事物的名稱(chēng)party政黨China中國(guó)代詞Pronoun (pron.)用來(lái)代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等He他that那數(shù)詞Numeral (num.)表示數(shù)量或順序one一first第一形 容 詞Adjective（adj.）用來(lái)修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特性、性質(zhì)safe安全great偉大副詞Adverb (adv.)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示動(dòng)作或形狀的特性hard艱苦here這里冠詞Article (art.)用在名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或事物an，a，the動(dòng)詞Verb (v.)表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)eat吃have有介

2、詞Preposition (prep.)用在名詞、代詞等前面，說(shuō)明句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系under在。下in在。里連詞Conjunction (conj.)用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子and和but但是感 嘆 詞Interjection (interj.)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情或口氣Hello喂why呃，嘿 情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加 -smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加 -esbus-buses watch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加 -slicense-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加esba

3、by-babies1) 以y結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直 接加s變復(fù)數(shù)：如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f,

4、fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； flowerflowers找找規(guī)律規(guī)律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesboxes找找規(guī)律規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroes不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.

5、 Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004長(zhǎng)春）長(zhǎng)春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education

6、 B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing

7、 a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13.

8、 How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucysEg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are m

9、y friends. B B B C6. People get _(他們的) money from_(我). I You my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our me them we He your you you you her I him she用來(lái)表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞稱(chēng)為形形容詞容詞。作 用例 句定 語(yǔ)You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 語(yǔ)Your coat is too small.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The old woman keeps everything

10、 clean and tidy.注意：1.有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： The old man is alone. 2. 形容詞用來(lái)修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞，要 放在這些詞的后面。 Youd better tell us something interesting.作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。The price sounds reasonable.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)放在賓語(yǔ)之后。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean

11、. 后置的情況：修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。 Something serious has happened to him.與表示“長(zhǎng)、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。 Hes 1.8 metres tall. 一、副詞的位置副詞的位置 1.在許多情況下，副詞都放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面或句末。 The girl dances very well. 2.有時(shí)也放在主語(yǔ)后面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面(對(duì)動(dòng)作加以強(qiáng)調(diào))。 He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副詞如碰上助動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞，則通常放在助動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前 We have already read the book. 介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞