動詞不定式秘絕密級

1、情 態(tài) 動 詞 （一）情態(tài)動詞概說 1情態(tài)動詞也是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞所表示的情態(tài)有：請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。 2情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。如： 她會唱英文歌曲。 She cans sing an English song.（F） She can sings an English song.（F） She can sing an English song.（T） 3有些情態(tài)動詞的過去時與其原形相同，有些與原形不同。 (1) 與原形相同的有： must - must

2、ought to - ought to (2) 與原形不同的有： can - could will - would may - might shall - should need - needed dare - dared have to - had to 4大多數(shù)的情態(tài)動詞后面可以用動詞不定式（多不帶to）的進行時、完成時或被動形式，如：may, can, must等。 （二）情態(tài)動詞的種類：（見下表）原 形過去式詞 義cancould能maymight可以（或許）mustmust(had to)必須（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould應(yīng)該needneeded需要dared

3、ared敢于（三）情態(tài)動詞的否定形式：cannot - cant could not - couldnt may not- maynt might not- mightnt must not - mustnt will not - wont would not - wouldnt need not - neednt shall not - shant should not - shouldnt ought not - oughtnt dare not - darent （四）常用情態(tài)動詞的用法：1can與could1） can（1）表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的“

4、能力”。 He can drive. Can you jump as far as he did? I cant catch up with Jim. can與be able to二者都表示“能夠”，區(qū)別是：can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去式，而be able to可用于各種時態(tài)。如： Ill be able to speak French in half a year. He hasnt been able to finish it on time. （2）表示允許： You can go now. Can I use your bike? （3）表示推測： Who can it be? It can

5、t be true. can表示猜測或懷疑只用于疑問句及否定句中。 2） could（1）can的過去式，表示過去有能力及過去的可能性。 He couldnt climb up the mountain. The news could be true. （2）表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。 Could you go skating with me tomorrow? Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer tonight.（3）表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度 How could he say that? He couldnt be in Beijing.

6、2may與might1） may（1）表示請求、許可、可以 May I use your dictionary? Yes, please/certainly. May I come in? （2）表示推測說話人的猜測，認為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生。 It may rain this afternoon. I may leave for Hangzhou next week. （3）may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you do well! May you have a good time! 2) might （1）用作may的過去式。 We didnt know that

7、he might be our new teacher. The accident might happen the day before yesterday. （2）替代may來表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作，主要于推測（但其可能性比may更低）。 Im afraid it might snow tomorrow. You might meet him at the conference. The movie might have finished now. （3）委婉地表示請求（不是過去式）。 Might I ask you a question? Might you go there with me

8、? 3must（1）表示義務(wù)，命令或必要。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must be strict with ourselves.（2）表示肯定的推測：一定 He must be at home.（對現(xiàn)在的猜測） I think you must have made a mistake.（對過去的猜測） He must be our new teacher. He cant be our new teacher. （3）此外還要弄清楚must與have to的區(qū)別 4will與would1） will（1）表示意愿、決心。此時可用于各種人稱。 He wont

9、come to see you.他不愿來見你。（表示意愿） I will try my best to catch up with her.我將盡最大努力趕上她。（表示決心）（2）表示請求，此時僅限于“will you (please)？”句型中，僅用于第二人稱和疑問句中。 Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore? Will you have some rice? 2） would（1）will的過去式，表示過去的意愿和決心。 He said he would do ev

10、erything for her, but she said she would never see him again. They believed that we would help them. （2）用于現(xiàn)在時，表示委婉地提出請求，建議或看法。此時would的用法比will更加委婉。 Would you please show me the way to the museum? I would like to say something about it. will和would用于“勸某人接受”時，只能用some，不能用any。如： Would you like some fish?

11、吃點魚好嗎？ 5shall與should1） shall 征求對方意見或請求，用于第一、三人稱。表示“要不要？”、“好嗎？” Shall I open the window? Shall the doctor come?2） should（1）should意思是“應(yīng)該”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to） You should wash your hands before dinner. We should help each other. （2）用來表示可能性或猜測。 He should be in the office now. I should be right. （3）should有

12、時能表示說話人的情感等。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示輕視） Why should I do that for you?（表示不滿）（4）should后接動詞不定式（不加to）時，若用于肯定句，表示某件事本應(yīng)該完成卻未完成；若用于否定句，則表示某事不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。 You should have told us the truth.（應(yīng)該告訴卻沒有） He should have known the importance of it.應(yīng)該知道卻不知道） We shouldnt have left so early.（不應(yīng)該早出來，可已

13、經(jīng)做了） 6need1）need意思是“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和關(guān)系問句中。 You neednt come so early. Need I take part in the Party? 2) need引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答時多用must，否定回答時用neednt。 Need he come? Yes, he must. No, he neednt.3) need后接名詞做賓語時，表示“需要”某件事物，此時用作實義動詞，與一般的實義動詞用法完全一樣。如： We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books. 7. ought ough

14、t只有一種形式，后面常與to連用，意思是“應(yīng)該”。 You ought to visit us often. Sorry, I ought to leave now. 在表示“應(yīng)該”時，ought to的語氣比should要強，比must稍弱。 8. dare1) dare意思是“敢”，用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中時，后接加to的動詞不定式。 The boy dared to climb up the tree. She should dare to question her teacher. 2）dare用于否定句或疑問句中時，與大多數(shù)的情態(tài)動詞一樣，后接不帶to的動詞不定式。 Don't dar

15、e do that again! The poor girl dare not go home. 9had better You had better see a doctor. You had better not leave now. Had I better wait for her? 中考英語動詞不定式  一、省略“to”的動詞不定式         to是動詞不定式常常帶有的小品詞，是動詞不定式的標(biāo)志。但在下列情況下它常常被省略掉。1. 作感官動詞see，watch，hear，feel

16、，notice等的賓語補足語時。如：    We felt the house shake. 我們感到房屋搖晃。2. 作使役動詞make，let，have等的賓語補足語時。如：     She lets us meet her at the station.  她讓我們?nèi)ボ囌窘铀?. help后的賓語補足語前可帶to也可不帶to.如：    She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas.  她幫助她母親為圣誕節(jié)做準備。4. “

17、Will you please ？”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to要省略。如：     Will you please close the door？  請你關(guān)上門，好嗎？5. “had better（not）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to要省略。如：     You had better not talk in class.  在課堂上，你最好不要說話。6. “would rather（寧愿）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to要省略。如：      I would r

18、ather stay at home.  我寧愿待在家里。7. “Why not ？”結(jié)構(gòu)中，緊跟其后的動詞不定式要省略to.如：     Why not ask Jim？ 為什么不問問吉姆？8. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列在一起時，第一個不定式前加to，后面的不定式往往省略to.如： He told me to finish my homework and（to）hand it in. 他告訴我完成作業(yè)并把它交上去。二、疑問詞動詞不定式        疑問詞what，wh

19、ich，how，where，when等可以和動詞不定式連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。“疑問詞動詞不定式”可以作主語、賓語、表語等。如：When to start off hasnt been decided yet.  什么時候出發(fā)還沒決定。（作主語） The question is which bus to take.  問題是乘哪輛公共汽車。（作表語）“疑問詞動詞不定式”可以由名詞從句簡化而來。如： I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.三、tooto /enough to和sothat&

20、#160;       sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句可以用tooto和enough to改成簡單句，若從句是否定含義既可用“too形容詞/副詞to”改寫，也可用“not形容詞/副詞（原句中形容詞/副詞的反義詞）enoughto”改寫；若從句是肯定含義常用enough to改寫。如：1. The girl is so young that she cant join the army.The girl is too young to join the army.或The girl is not old enough to join t

21、he army.  這個女孩太小不能參軍。 2. He runs so fast that he can get there first.He runs fast enough to get there first.  他跑得夠快，可以第一個到那兒練習(xí)檢測 1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, some B. Will

22、, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly? A. mustn

23、t, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could6. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can7. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shal

24、l9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? _. A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right10. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. needn't we；mustn't B. mustn't we；needn't C. mustn't you；mustn't

25、 D. needn't we；needn't11. _ I take the newspaper away ? No, you mustn't. You _ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must12. - Must I stay at home and take care of her? - No, you _. A. mustn't B. won't C. can't D. needn't 13. - Can you mend a TV set? - No, I _. A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't14. - Whose guitar is this？ - _. A. It must Alis. B. It might belong to Alis. C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.need, neednt, can, cant, shall, shouldnt may, must, mustnt, have to, would 15. I _ show