2020高考英語“主謂一致”考點一遍過,超全考點梳理+易錯點撥!

1、在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致, 這就叫主謂一致。近幾年來，高考關于該內容的考查主要集中在語法形態(tài)一 致、邏輯意義一致以及就近一致三個方面上。主謂一致在高考中常與名詞結合在一起進行綜合考查，多以語法填空和短文改錯的形式出題，在完形填空中也會有所涉及，總體難度系數較低，縱觀近年的高考真題，主謂一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重難點。預計2020年高考仍會沿襲這一命題規(guī)律。1.掌握主謂一致的三個原則：語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致；2.掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定語從句中的主謂一致； 4.掌握倒裝句、強調句中的主謂 一致。01高考主謂一致的知識結構一致原

2、則考點詳解例句語法一致1.以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、 動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一 般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞 用復數形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two h ours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的合成主

3、語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3.主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有w ith, together with , except, but, like , as well as, rather than, more than, no less than,besides, including 等弓 1起的短語，

4、謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數， 謂語用復數形式。Mr. Green, together with his wife and chil dren, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the pla yground.She, like you and Tom , is very tall.4. either , neither, each, every 或 no + 單 數名詞和由 some, any, no, every 構成的 復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。Each of us has a new book.Everythin

5、g around us is matter.5.在定語從句中，關系代詞 that, who, wh ich等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中 先行詞的數一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.一致原則考點詳解例句語法一致6 .如果集體名詞指的是整個集體， 它的謂語 動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語 動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audienc

6、e 等。7 .由 “alot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名詞”構成的短語以及由 分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主 語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞 的數而定。Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four are unable to agree upon a mo nitor.注：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作 復數。如： The police are looking for the lo st child.There are a lo

7、t of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 與 the number of 的區(qū)另U8.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主 語一致。There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.邏輯f1. what, who, which, any, more,all等代詞可

8、以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2.表示時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞 的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形 式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個 整體。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3.若主語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、 國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數 形式。“TheArabian Nights "is a

9、n interesting story-book.4.表數量的短語 “oneand a half后接復數 名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點詳解例句邏輯f5.算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單 數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾，如：mathematics, politics , physics 以及 news, wor ks等，都屬于

10、形式上是復數的名詞，實際 意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語 動詞要用單數形式。The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn easy to study.7. trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,jeans等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果 這些名詞前有 a (the) pair of等重詞修 飾時，謂語動詞用單數。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8.定冠詞the +形容詞或分詞”，表示某 一類人時，動詞用復數。Th

11、e old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數或/、可數 名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities 一般用復數。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the tabl e.10. a great deal of, a large amount of修飾/、可數名詞， 作主語時， 謂語動詞 通常用單數；large amounts of修飾不可數 名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數。A large

12、 amount of (A great deal of) dama ge was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on t he bridge.就1.當兩個主語由 eitheror, neither nor, whether or ，not only - but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.2. there be句型的be

13、動詞單復數取決于其 后的主語。如果其后是由 and連接的兩個 主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the ro om.Here引導的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.02考向一語法一致語法一致：就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。1 . 單數名詞、不可數名詞、不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數。?His father is working on the farm.? Time is money.? To finish a

14、ll the work on time is impossible.? Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.? The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多用單數但如果表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，謂語動詞用復數。What I bought were 3 English books.What I say and do are helpful to you.2 .由 and 或 both.and 連接起來的合成主語后面謂語動詞用復數。Lu

15、cy and Lily are twins.She and I are friends.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就用單數。The writer and artist has come.由and 連接的并列單數主語前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.3 .主語后

16、面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than,no less than, besides, including等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的單復數由主語的單復數 決定。Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4 .either, neithe

17、r, each, every 或 no+單數 neither/neither/none of十復數名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構成的復合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting.None of us has been to South Africa.5 .定語從句中，關系代詞 that, which, who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數和先行詞一致。He is one of my students w

18、ho are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.1. （2019 江蘇卷 單項填空） The musician along with his band membersten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】 B【解析】考查現在完成時與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊成員已經完成了十場演出。由 “in the last three months 可

19、知，這句話的時態(tài) ”為現在完成時，故排除 AD選項。本句主語為the musician,為第三人稱單數形式， 句中的"along with his band members是附加成分，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形 式。故選B。2 （2018 新課標卷 I 語法填空）While running regularly can ' t make you live forever, the review says it 64 （be） more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】

20、is【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。醫(yī)學報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現在時，且主語是it ，表示單數概念。故填is。3.He is one of the most selfish men that ever lived; that s why hardly making friends with him.A. has； anyone likesB. have； does anyone likeC. has； no one likesD. have； anyone likes【答案】D【解析】考查主謂一致。that 引導的定語從句修飾的是名詞復數

21、 men ， 因此定語從句的謂語動詞應用have。 第一個空考查的是定語從句中謂語動詞的單復數， one of+復數名詞 +關系代詞+復數動詞，因此第一個空用have ；后半句譯為那就是幾乎沒有任何人和他交朋友的原因， hardly 表示幾乎不，根據句意，后面應是肯定句，故排除C項；hardly作為否定副詞放在句首時，句子才使用倒裝語序，因此排除 B 項。故選 D 項。6 .集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等，指整體時，用單數；指集體的成員時，用復數。His family is a happy one.The

22、whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.（ 人口 ）One third of the population here are workers.（ 人） people, cattle, police作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。7 .由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名詞， 或者是分數/ 百分數名詞構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞的數由名詞的單復數決定。The rest of the lecture is wonderfu

23、l.A lot of time is wasted.A lot of people take part in the meeting.2/3 water is drunk by him.2/3 students are absent.8 .倒裝句中，謂語v.的數與其后的主語一致。On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made eachday and often years

24、 of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take【答案】A【解析】主謂一致指人稱和數方面的一致關系。根據分析， 第一空的謂語要填一個單數，因為此賓語從句：一廿21 success a sum of - day9主語是 success,一個單數名詞，故謂語要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主語也是success， 故第二空的謂語也是一個單數形式。句意： 成功是將每天一小點努力積累起來，是需要多年的努力去達到，記住這些很重要。03考向二 意義一致原則1 .表示時間、度量、 長度、 價值等的復

25、數名詞作主語， 因為其在概念上是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。Twenty minutes is enough for the work.One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.2 .如果是書名，片名，格言，劇名，報名，國名等的復數形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 復數n. ，謂語動詞用單數。One and a half apples is left on the table.3 .算式中表示數目通常用單數（加減乘除）4 .表示學科的

26、以一ics結尾的名詞作主語，用單數。Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Mathematics is the study of numbers.Politics, economics, athletics 等。5 .復數形式的單復數同形的名詞作主語，意義一致。The glass works was built up in 1980.These glass works are near the railway station.6 .由兩部分組成的名詞，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主語時，

27、謂語動詞用 復數。 a pair of 等量詞時，視情況而定。7 .The adj. 表示一類人，作主語時用復數。The young are usually very active.The old are lonely.【2019 新課標 I 卷 語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】 are【解析】時態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據thre

28、e are declining ，此處數詞six 作主語，代指前文中的 “ polar bear subpopulations ，故用復數謂語，一般現在時，故填 ”are 。04考向三 就近一致原則就近一致：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。 1) 當兩個主語由 either or neither norwhether or ,- not only but also 連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.他的父母和我都不能說服他改變注意。

29、 2) 2) there be 句型的 be 動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由 and 連接的 兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。There are two pens ， a book and three pencils on the desk. 書桌上有兩支鋼筆，一本書和三支鉛筆。There is a book， two pens and three pencils on the desk. 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。（ 3）在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。Here is a map and a handbook for you. 這是一張你的地圖和一本手

30、冊。Such are the facts. 事實就是如此。（ 4）就遠原則：謂語動詞與前面主語一致。主語后面接連接性短語時， 這種結構并不影響主語和謂語的關系， 即謂語動詞的數與主語的數保持一致。 此類連接性短語有 as well as， as much as， along with ， with ， like， rather than ， together with ， but ， except ， besides， including ， in addition to 等。your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me. 你姐姐

31、和你父母一樣， 對我很好。she, like you and betty , is very clever.像你和 betty一樣，她也很聰明。The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river everySunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going【答案】 C【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意：在冬天的每個星期天下午，這位父親和他的三個孩子都去結冰的河面上滑冰。 當 as well as 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時， 謂 語動詞的數應與a

32、s well as前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。本題的謂語動詞應與Thefather 保持一致，用單數形式；由時間狀語every Sunday afternoon 可知，本句應用一般現在時。故選C項。05考點三 名詞+介詞短語作主語名詞或代詞后接as well as， with ， along with ， together with ， except ， but 等短語作主語時，謂語動詞的形式應和介詞短語前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他學生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。He wi

33、th his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，沒人知道。06考向四 不定代詞作主語1. 當作主語的名詞前有each， neither ， either ， every 修飾或 each， neither ， either作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。?Each student has a book. 每一個學生都有一本書。?Either answer is correct. 兩個答案都是正確的。?Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都

34、沒有和他在一起。?Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對大家都很重要。2. 當復合不定代詞someone， anyone， somebody ， anybody ， nobody ， everybody ，something ， anything ， nothing ， everything 等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。?Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。?Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎?Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出

35、故障了。?Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】 C【解析】考查主謂一致及時態(tài)用法。句中的主語為代詞all,代指的是物，故謂語動詞用單數形式。 再根據從句中的 can 可以判斷用一般現在時。句意：我們所需要的是一小塊土地，在整個一年的生長季節(jié)，我們能夠種各種不同的

36、水果樹。故C正確。07考向五 特殊名詞作主語1. 國名、人名、書名、報刊名、組織機構等專有名詞作主語時，即使其形式上是復數，謂語動詞也要用單數。?The United States lies to the east of China. 美國在中國的東方。 （國名 ）?Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長學外語。 （人名 ）2. u the+形容詞u作主語時，表示某類人，謂語動詞用復數。?The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。?The old are supposed to be

37、spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。3. 以-s結尾的學科名詞， 如maths, physics, politics等和以-s結尾的抽象名詞，如 news， plastics 等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。?Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對我來講很難學。?The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動人心。4. 單復數形式相同的名詞，如Chinese， Japanese， sheep， deer 等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數由名詞前的修飾語來確定。?A Chinese wants to

38、 see you. 一個中國人想見你。?Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有 10 只綿羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese, Japanese, English等前加the表示一國人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國人說漢語。08考向六 表數量概念的詞或短語作主語1. 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復數名詞作主語時，通?？醋饕粋€整體，謂語動詞用單數。?Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就過去了。?Ten dollars is enough. 10 美元就夠了。?100 k

39、ilometers is a long way. 100 千米是一段很長的路。2. 加減乘除運算中的謂語動詞用單數，其中加法與乘法也可用復數。?Two and two is/are four. 2 加 2 等于 4。?Six times one is/are six. 6 乘以 1 等于 63. many a/more than one+ 單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。?There is more than one answer. 有不止一個答案。?Many a student has passed the exam. 許多學生通過了考試。4. " one and a half+復數名詞"作主語時，謂語用單數。?One and a half d