Terms of payment 國際貿易支付方式

1、Terms of PaymentDraftWordlist:Bill of exchange/draft 匯票（B/E）drawer 出票人drawee/payer 受票人/付款人Issue出票Presentment/Presentation提示Acceptance承兌Payment付款Endorsement背書Dishonor and recourse拒付和追索Procedure：1)出票(issue)。 出票人在匯票上填寫付款人、付款金額、付款日期和地點以及受款人等項目，簽字后交付給收款人的行為2)提示(presentation)。提示是持票人將匯票提交付款人要求付款人承兌或付款的行為，是

2、持票人要求取得票據(jù)權利的必要程序。either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered交單 指向開證行或指定銀行提交信用證項下單據(jù)的行為，或指按此方式提交的單據(jù)。3)承兌(acceptance)。指付款人在持票人向其提示遠期匯票時，在匯票上簽名，承諾在匯票到期時付款的行為。具體做法是付款人在匯票正面寫明“承兌(accepted)”字樣，注明承兌日期，簽章后交還持票人。付款人一旦對匯票作承兌，即成為承兌人，以債

3、務人的地位承擔匯票到期時付款的法律責任。 4)付款(payment)。付款人在匯票到期日，向提示匯票的合法持票人按匯票上的金額付全款。持票人將匯票注銷后交給付款人作為收款證明。匯票所代表的債務債權關系即告終止。 5)背書(endorsement)。票據(jù)包括匯票是可流通轉讓的證券。根據(jù)我國票據(jù)法規(guī)定，除非出票人在匯票上記載“不得轉讓”外，匯票的收款人擁有以記名背書的方式轉讓匯票權利。即在匯票背面簽上自己的名字，并加注被背書人的名稱，然后把匯票交給被背書人即受讓人，受讓人成為持票人，是票據(jù)的債權人。 6)拒付和追索(dishonor & recourse)。持票人向付款提示，付款人拒絕付款

4、或拒絕承兌，均稱拒付。另外，付款人拒不見票死、亡或宣告破產，以致持票人無法實現(xiàn)提示，也稱拒付。 Types:1）According to date:Sight Bill or Demand Draft or Draft at sight (即期匯票)Time Bill or Usance Bill or Draft after sight (遠期匯票)2）According to drawerBankers Draft/Bill（銀行匯票）Trade Draft/Bill（商業(yè)匯票）3）According to attaching shipping document or notDocumen

5、tary Bill（跟單匯票）: accompanied by shipping documents.Clean Bill（光票）: without4）According to different acceptor（承兌人）Traders Acceptance Bill（商業(yè)承兌匯票）: drawn on and accepted by a traderBankers Acceptance Bill（銀行承兌匯票）: drawn on and accepted by a bankerPromissory Note一、定義出票人本人簽發(fā)給受款人的、保證在見票時或在指定的或可確定的將來某一時間無條

6、件支付一定金額的書面承諾。二、種類1、現(xiàn)金支票 - 支票上印有“現(xiàn)金”字樣，只能用于支取現(xiàn)金；2、轉帳支票 - 支票上印有“轉賬”字樣，只能用于轉賬；3、普通支票 - 支票上未印有“現(xiàn)金”或“轉賬”宇樣，可以用于支取現(xiàn)金，也可以用于轉賬。在普通支票左上角劃兩條平行線的，為劃線支票，劃線支票只能用于轉賬，不能用于支取現(xiàn)金。CheckProcedure：Def:支票的出票人預留銀行簽章是銀行審核支票付款的依據(jù)。銀行也可以與出票人約定使用支付密碼，作為銀行審核支付支票金額的條件。Types:記名支票（CHEQUE PAYABLE TO ORDER），是在支票受款人一欄，寫明受款人姓名，如“支付 XX

7、X 或指定人”（PAY XXX OR ORDER），取款時須由受款人簽章，方可支取。 不記名支票（CHEQUE PAYABLE TO BEARER），又稱空白支票。支票上不記載受款人姓名，只寫“付來人”（PAY BEARER）。取款時持票人無須在支票背后簽章，即可支取。 劃線支票（CROSSED CHEQUE），是在支票正面劃兩道平行線的支票。劃線支票與一般支票不同。 一般支票可委托銀行收款入賬，也可由持票人自行提取現(xiàn)款。而劃線支票只能委托銀行代收票款入賬。使用劃線支票的目的是為了在支票遺失，被人冒領時，還可能通過銀行代收的線索追回票款。 Modes of Intl PaymentRemitt

8、anceDef:指不同國家（地區(qū)）間一方向另一方轉移資金， 也就是說，某一銀行（匯出行）應其客戶的要求，將一定貨幣金額轉移至其海外分行或代理行，指示其付款給某一指定收款人。Wordlist:remitting bank 匯出行the remitter 匯款方Mail Transfer, M/T 信匯payment order付款委托書Bills for Collection 托收票據(jù)Telegraphic Transfer, T/T 電匯Demand Draft, D/D 票匯Procedure：Types:1）Mail Transfer, M/T 信匯匯出行根據(jù)進口商的指示，以銀行信件郵寄指

9、示出口商所在地的匯入行，委托其向出口商或其指定人付款的匯款方式。（Cheap but slow, seldom used）2）Telegraphic Transfer, T/T 電匯匯出行根據(jù)進口商的指示，以電報/電傳/SWIFT等電訊方式指示出口商所在地的匯入行，委托其向出口商或其指定人付款的匯款方式。（Fast and safe for exporter to get the money; The most commonly used type of remittance）3）Demand Draft, D/D 票匯進口商在本地銀行購買銀行匯票直接寄給出口商，出口商憑以向匯票上指定的銀行收

10、取款項的匯款方式。（Flexible to draw money; Convenient for the exporter）CollectionDef:托收（Collection） 是指債權人（出口人）出具債權憑證（匯票等）委托銀行向債務人（進口人）收取貨款的一種支付方式。采用托收方式應注意的問題:1）嚴格審查客戶資信2）貿易術語應爭取使用CIF或CIP 以避免貨物在途中發(fā)生損失，買方不接受單據(jù)和貨物。采用CIF或CIP，賣方尚可向保險公司索賠。如爭取不到上述術語，賣方可投保賣方利益險，以彌補以上損失。Wordlist:The Drawer/Principal 委托人/出口方The Drawe

11、e付款人/進口方The Remitting Bank托收行/出口地銀行The Collecting Bank代收行/進口地銀行Clean Collection 光票托收Documentary Collection 跟單托收documents against payment (D/P)付款交單documents against acceptance (D/A)承兌交單Against: 表示交換關系以.抵付; 憑.換取Financial documents金融單據(jù)（指匯票、本票、支票或者其它用于取得付款的類似憑證）Commercial documents 商業(yè)單據(jù)（指發(fā)票、運輸單據(jù)、物權憑證或其它

12、類似單據(jù)，或除金融單據(jù)以外的任何其它單據(jù)）Types:1）Clean Collection 光票托收It means collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents. 指不附帶商業(yè)單據(jù)的金融單據(jù)的托收。Mainly used for small amount transaction, advance payment（預付款）, installment payment（分期付款）, commission and costs of samples etc.2）Documentary Collecti

13、on 跟單托收It means collection of financial documents accompanied by commercial documents;指附帶商業(yè)單據(jù)的金融單據(jù)的托收；(a) Documents Against Payment, D/P付款交單The collecting bank may release the documents only against immediate payment. It can be classified into D/P At Sight and D/P After Sight. 出口商的交單是以進口商的付款為條件。指出口商

14、將匯票連同商業(yè)單據(jù)委托銀行代收款項時，指示銀行只有在進口商付清款項后才能將商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進口商。又可分為即期和遠期付款交單。*Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交單 D/P at sight Upon presentation, the Buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the Seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only. D/P after sight The Buyer sh

15、all duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the Seller at××days sight upon first presentation and make payment on its maturity.(b) Documents Against Acceptance, D/A承兌交單The collecting bank may release the documents against the buyers acceptance of a draft (for instance, drawn payable 608

16、0 days after sight or due on a definite date). After acceptance, the buyer(importer) gains possession of the goods before the payment is made. The buyer will make payment when the time draft is mature. 出口商的交單是以進口商在匯票上承兌為條件。指出口商按照合同規(guī)定裝貨后，開具遠期匯票連同商業(yè)單據(jù)交當?shù)赝惺招校膯涡校甘静⑽衅湓谶M口地的與其有和約關系的代收行（提示行)向進口商做出提示，進口商

17、承兌遠期匯票，便可領取商業(yè)單據(jù)、提取貨物，待遠期匯票到期時再付清貨款。Letter of CreditDef:A L/C is a conditional written undertaking given by bank on the request of an importer to pay at sight or at determinable future date a certain amount of money to the exporter against stipulated documents, provided that the terms and conditions

18、of the credit are complied with.信用證之所以復雜，其原因是因為信用證涉及的法律上主體較一般的合同要多得多。一張信用證至少涉及三個主體：開證申請人、開證行、受益人*L/C belongs to bankers credit while collection belongs to commercial credit. 信用證屬于銀行信用，而托收屬于商業(yè)信用。*Based on the sales contract, but once opened, L/C is independent from the sales contract. 一經(jīng)開出，信用證就成為獨立于買

19、賣合同之外的另一種契約，不受買賣合同的約束。*In L/C business, banks are only bound by the credit, and make payment against documents which are fully in conformity with the credit. 信用證交易中，銀行受信用證條款約束，僅憑與信用證規(guī)定相符單據(jù)付款。*就性質而言，信用證與可能作為其依據(jù)的銷售合同或其它合同，是相互獨立的交易。即使信用證中提及該合同，銀行亦與該合同完全無關，且不受其約束。 Wordlist:Negotiating bank 議付行（是根據(jù)開證行在議付

20、信用證中的授權，買進受益人提交的匯票和單據(jù)的銀行）Paying bank 付款行（是信用證上被開證行指明須履行付款責任的銀行,一般為開證行本身或開證行的代理行）Reimbursing bank償付行（是受開證行指示或由開證行授權，對信用證的付款行，承兌行、保兌行或議付行進行付款的銀行）Confirming bank保兌行（是應開證行或信用證受益人的請求, 在開證行的付款保證之外對信用證進行保證付款的銀行）Applicant/opener: always the importer; Beneficiary: always the exporter;Opening/issuing bank: th

21、e one which issues a letter of credit at the request of an applicant to the beneficiary; Advising/notifying bank: the corresponding bank of the issuing bank or its head office or subsidiary located in the exporters countryDocumentary Credit & Clean Credit 跟單信用證和光票信用證Sight L/C & Time L/C 即期信用

22、證和遠期信用證Irrevocable L/C 不可撤銷信用證Confirmed L/C & Unconfirmed L/C 保兌信用證和不保兌信用證Basic steps of L/C:1）Issuance：describes the process of the buyers applying for and opening a documentary credit at the issuing bank and the opening banks formal notification of the seller through the advising bank.2）Examin

23、e and amendment: After receiving the buyers L/C, the seller should examine and verify it in contrast with the contract. The content of L/C must be consistent with the contract. If there is any discrepancy, amendments are necessary. To amend the L/C, both parties and the issuing bank must agree. The

24、beneficiary must give notification of acceptance or rejection of the amendment to the advising bank.3）Utilization: describes the procedure for the sellers shipping of the goods, the transfer of documents from the seller to the buyer through the banks, and the transfer of payment from the buyer to th

25、e seller through the banks.Types of L/C1）Documentary Credit & Clean Credit 跟單信用證和光票信用證Clean Credit：光票信用證是開證行僅憑不隨附單據(jù)的匯票付款的信用證。Documentary Credit：跟單信用證指憑匯票連同規(guī)定貨運單據(jù)或僅憑規(guī)定的貨運單據(jù)付款的信用證。*“單”： 指代表貨物所有權或證明貨物已裝運的貨運單據(jù)， 比如運輸單據(jù)、商業(yè)發(fā)票、商檢證書、海關發(fā)票、產地證、裝箱單等。2）Sight L/C & Time L/C 即期信用證和遠期信用證Sight L/C : 開證行或付款行見

26、受益人提交的符合信用證條款的單據(jù)和即期匯票（有時可不附即期匯票）即付貨款的信用證。Time L/C: 開證行或其指定的付款行收到受益人開來的遠期匯票或單據(jù)以后， 并不立即付款，而是先行承兌，等匯票到期日再行付款的信用證。3）Irrevocable L/C 不可撤銷信用證4）Confirmed L/C & Unconfirmed L/C 保兌信用證和不保兌信用證Confirmed L/C : 開證行在出口商的要求之下，開立信用證之后，要求另一家出口地銀行， 對該信用證進行保兌，即承諾如果開證行不能付款的情況下對信用證進行支付。5） Acceptance L/C承兌信用證6） Negotiation L/C 議付信用證7）Transferable L/C and Non-transferable L/C可轉讓信用證和不可轉讓信用證 8） Revolving L/C 循環(huán)信用證9） Reciprocal L/C 對開信用證10） Back to Back