非謂語動詞的用法詳解

1、 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞有3種：不定式，動名詞和分詞。不 定 式不定式由 “to do”構(gòu)成，其否定式 “not to do”。不定式可帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語， 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有語態(tài)的變化，不定式可作主，賓，定，狀，補，表，不能單獨作謂語。一. 不定式的用法1 作主語 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking.2 作表語 My job is to teach English.3 作賓語 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. 常見用不定式作賓語的動詞:want,

2、 wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up ones mind, be determined4 作補語 He asked me to open the door. 常見用不定式作賓補的動詞: advise, allow, p

3、ermit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, considerpractice: * 在感官動詞feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役動詞make, let, have等后的補語中， 不定式不帶to， 但這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時， 就必須帶to I often hear him sing the

4、song. He is often heard to sing the song.5 作定語 He is looking for a room to live in. Theres nothing to worry about. 不定式作定語的用法： 6 作狀語 I came here to see you. (表目的) in order to / so as to We were excited to hear the news. （表原因） He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.（表結(jié)果7 疑問詞+不定式，在句中起名詞作用

5、，可作主，賓，表 He didnt know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start.8 作插入語 To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start with to make matters worse to be brief二 不定式的時態(tài)，語態(tài)1 一般式：表示的動作與謂語動作同時或在它之后發(fā)生 He pretended not t

6、o know me when I met him in the street.2 進行式：表示動作發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在發(fā)生 He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom. 3 完成式：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year. 主 動被 動一般式to do to be done進行式to be doing /完成式to have done to have been doneThe flowers need to

7、be watered.A railway is said to be being built now.No harm seems to have been done.四 不定式的省略為避免重復(fù)可用to來代替前面的不定式，常出現(xiàn)在下列動詞后expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try 或出現(xiàn)在be glad, be happy, would like/love后 eg: I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. - Would you come to the party?- Id l

8、ove to, but 如果在省略不定式中含有be, have, have been 等系動詞或助動詞，這些詞要保留。 eg: - Are you on holiday?- No, but Id like to be. - I didnt tell him the news. - Oh, you ought to have.動 名 詞動名詞由動詞+ing構(gòu)成，具有動詞和名詞性質(zhì)，其否定式在前加not, 在句中起名詞的作用，可作主，賓，表，定語。一 動名詞的作用1 作主語 Seeing is believing. Choosing what to eat is not as easy as be

9、fore. There is no joking about such serious matters. It is no use / good doing sth. 動名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別 Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一次具體動作）2 作表語 : My job is teaching.3 作賓語 I like swimming. He is fond of playing football.* 下列動詞或動詞短語之后只接動名詞作賓語（不接不定式作賓語） ad

10、vise, allow, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考慮), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep mind, miss(錯過), practice, permit, risk, resist, suggest, cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(無法忍受), give up, feel like, put off, be busy, keep on, insist on, look forward to, stick to, d

11、evote to, get down to, be used to, object to, have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good time (in) 下列動詞后可跟動名詞作賓語，也可跟不定式作賓語，但意義不同。 forget remember regret go on stop cant help try mean 4 作定語 He has a reading room.二 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1 一般式： 動名詞的動作沒有明確表示是與謂語動作同時還是在其前發(fā)生時Were interested in playing chess.His comin

12、g will be of great help to us.2 完成式：如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前，用完成式 Im sorry for not having kept my promise.主 動被 動一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left alone. The house showed no sign of having been damaged.動名詞的主動形式表被動意義 be worth doingneed/ wan

13、t/ require/ deserve doing stand/ bear doing三 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的邏輯主語一般是和句子的主語一致，但也有不一致的情況。如果不一致，則要在動名詞前加上其邏輯主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。* 若動名詞作主語時，其邏輯主語用物主代詞或名詞的所有格。His coming made me very happy.Peters coming made me very happy. 分 詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成v +ing, 過去分詞為v +ed。其否定式在其前加not, 分詞句中可作定，狀，補，表。一 分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)過去分詞無時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化

14、現(xiàn)在分詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化主 動被 動一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done一般式表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生Being a student, he was interested in books.The question being discussed is important.完成式表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Min

15、g gave up smoking.二 分詞的作用1 作定語We cant drink the polluted water. the water polluted by the wasteThe man standing by the window is our teacher. e.g boiling water falling leaves boiled water fallen leaves 2 作表語 The news is inspiring. The glass is broken.3 作補語 常用的動詞為感官動詞：feel, hear, listen to, see, watc

16、h, look at, observe, notice使役動詞：have, make, let We saw the teacher doing the experiment. (see sb. do 區(qū)別) He tried to make himself understood. 4. 作狀語 Being a student, I must study hard. (原因) While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (時間)（相當于狀語從句的省略） “Cant you read?” He said angrily, pointi

17、ng to the notice. (伴隨) The accident happened, killing three.(結(jié)果) Taken 3 times a day, the medicine will have a good effect. (條件) （五）分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the roo

18、m. 基本練習題：1、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, _ that all children like these things.A thinking B think C to think D thought2、 There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A add B to add C adding D added3、 I cant stand _ with J

19、ane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A working; stopping B to work; stoppingC working; to stop D to work; to stop4、 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A unsatisfied B unsatisfying C to be satisfying D being s

20、atisfied5、 No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed6、 _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.A Having made B Make C To make D Making7、 If you think that treating a woman w

21、ell means always _ her permission for things, think again.A gets B got C to get D getting8、 As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using9、 It took a long time for the connection b

22、etween body temperature and illness _.A to make B to be made C making D being made10、 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A hold B holding C held D to be held11、 _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C Facing D To face12、 AIDS

23、is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have been13、 Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A do B to do C doing D and doing14、 Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A John has taken

24、 an extra job B the boss has given John an extra jobC an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John15、 He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A to tell B to be told C telling D told16、 Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a titl

25、e_ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A being given B is given C given D was given17、 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost18、 The bird flu _ t

26、hrough Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_ 16.A sweeps; killed B swept; killing C sweeping; to kill D sweeping; killing19、 The man _ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.A being suspected B suspecting C suspected D to be suspected20、 The students entered the classroom, smiling and _ , and _ down to have their lessons.A talked; sat B talking; sitting C talking; sat D talked; sitting Have you ever heard of an American p