it做形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的用法 (1)

1、The use of “it”(I)He found it difficult to stop smoking I think it best that you should do more exercise.She thought it no good worrying about himIt作形式賓語(yǔ)代替不定式、動(dòng)詞代替不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)、或從句。短語(yǔ)、或從句。1.It 用作形式賓語(yǔ)用作形式賓語(yǔ) 當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用保持平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it

2、it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it it只起引導(dǎo)作用，無(wú)意義只起引導(dǎo)作用，無(wú)意義。S + v + it+adj.n(for sb) to do sth.從句從句doing sth+ find possible1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause. feel important Sentence patterns:Sentence patterns:形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ) a rule2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to

3、 do sth. /clause an honour 3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use 完成句子（1） They _（發(fā)覺(jué)難） to finish their work in two days. （2） We _（認(rèn)為是我們的職責(zé)） to clean our classroom every day. （3） It is important _（對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)） to come to the party. found it difficultthink it our dutyfor her 作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)( Preparatory Subje

4、ct )為了記憶方便我們把該句型總結(jié)為為了記憶方便我們把該句型總結(jié)為6123結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)。 6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find, consider,feel； 1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it； 2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 或從句?；驈木?。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important lear

5、ning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 1.The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country .(2010.遼寧） A. So B. much C. that D. it 2. The doctor thought _would be good for to have a holiday .（2010.全國(guó)II) A. this B .tha

6、t C . one D . It 3. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET90)A. this B. that C. its D. it4.It 作形式賓語(yǔ)的特殊用法n1. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等等 后后往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；必須先由必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ)擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ),再接從句再接從句.We would much appreciate it if you c

7、ould do us that favour.要是你們能幫我們這個(gè)忙，我們將非常感激。要是你們能幫我們這個(gè)忙，我們將非常感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to finish the work.要是我不必完成那項(xiàng)工作，那就太好要是我不必完成那項(xiàng)工作，那就太好了。了。n2.某些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如某些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如see to, depend on, answer for, rely on, insist on, look to, stick to 等結(jié)構(gòu)中等結(jié)構(gòu)中往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；必須先由必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ)擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ),再再接從句接從句.Ill s

8、ee to it that everything is ready in time.我將負(fù)責(zé)按時(shí)做好一切準(zhǔn)備。我將負(fù)責(zé)按時(shí)做好一切準(zhǔn)備。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，湯姆會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的。你放心，湯姆會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的。)Im counting on it that you will come. 我指望著你會(huì)來(lái)。我指望著你會(huì)來(lái)。1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004) A. this B.

9、 that C. it D. one2. I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98) A. it B. that C. these D. themIt is amazing that at my age I am still fit .It is easy to become addicted to smoking .it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收) It 作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)代替不定式、動(dòng)詞代替不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)、或從句。短語(yǔ)、或從句。2. It 用作形式主語(yǔ)用

10、作形式主語(yǔ) 當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。本身無(wú)詞義。It be +adjnp.p(for/of sb) to do sth主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句doing sth+ 1. It+ be +adj.+主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 這是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。這是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的一種

11、結(jié)構(gòu)。It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not. 注意：注意：如若形容詞為如若形容詞為 important / necessary， good/wrong natural.表達(dá)一種要求，命令或者責(zé)備時(shí)，多使用虛表達(dá)一種要求，命令或者責(zé)備時(shí)，多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（擬語(yǔ)氣（should +V).但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。 不過(guò)考試建議你還是多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣不過(guò)考試建議你還是多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣It is i

12、mportant that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2. It + be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句，這類過(guò)去分詞有：這類過(guò)去分詞有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，等， 如：如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not dec

13、ided who will give the operation to the patient. It is said that he has come to Beijing. 注意：注意：如果如果主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞如：等詞如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded. 等時(shí)等時(shí) that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以?。豢梢允?；常譯為，常譯為，“據(jù)建議；有命令）據(jù)建議；有命令） It is sugges

14、ted that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 3. It + be + 名詞詞組名詞詞組 + 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句這類名詞有：這類名詞有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come

15、or not. 注意：如若表示出乎意料之意時(shí)注意：如若表示出乎意料之意時(shí),從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣常譯為常譯為“竟竟然然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 4. It + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 這類不及物動(dòng)詞有：這類不及物動(dòng)詞有：appear,seem happen，matter等。譯為好像等。譯為好像/碰巧碰巧/如：如：nIt seemed that he didnt tell the truth.

16、nIt happened that I was out when he called.n5. It + be + 形容詞形容詞 + （for sb.）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 這類句型常用形容詞這類句型常用形容詞easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作等作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加for sb，譯為，譯為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事怎么樣做某事怎么樣”如：如：Its necessary for the young to master two foreign

17、 language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.n6. It + be + 形容詞形容詞 + of sb. + 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 這類形容詞常是表示這類形容詞常是表示心理品質(zhì)心理品質(zhì),性格特征的形容詞性格特征的形容詞，如：如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和等。某人和這些形容詞可以構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：這些形容詞可以構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：nIts very kind of you

18、 to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me.nIt seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.v7. It + be +名詞詞組名詞詞組 + 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞不定式，如：如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名詞或形容詞名詞或形容詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞，這類名

19、詞和形容詞常常是：這類名詞和形容詞常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.l9. It + take ( sb. )+ 時(shí)間（金錢）時(shí)間（金錢）+ 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞不定式，譯為，做某事花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多少錢。如：譯為，做某事花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多少錢。如：It took the workers almost three yea

20、rs to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)高考真題高考真題1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it2. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It 3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A. everyone B. this C. her D. it4. _ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. It B. I C.