2013高考英語考點(diǎn)語法單選超級(jí)歸納八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、i2013高考英語考點(diǎn)語法單選超級(jí)歸納：八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問式簡(jiǎn)答式can能力（體 力，智 力， 技 能）允許或 許可（口 語中常用）可能性 （表猜 測(cè)，用于否定句 或疑問 句中）can not / cannot /cant doCan ,do,?Yes,ca n. No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（問 句中 表示 請(qǐng)求） 可能，或 許（表推測(cè)）祝愿（用 于倒裝 句中）may not doMay,do,?Yes,may.No,mustnt/cantmightmight not doMight,do,?Yes,might

2、 No,might not.must必須，應(yīng) 該（表主 觀要求） 肯定，想 必（肯定句 中 表推測(cè)）must not/mustnt doMust,do,? to.Yes,must.No,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不 得不（客 觀的必 須，有時(shí)態(tài)和人 稱的變 化）dont have to doDo,have to do,?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表 示義務(wù) 責(zé)任，口 語中多 用should）oughtnotto/oughtnt to doOught,to do,?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall用于一 三人稱 征求對(duì)

3、方意見 用于二三人稱 表示許 諾、 命 令、警shall not/shant doShall,do,?Yes,shall. No,shant.2告、威脅等shoul d應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng) 該（表義 務(wù)責(zé)任）本該 （含有責(zé)備 意味）shouldnot/shouldn t doShould,do,?will意愿，決 心請(qǐng)求，建 議，用在 問句中would 比 較委婉will not/won t doWill/Would ,do, ?Yes,will. No,won t.wouldwould not/wouldn t dodare敢（常用 于否定 句和疑問句中）dare not/daren t doDare,

4、do,?Yes,dare. No,daren t.n eed需要，必 須（常用 于否定 句和疑 問句中）need not/needn t doNeed,do,?Yes,must. No,needn t.used to過去常 常（現(xiàn)在 已不再）usednot/usedn t/usen t tododidn t use to doUsed,to do,? Did,useto do,?Yes,used. No,use(d)n t.Yes,did. No,didn t.II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)表 示“ 能 力、許 可”的can 和may表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/couldA computerthin

5、k for itself; it musA.cantB.mustntC.may no表示許可時(shí)用 may/might ,ca n/could都可以，但在問句中用 could,?或 might, ？ 以使口氣委婉 客氣，其回答一定要用 can 或 may,以使回答口氣 明確（must 表示一疋，必須，mustnt表示禁止， 不許可）。1一 Could I call you by your first namA.will B.could C.may D.mig2Johnny, youplay with the knife,yA. won t/can tB.mustn t/mC.shouldn t/

6、mustD.can t/shou在肯定句中 could 不可以用來表示過去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力，而要用 was/were able to 。The fire spread through the hotel very every oneget out.A.had to B.wouldC.could表 示“ 推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may 表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性。Petercome with us toni ght, butheA.mustB.mayC.ca n而 can 表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Mary is in poor

7、health. She can be ill在否定句中只能用 can 和 may。所以 cant時(shí)用以 代替mustn t，語氣比 may 更肯疋。中文可以翻譯 為不可能。Michaelbe a policeman, for hesA.needntB.cantC.should在疑問句只能用 can，不能用 may 和 must。He may be very busy now.Can he bHe must be very busy now.Can hen eedneed 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。daredare 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩種形式：dare 和 dared兩個(gè)詞

8、形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可 以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out.I ddare say.注意:He does nt dare(to)a nswer the que3Does she dare(to)e nter the dark room?(shall用于第一人稱：征求對(duì)方的意見。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。You shall fail if you don t work hardeHe shall have the book whe n

9、 1 finish reHe shall be puni shed.威脅should勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。You should(ought to) go to class rightI should(ought to) help him because hewill/would請(qǐng)求、建議，would 比 will 委婉客氣。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。I will n ever do that aga in.They asked us if we would do that aga inwould 可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種

10、傾向。During the vacation he would visit me eThe wound would not heal.(傷口老是不冃能would 表示估計(jì)或猜想。It would be about ten whe n he left homeWhat would she be doing there?情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞+havedone 的用法could+have done :本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。You could have done better, but you didcann ot+ have done：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去仃為的否疋 推測(cè)。He cannot have bee

11、n to that tow n.can+主語+ have done：表示對(duì)過去仃為的懷疑或不 肯定(用在疑冋句中)。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have do ne：對(duì)過去發(fā)生的仃為不太肯 定的推測(cè)。He may not have fini shed the work. If we had taken the other road, we mightmust+ have done :對(duì)過去發(fā)生的仃為肯疋的推測(cè)。 其否疋式為： cannot have done。You must have see n the film. You cannot have

12、see n the film.needn t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又 做了。You needn t have watered the flowers,fo 注意：didn t need to(have to)do:沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做I didn t n eed to clean the windows.My ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際 上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻 發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but yoShe shouldn t have tak

13、en away my measu for Iworked to use it.注意： He should have fini shed the work虛擬語氣類另 U用 法例 句If 引導(dǎo)的 條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相 反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be 用 were)主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would h與過去事實(shí)相 反從句動(dòng)詞：had+do ne主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+do neIf I had bee n free,I would與將來事實(shí)相 反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式 /should

14、+動(dòng)詞原形/were+to do主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, w省略 if 的 虛擬條件 句將虛擬條件從句中的 were , had,should 放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂 倒裝1Should he come ,tell him2Were I you,I would not do3Had I been free,I would h4混合虛擬 條件句不同時(shí)間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則1If he had liste ned to me troublenow.2If he had told me yesterd

15、 to donow.3If I were you, I would haveparty.虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則1He could have passed thecareful eno ugh.2You should have come eamome nt ago.含畜虛擬 條件句but for+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞 的形式視具體情況而定。這 是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最 佳試題。-But for your timely warnintrouble.-You know we re friends.A. would getB. muC. would have got D. c

16、without+名詞表示虛擬條件Without the air to hold some earthat ni ght would be fre動(dòng)詞不疋式表示虛擬條件It would be only partly right 如果用這種方式，僅僅對(duì)了一半現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Havi ng known in time ,we migaccide nt.要是及時(shí)得知的話， 故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件Given more attention, the t better.如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以副詞 otherwise 表示虛擬條件I was too busy at that time.Ocalle

17、d you.我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則連詞 but 連接的句子表示虛擬條件Hefatter but he eatsA. would becomeB. wouC. must becomeD. mus其它 狀語從句as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用did 或 had + done 或would /could /might + do。注意：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)：It sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.從他

18、談話的樣子來看他是醉了。1與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反He talks as if he knew wher2與過去事實(shí)相反He talks about Romeas if he3與將來事實(shí)相反He ope ned his mouth as if hein order that/so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用can/could/may/might/ would 等 +doTurn on the light so that w賓語從句dema nd, suggest, order, in sist 后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為 should+doHe suggested that we not chwish 后的從句中分別用過去式，過去元成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反I wish I could be a pop sinI wish I would have gone to主語從句在 It is necessary / important / strange that,It