人教版高一英語必修三Unit-4全套課件

1、2021/3/271Lead-inLead-inThe background picture is the whole cosmoskzms/universe (宇宙宇宙).What do you know about it?2021/3/272Its the Galaxy(銀河系銀河系).2021/3/273Theyre planets(行星行星) and stars(恒星恒星).2021/3/274Its the black hole.2021/3/275Its the solar system. Can you enumeratenju:mret(列舉列舉) the planets?,2

2、021/3/276History of the Universe2021/3/277Unit 4Unit 42021/3/278Physics Physics ChemistryChemistryBiologyBiologyGeology Geology MathematicsMathematicsMedicineMedicineBiochemistryBiochemistryGeophysicsGeophysicsAstronomyAstronomyWarming upWarming up2021/3/279Hawking and his theories2021/3/2710Can you

3、 name them in English?2021/3/2711Mercurym:kjriVenusvinsEarthMarsJupiterdu:pt(r)Saturnst:nUranusjrnsNeptuneneptju:nPlutoplu:tuThe SunThe Solar System2021/3/2712A Black Hole2021/3/2713The Moon2021/3/2714The Big Bang2021/3/2715Atom2021/3/2716The Globe Our Earth2021/3/2717Atmosphere (大氣層大氣層)2021/3/2718R

4、eading Reading 1. Fast Reading, and analyze its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.2021/3/2719Answer key for question 1:Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Paragraph 2: The formation of water for life.Paragraph 3: The importance of water for

5、life.Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth.Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.2021/3/27203. Detailed Reading: Read the text loudly for a second time and then complete the fills in the following pictures according to the evolution(進(jìn)化進(jìn)化,演變演變) ord

6、er of life on the earth.123456782021/3/2721Answer key for question 3:1) small plants in water2) shellfish and all sorts of fish3) green plants on land4) insects (on land)5) amphibians (on land and in water)6) forests7) reptiles (on land)8) dinosaurs (on land)9) mammals (on land)2021/3/2722天文學(xué)天文學(xué) n.

7、n. Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.1. astronomy1. astronomy相關(guān)短語相關(guān)短語radar astronomy 雷達(dá)天文學(xué)雷達(dá)天文學(xué) radio astronomy 電波電波( (無線電無線電) )天文學(xué)天文學(xué) 2021/3/27232. star2. star(1)名詞名詞 (pl. stars)1）星星, ,恒星恒星;(;(日、月等日、月等) )天體天體; ;星形物星形物; ; 2）星號星號;(;(表示等級等的表示等級

8、等的) )星級星級; ;星形勛章星形勛章, 如如: While in Taipei she stayed at a four star hotel. 她在臺北逗留期間住在一家四星級旅館。她在臺北逗留期間住在一家四星級旅館。 3）命運命運; ;星象星象 4）( (電影、體育等的電影、體育等的) )明星明星, ,杰出人物杰出人物 His wish to become a football star has come true. 他想當(dāng)足球明星的愿望實現(xiàn)了。他想當(dāng)足球明星的愿望實現(xiàn)了。 2021/3/2724(2)動詞（及物）動詞（及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1

9、）用星形物裝飾用星形物裝飾 2）用星號標(biāo)出用星號標(biāo)出 3）使成明星使成明星, ,由由.主演主演 Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin. 昨天我們看了一部查理昨天我們看了一部查理卓別林主演的電影。卓別林主演的電影。 3. 動詞（不及物）動詞（不及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1）當(dāng)明星當(dāng)明星, ,主演主演。如。如:She has starred in some thirty films. 她主演過大約她主演過大約30部影片。部影片。 star star2021/3/27252）表現(xiàn)出色表現(xiàn)出色 。如。如

10、:He didnt star at that job. 那份工作他干得并不出色。那份工作他干得并不出色。 (4) 形容詞形容詞 1）星的星的; ;星形的星形的 2）明星的明星的, ,主角的主角的 3）出色的出色的, ,優(yōu)秀的。優(yōu)秀的。如如:Tony is the star player on our team. 托尼是我隊的主力。托尼是我隊的主力。 star star2021/3/27263. globe3. globe（1） 名詞名詞 (pl. globes)1) 球球; ;球狀物球狀物 2) 地球儀地球儀; ;地球地球。如。如:This plant can grow in many par

11、ts of the globe. 這這種植物能在地球上的許多地方生長。種植物能在地球上的許多地方生長。 3) 眼球眼球 （2） 動詞（不及物）動詞（不及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 成球狀成球狀 （3） 動詞（及物）動詞（及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 使成球狀使成球狀 2021/3/2727 Then are you clear now about the evolution of life?2021/3/2728When the dust settled into a solid globe, the earth was so v

12、iolent.2021/3/27294.6 billion years ago3 billion years ago540 million years ago250 million years ago65million years agoThe Evolution of Life on the earthi:vlu:nplzkmeszksi:nzuik2021/3/27302021/3/2731Shellfish2021/3/2732Amphibian2021/3/2733Reptile Dinosaur2021/3/27342021/3/2735Primitive(原始的原始的) Peopl

13、e2021/3/27361 1. What it was to become . What it was to become was was uncertainuncertain ( (when the dust when the dust settled into a solid globesettled into a solid globe) ). .be to dobe to do的用法的用法(1)be to do.用于第一人稱疑問句中用于第一人稱疑問句中,表示征求對方意見。表示征求對方意見。如如:Am I to go on with the work?要我繼續(xù)這項工作嗎要我繼續(xù)這項工作

14、嗎?What are we to do next？我們下一步該怎么辦？我們下一步該怎么辦？ (2)表示按約定、計劃表示按約定、計劃,或即將發(fā)生的動作或即將發(fā)生的動作,這是將來時的一這是將來時的一種用法。如種用法。如:They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at 10 am. tomorrow.他們約定明天上午他們約定明天上午10點一起去看這位老師。點一起去看這位老師。bebe2021/3/2737We are to meet at the station at four this afternoon. 我們今天下午我們今天下午4點在車站見

15、面。點在車站見面。 (3)表示必須或應(yīng)該表示必須或應(yīng)該,在意義上等于在意義上等于must,should,ought to 或或have to。如如:You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.你們必須在今天下午五點以前完成這項任務(wù)。你們必須在今天下午五點以前完成這項任務(wù)。This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 這種藥一天要服三次。這種藥一天要服三次。 (4)用來表示注定要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。用來表示注定要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。如如:His theory was to

16、 change the views on the universe. 2021/3/27381. It 1. It explodedexploded loudly with fire and rock, loudly with fire and rock, which were which were in timein time to produce carbon, to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to ma

17、ke the earths which were to make the earths atmosphere.atmosphere.loud, aloud, loudly 這三個副詞詞義很接近這三個副詞詞義很接近,但含義有所不同。但含義有所不同。 aloud 的意思是的意思是“出聲地、高聲地出聲地、高聲地”,強調(diào)能讓人強調(diào)能讓人聽得見。如聽得見。如: Read aloud so that we can all hear you. 讀大點讀大點聲聲,以便我們大家都能聽見你。以便我們大家都能聽見你。 They are shouting aloud. 他們在大聲感叫。他們在大聲感叫。 2021/3/

18、2739loud 意思是意思是“大聲地、高聲地、響亮地大聲地、高聲地、響亮地”,強調(diào)聲音響亮。強調(diào)聲音響亮。常與動詞常與動詞speak, talk, say, laugh等連用。等連用。如如: Dont talk so loud. 講話聲音不要這么大。講話聲音不要這么大。 Facts speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。事實勝于雄辯。loudly 的意思是的意思是“高聲地高聲地”,有時可與有時可與loud通用通用,但含有但含有“喧鬧喧鬧”的意味。的意味。如如: Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人在大聲敲門。有人在大聲敲門。

19、Dont talk so loudly/loud. 說話聲音不要這么大。說話聲音不要這么大。 在現(xiàn)代英語中有時在并不喧鬧的場合也用在現(xiàn)代英語中有時在并不喧鬧的場合也用loudly. 如如: Will you please read the text loudly? 你能不能大聲讀你能不能大聲讀這篇課文這篇課文? 2021/3/2740explodeexplode1)1)（使某物）炸開（使某物）炸開, ,爆炸爆炸。如如: :The firework explodedexploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously. 2021/3/27412)2)（指感

20、情）激發(fā)（指感情）激發(fā)。如如: : I was frightened when she exploded exploded into loud laughter. 3)3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加（指人口）突然或迅速增加。如如: :Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding exploding population. explosion n.n. 爆炸（聲）爆炸（聲） explosive adj.adj. 爆炸性的爆炸性的, ,易爆炸的易爆炸的 n.n. 炸藥炸藥, ,爆爆炸物炸物in timein time (for sth(for

21、sth. ./to do sth/to do sth. .):): 最終最終; ;及時及時, ,如如She will be back in timein time to prepare dinner. 她會及時趕回來準(zhǔn)備晚飯。她會及時趕回來準(zhǔn)備晚飯。2021/3/27423. What many science believe is 3. What many science believe is that the continued presence of that the continued presence of water water allowedallowed the earth t

22、o the earth to dissolve gases and acids which dissolve gases and acids which are harmful toare harmful to the plants into the the plants into the oceans and seas.oceans and seas.allow v. 允許、許可、容許允許、許可、容許allow + n ./ pron. / doing allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth.2021/3/27432.2.continuous 連續(xù)

23、不斷的（強調(diào)一個動作沒有間連續(xù)不斷的（強調(diào)一個動作沒有間斷過）斷過）continual 反復(fù)的反復(fù)的,頻繁的（強調(diào)一個動作在頻繁的（強調(diào)一個動作在某個時期反復(fù)出現(xiàn)）某個時期反復(fù)出現(xiàn)）continued和和continuing可以互換可以互換,都表示都表示“連續(xù)不斷的連續(xù)不斷的”“”“繼續(xù)不變的繼續(xù)不變的”,但是它們只能用但是它們只能用于名詞前。于名詞前?？偟膩碚f，其差異正逐漸消失，特別是總的來說，其差異正逐漸消失，特別是continual亦含有亦含有continuous相同的意義，尤指不相同的意義，尤指不愉快的事愉快的事:Life was a continual struggle for th

24、em. 生活對他們來說是不斷的掙扎。生活對他們來說是不斷的掙扎。 2021/3/2744Present1 presence n.出席出席,到場到場,存在存在形容詞形容詞 a. 1.出席的出席的,在場的在場的How many people were present at the meeting? 到會的有多少人到會的有多少人? 2.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的當(dāng)前的Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我對目前的情況一點都不滿意。我對目前的情況一點都不滿意。 2021/3/2745名詞名詞 n. 1.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,目前目前There is n

25、o time like the present. 機(jī)不可失機(jī)不可失,時不再來。時不再來。 present2名詞名詞 n. 1.禮物禮物,贈品贈品CHe often gave his neighbors kids little presents. 他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。 2021/3/2746Present3 presentation n.授予授予,頒發(fā)頒發(fā),呈現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn)及物動詞及物動詞 vt. 1.贈送贈送,呈獻(xiàn)呈獻(xiàn)(+to/with)They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花。他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花

26、。 2.引起引起(問題問題),造成造成(困難困難)(+to/with)All this presented new safety problems. 所有這些都造成了新的安全問題。所有這些都造成了新的安全問題。 2021/3/27473.提出提出,提交提交,呈遞呈遞(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the conference. 會上提出了大約三百篇論文。會上提出了大約三百篇論文。 4.呈現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn);描述描述;出示出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted. 雖然憂心忡忡雖然憂

27、心忡忡,但他還得露出一副笑容。但他還得露出一副笑容。 2021/3/2748My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time. 父親不允許在家里吸煙。實際上父親不允許在家里吸煙。實際上,他不允許他不允許我們在任何地方任何時候吸煙。我們在任何地方任何時候吸煙。Are we allowed to use the computer?我們可以用電腦么我們可以用電腦么?be harmful to 對對有害有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. ha

28、rm 傷害某人傷害某人,對某人對某人有害處有害處 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm. 2021/3/27494. They produced young 4. They produced young generally generally by laying by laying eggs.eggs.Its generally believed that一般認(rèn)為一般認(rèn)為generally speaking 一般而言一般而言,概括來說概括來說 1) Its gene

29、rally believed that girls work harder than boys do. 2) Generally speaking, women cry more easily than men. by doing用于說明做某事的手段、方式。用于說明做某事的手段、方式。如如:I dont think she can help him by just giving him money. 我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。2021/3/27505. They are putting too much 5. They are putting too much

30、 carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which atmosphere, which preventsprevents heat heat from escapingfrom escaping from the earth into from the earth into space. space. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 : :prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 1) We m

31、ust prevent them from making trouble. 2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself. If nothing prevents, 如果沒有什么阻礙的話如果沒有什么阻礙的話 , , 2021/3/27516. Whether life will continue on the 6. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come earth for millions of years to come will

32、 will depend ondepend on whether this whether this problem can be solved. problem can be solved. depend on : 相信相信, ,信賴信賴, , 依靠依靠, ,依賴依賴, , 視視而定而定, ,取決于取決于 Depend on it. 沒問題沒問題,請放心（句末或句首）請放心（句末或句首） That /It (all) depends. 那得看情況而定那得看情況而定. . 1) Depend on it, youll succeed. 2) He may support me, but it

33、depends . 2021/3/2752賓語從句可以分為三類(1).動詞的賓語從句1.1大多數(shù)位于動詞后面Eg:Ihopeyoucanjoinusinthegame.1.2有些是“動詞+副詞”后Findout/pointout/figureout/turnout/figureoutEg:Canyoufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeansinthispoem?1.3有些動詞短語后面Makesure/makeuponesmind/keepinmindEg;weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanbeagreatboosttoourhealth.202

34、1/3/2753(2)it作形式賓語代替賓語從句第一類動詞;find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess/suppose/assume等后面有賓語不足語時,需要用it作形式賓語而將that引導(dǎo)的真正的賓語從句后置。Eg:Ithinkitnecessarythatwedosomesporting.第二類動詞帶賓語從句時需要在從句前面加it。這類詞:hate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/seeto/Eg:Ihateitwhentheytalkwithoutconsideringothersfeeling.2021/3/

35、27547. I 7. I cheered upcheered up immediately and immediately and floated weightlessly around in our floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin spaceship cabin watchingwatching the the earth earth become become smaller and the smaller and the moon larger.moon larger.cheer up 歡呼歡呼;喝彩喝彩;感到高興感

36、到高興;使高興。使高興。如如:The crowd cheered up when they saw the teams arrive. 觀眾看到運動隊進(jìn)場時歡聲雷動。觀眾看到運動隊進(jìn)場時歡聲雷動。He took her to the concert to cheer her up. 為使她高興起來為使她高興起來,他帶她去聽音樂會。他帶她去聽音樂會。Astronomerstrnm(r)astronautstrn:t2021/3/2755watch do /doing 觀看觀看;注視。注視。 如如:We watched the sun setting behind the trees. Eveni

37、ng fell. 我們看著太陽一點點地落我們看著太陽一點點地落在樹后在樹后,夜幕降臨了。夜幕降臨了。Every day as they watched the plant grow, their hearts were filled with hope. 他們每天他們每天都在觀察這棵植物生長都在觀察這棵植物生長,心里充滿了希望。心里充滿了希望。Weigh1.表示“稱的重量”,是及物動詞,如:Heweighedthefish.他稱了這條魚.Doyouoftenweighyourself?你經(jīng)常稱體重嗎?2.表示“重(多少)”,是不及物動詞Heweighs60kilos.他體重60公斤.Theme

38、atweighsfivepounds.這肉重五磅.2021/3/27562.比較byweight/inweight:前者表示“按重量”,后者表示“重量上”.如:Dotheychargecarriagebyweight?他們是按重量收取運費嗎?Itssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它體積比較小,但分量比較重.3.對重量提問,特殊疑問詞用Howmuch?orHowheavy?Whatistheweightof.Howmuchitweighs?What=howmuchdoyouweigh?Whatistheweightofthebaby?2021/3/2757倍數(shù)的表

39、達(dá)方式共:四種1.表示“幾倍大?。ㄩL短;數(shù)量）”,由“倍數(shù)+thesize（length,amount）”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如:Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大.2.表示“比大幾倍”,由“倍數(shù)+形容詞（副詞）比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如:Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個盒子比那個盒子大三倍.Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%.2021/3/27583.表示“是倍”,由“倍數(shù)+as+形容

40、詞+as+”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如:Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.我們的工廠是他們的三倍.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多.注一倍用once,兩倍用twice.4、還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍.Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍.2021/3/27599. We watched, 9. We watched, amazed amazed as as fire fire broke outbroke out on the outs

41、ide of the on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity spaceship as the earths gravity increased.increased. 此處的此處的amazed是過去分詞作狀語。過去是過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞經(jīng)常可以作狀語分詞經(jīng)?？梢宰鳡钫Z,這是一種特定用法。這是一種特定用法。如如:He came in unnoticed. 他神不知鬼不覺地走了進(jìn)來。他神不知鬼不覺地走了進(jìn)來。Many heroes lie buried in the churchyard.許多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。許多英雄埋

42、葬在教堂的墓地里。 break out （戰(zhàn)爭（戰(zhàn)爭,爭吵爭吵,疾病等）爆發(fā)。疾病等）爆發(fā)。如如:A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight. 半夜，（他們）突然大吵起來。半夜，（他們）突然大吵起來。2021/3/27608. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking 8. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice does need a bit of practice now now thatthat gravity has changed.” gravity has

43、 changed.”Now that : 既然既然,由于由于。如如:Now that everybody is here, we can begin the meeting.2021/3/276110. the Paleozoic era: 10. the Paleozoic era: 古生代古生代, ,是地質(zhì)時是地質(zhì)時代的第三個代（第一、第二代分別是太古代代的第三個代（第一、第二代分別是太古代和元古代）。約和元古代）。約5.445.44億年前至億年前至2.482.48億年前億年前. . the Mesozoic era: the Mesozoic era: 中生代中生代, ,包括包括: :三

44、三疊紀(jì)、侏羅紀(jì)、白堊紀(jì)。疊紀(jì)、侏羅紀(jì)、白堊紀(jì)。 the Cenozoic era: the Cenozoic era: 新生代新生代, ,約開始于約開始于65006500萬年前，現(xiàn)仍在持續(xù)。萬年前，現(xiàn)仍在持續(xù)。11. Big Bang: 11. Big Bang: 宇宙大爆炸理論宇宙大爆炸理論2021/3/2762Learning about Language Learning about Language 1. Words 1. Words astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxy

45、gen, surface, planet, harmful, development, spread, method, depend, exist, presence, telescope, disappoint, disappointed, publish, publishing, gravity, force, gradually, cheer, float, mass2021/3/2763Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference bet

46、ween the two.presentviolentconfidentdifferentpatientpresenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatiencecertainfairpaidlikekinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind-(en)ceun-2021/3/2764cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsculturalglobaluniversalagricultralmathematicalartphysicschemistrybiologyscienceartist

47、phsicistchemistbiologistscientist-al-ist2021/3/27652. Expressions2. Expressionssolar system, in time, now that, prevent.from, depend on, cheer up, get the hang of, break out, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, carbon dioxide, watch out, block out2021/3/2766 surface, explode, develop, prevent, fl

48、oat, spread, violent, astronomy, force, publish, disappoint, solid 1. The _ of gravity makes things fall to the earth.2. The robbers kicked the door _ and broke into the stars house.3. Nothing can separate the two, because they have a _ friendship foundation.4. In World War II, two atomic bombs _ in

49、 Japan, killing a large number of people.5. With the _ of our countrys economy, peoples living standard has been greatly raised.forceviolentlysolidexplodeddevelopment2021/3/27676. More than 70% of the earths _ is covered by water.7. In the last few years the city has _ out rapidly in all directions.

50、8. That he failed the examination _ his lover very much.9. They _ the canoe out into the middle of the river.10. Mark Twain _ a lot of popular novels in that _ firm.spreaddisappointedfloatedsurfacepublishedpublishing2021/3/27681.他以前是靠畫畫為生的。他以前是靠畫畫為生的。 He used to _his living _.2.爆竹在他手里爆炸了爆竹在他手里爆炸了,他傷

51、得很嚴(yán)重。他傷得很嚴(yán)重。The firework _ and he hurt seriously.3.鄉(xiāng)村生活與都市生活是非常不同的。鄉(xiāng)村生活與都市生活是非常不同的。Country life is_ city life.4.瑪麗之所以沒有通過這次考試瑪麗之所以沒有通過這次考試,是因為她此前病是因為她此前病了兩個星期。了兩個星期。 Mary _ in the exam, _she had been ill for two weeks.2021/3/27695. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是年爆發(fā)的。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是年爆發(fā)的。 World War II _in 1939.6.我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她。我擔(dān)心是否傷害

52、了她。 I worry _ I hurt her feelings.7.為使她高興起來為使她高興起來,她丈夫帶她去聽音樂會。她丈夫帶她去聽音樂會。Her husband took her to the concert _.8.他們乘坐宇宙飛船穿越太空到月球上去。他們乘坐宇宙飛船穿越太空到月球上去。 They _ to the moon in a spaceship.9.天上有朵朵白云。天上有朵朵白云。 There were _ white clouds in the sky.2021/3/27701. He used to make/earn his living by painting.2.

53、 The firework exploded in his hand and he hurt seriously.3. Country life is quite different from city life.4. Mary failed in the exam. This was because she had been ill for two weeks.5. World War II broke out in 1939.6. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.7. Her husband took her to the concert

54、 to cheer her up.8. They traveled through space to the moon in a spaceship.9. There were masses of white clouds in the sky.Answer Key:2021/3/27713. Grammar3. GrammarNoun Clauses as the subject 做主語用的名詞性從句做主語用的名詞性從句,因其在復(fù)合句中做主因其在復(fù)合句中做主語語,又稱又稱主語從句主語從句(Noun Clauses as the subject) ,引導(dǎo)主語從句的有從屬連詞引導(dǎo)主語從句的有從屬

55、連詞that、whether，連接，連接代詞代詞who、what、which，連接副詞，連接副詞when、where、how、why等等。1. 連接詞連接詞:1）從屬連詞）從屬連詞:that， whether等等. that 引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實際引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.2021/3/2772 由由whether及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句及

56、其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首首,句后都可。句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.It doesnt matter too much whether shes coming or not.2)連接代詞連接代詞who ,what ,which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.3)連接副詞連接副詞when，where， how

57、， why等。等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2021/3/27732. 位置位置:主語從句可以前置主語從句可以前置,也可以后置。用也可以后置。用it做形做形式主語式主語,而把主語從句放在句末而把主語從句放在句末,常用下面幾種句型。常用下面幾種句型。 1）It + be + 表語表語 +主語從句主語從句表語表語:（名詞，（名詞， 形容詞，過去分詞）形容詞，過去分詞）It is a p

58、ity that we cant go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has s

59、ent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.2021/3/2774 2）It+不及物動詞或短語不及物動詞或短語+主語從句主語從句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no differenc

60、e where we shall have the meeting. 3） It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句主語從句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意注意: 主語從句在句首時主語從句在句首時,必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)必須由連接詞引導(dǎo),不能省不能省略這些連接詞略這些連接詞;但是如果用但是如果用it做形式主語做形式主語,而把而把2021/3/2775主語從句放在句末時主語從句放在句末時,從屬連詞從屬連詞that可以省略?？梢允÷?。誤誤:They should like each ot