unit3grammar課件

1、Unit 3 ComputersPeriod 4 語法專題課語法專題課 1. What is PC? personal computer.2. What is IT?Information Technology.3. What is W.W.W?World wide web.4. 科學(xué)技術(shù)?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)。Science and technology.5. 人工智能。人工智能。Artificial intelligence.6.筆記本電腦。筆記本電腦。Laptop. Are you familiar with these computers? Can you call them?Pen-like C

2、omputer The first wrist-worn PC has been invented in 2006.in 2013A pen-like computer has already been developed.The public bikes have already been used in Lanzhou.The highspeed railways have been built. Wanda Plaza have been built.1. The first wrist-worn PC has been invented in 2006.2. A pen-like co

3、mputer has already been developed.3. The public bikes have already been used in Lanzhou.4. The highspeed railways have been built.5. Wanda Plaza have been built. Do they have something in common?Discovering:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)The Present Perfect Passive Voice （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）have/has (not)+

4、been + done語法復(fù)習(xí)語法復(fù)習(xí)英語中有兩種語態(tài)，分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語中有兩種語態(tài)，分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。v一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): e.g The work is done during two days.v一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài): e.g He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.v一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： e.g The work will be finished soon .v帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： e.g This

5、can be done in a few minutes. am/is /are (not) + ppwas /were (not)+ ppwill be( not)+ ppcan/may/must(not)+be + pp 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主要兩點(diǎn)用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主要兩點(diǎn)用法 1. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。The door has been locked. 門被鎖上了。門被鎖上了。 （結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒人能進(jìn)去）（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒人能進(jìn)去） 2. 表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

6、在，并可能將表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能將持續(xù)下去，常與持續(xù)下去，常與for 或或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 The old man has been looked after for twenty years. 這位老人被照顧了這位老人被照顧了20年。年。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+ have + pp + 動(dòng)作承受者動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+ have + been +pp + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者者語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換：語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)： He has bought a new computer. 主語主語 謂語謂語

7、 賓語賓語主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)： A new computer has been bought by him1.肯定句句型：肯定句句型： 主語主語+ have / has been +過去分詞過去分詞 A new computer has been bought.2.否定句句型：否定句句型：主語主語+ have/has +not+ been+過去分詞過去分詞 A new computer has not been bought.3.一般疑問句句型：一般疑問句句型： Have/Has +主語主語 + been+ 過去分詞過去分詞 .? Has a new computer been bought

8、? 4.特殊疑問句句型：特殊疑問句句型：疑問詞疑問詞+ have /has + 主語主語+ been+過去分詞過去分詞 .? Where has a new computer been bought ? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意四點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意四點(diǎn)： 1. 兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have/has 和和been， 兩者缺一不可。兩者缺一不可。 2并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)1）happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞

9、組無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 3. 副詞的位置副詞的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等 副詞置于have/has和been中間。誤 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed. 2）open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)

10、作發(fā)出者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： 誤 The door has been opened by itself. 正The door has opened by itself 4. 短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。介詞或副詞。The patients have been taken good care of. Enjoy the following poem(詩歌鑒賞詩歌鑒賞)劃出下面這首詩歌中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并大聲朗讀。劃出下面這首詩歌中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并大聲朗讀。 Look at the way your face has been washed.Look at the

11、 way your hair has been combed.Look at the way your shoes has been cleaned.Youd better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been planted.Look at the way the grass has been cut.Look at the way the paths have been swept.I hope that youll come here again.The buildings destroyearthquake The bu

12、ildings have been destroyed in the earthquakeTask1: Making up sentences using present perfect passive voice:machinereplacecomputerThe machine has been replaced by the computer .new bridge build in our city A new bridge has been built in our city. The food already eat up The food has been eaten up. C

13、orrect the following sentences.1. A personal computer has bought by us.2. What has been happened to you? A personal computer has been bought by us.What has happened to you?Task2:3. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. 4. The child has been taken good care by Grandma Wang all these year

14、s. Our computer has just been joined to the internet.The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 5. How long has the book been borrowed ? How long has the book been kept?Task3:鏈接高考鏈接高考1His sister left home in 1998，and _since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Cha

15、d not heard ofDhas not heard of解析：解析：選選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意為：他姐姐?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意為：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無音信。根據(jù)句中年離家出走，從此杳無音信。根據(jù)句中since可知本題需用完成時(shí)，同時(shí)根據(jù)句意可知需用現(xiàn)在可知本題需用完成時(shí)，同時(shí)根據(jù)句意可知需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。2The new dictionaries are very useful. They _well and _already.Asell；have been sold outBsold；had sold outCsell；sel

16、l outDare sold；have been sold out解析：解析：選選A。第一空。第一空sell說明主語的性質(zhì)，為不及說明主語的性質(zhì)，為不及物動(dòng)詞用法，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副物動(dòng)詞用法，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副詞詞already可知可知“已賣完了已賣完了”；且；且sell out(售完售完)與與dictionaries間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。3Can we sit at the table near the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been ta

17、ken解析：解析：選選D。it代指代指the table，和，和take之間是被動(dòng)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；又根據(jù)關(guān)系；又根據(jù)already和句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，和句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故答案選故答案選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。4. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _well.Ahave told；washedBhave been told；washesChave been told；washedDwas told；washed解析：解析：選選B。根據(jù)句意。根據(jù)句意“因?yàn)槲冶桓嬷@種布很好因?yàn)槲冶桓嬷@種布很好洗洗”可知第一空用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語

18、態(tài)；第二空表示可知第一空用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；第二空表示主語具有的屬性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，故用主語具有的屬性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，故用washes。Change the following sentences.1. My friend has bought a new personal computer.2. The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.A new personal computer has been bought by my friend.My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly.Task4:3. An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.4. We have not solved the problem yet. My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.Th