1Readingunit2

1、Warming up and reading Warming-up:Warming-up: Can you name some countries in which English is spoken? English Around the Worldthe United KingdomIreland South Africathe USACanadaAustraliaNew Zealand centerflat colorliftgrayhonorgreycentreapartmentelevator honourcolourMatch the words that have the sam

2、e meaning.number of speakersexample countriesworking situationthe native languagethe foreign languagethe second language375 millionUSA,Canada, Australia,south Africa, Ireland, New Zealand750 millionChina and many other countries375 millionIndia, Pakistan,Nigeria,Pernment,schools, newsp

3、apers,TVRead the passage in Warming Up, Read the passage in Warming Up, then answer:then answer: Why does English play an import role as a first or second language in some countries?1.How many people speak English in the world today?2.Why do so many people speak English?3.Why are there so many kinds

4、 of English?Pre-readingThe road to modern EnglishThe roadModern Englishthe development of English language What kind of English before Modern English? 3. Guess according to the title. culture 文化文化 、文明、文明 actually 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 present 現(xiàn)在的、出席的現(xiàn)在的、出席的 rule 統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治 vocabulary 詞匯、詞匯量詞匯、詞匯量New words usage

5、使用、用法使用、用法 identity 身份身份 government 政府政府 rapidly 迅速地迅速地 Singapore 新加坡新加坡 Malaysia 馬來西亞馬來西亞 Are all English the same?Are all English the same?British EnglishAmerican English&Pre-reading II ( 5m )Do you know the differences between American English and British English?British EnglishBritish Englis

6、hAmerican EnglishAmerican Englishspellingpronunciationwordscolour,color,favourite,favorite,theatre,theater,centre,center,travelled,traveled,metremeteraskdancewheelnotboxpost,mail,film,movie,shop,store,I think,I guess,British EnglishBritish EnglishAmerican EnglishAmerican Englishwordslift (電梯電梯)eleva

7、torpetrol (汽油汽油)gasflat (公寓公寓)apartmentautumnfallunderground(地鐵地鐵)subwayuniversity(大學(xué)大學(xué))collegerubbish(垃圾垃圾)garbagedustbin(垃圾箱垃圾箱)trash canholidayvacationfortnight(兩星期兩星期） two weeksReading I ( 3m )Fast reading:Read the text and find out the answers to the questions of Ex. 1 on page 10. 1.English has

8、/had the most speakers_. A. now B. when the British ruled many parts of the world C. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th centurySkimming2.Which of the following statement is true?A. Languages always stay the sameB. Languages change only after warsC. Languages no longer changeD. Languages chang

9、e when cultures change3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like_? A. French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian4. Shakespeares English was spoken around _? A. 1400s B. 1150s C. 450s D. 1600s5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world? A. Australia B. China C.

10、 India D. BritainRead the text and try to find the main idea of each paragraph. (Work in pairs)Reading II ( 10m ) Pair work:Paragraph 1: describes the extension of English in the world.Paragraph 2: tells us native speakers can understand each other but not everything.Paragraph 3: tells the developme

11、nt of English as native language.Paragraph 4: tells us English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.ScanningThe cause TimeBetween AD450 and 11501150 to 1500The road to modern Englishcultures communicate withone anotherthings that happenedless like German; more like Frenchbased

12、 on GermanIn the 1600sLaterShakespeare broadened the vocabulary. A big changed in EnglishBritish people brought English to Australia Some people say that Chinese is amuch more elegant language, so it is more important for us to master it and it is not so necessary to master foreign language. Do you

13、agree with this opinion and why?Discussion Why do many people speak English?Inferred answer from the text: England was strong and made voyages to conquer other parts of world. Britain ruled some countries and taught them English. What other factors affected the use of language? international role ec

14、onomic development development of democracy the image in the world cultural development 1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world? 你知道世界上不止有一種英語嗎？你知道世界上不止有一種英語嗎？ more than one +名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù), 后面的謂后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 More than one student wants togo to swim.Explanation more th

15、an 還可以與名詞、形容詞、副詞、還可以與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名詞連用，意為動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名詞連用，意為 “不只是，非常不只是，非常” Both of them are much more than schoolmates. They are close friends. 他們倆遠(yuǎn)不只是同學(xué)他們倆遠(yuǎn)不只是同學(xué), 他們是知心朋友。他們是知心朋友。 more than 的反義短語是的反義短語是less than, 意為意為 “少于少于” We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got_ 60. (98.上海上海) A. more than B. mor

16、e of C. as much as D. so many as高考鏈接高考鏈接2. In some important ways they are very different from one another. 在某些重要方面在某些重要方面, 它們彼此有些差異。它們彼此有些差異。(1) inway (s)/bymeans 在在方面方面 We should solve this problem in a different way. =We should solve this problem by a different way. 都表示都表示“相互，彼此相互，彼此”，在句中作動(dòng)，在句中作動(dòng)

17、詞詞或介詞的賓語，但不能作主語?；蚪樵~的賓語，但不能作主語。表示兩個(gè)人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系用表示兩個(gè)人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系用each other, 表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，或事物之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)， 用用each other或或one another都可以。都可以。(2)one another/each other區(qū)別區(qū)別 Tom and Mary looked at each other. We send card to one another/each other every year. 我們每年都相互寄卡片。我們每年都相互寄卡片。3. they

18、include Canadian, British, American, Australian and India English. include 包含包含, 包括包括 The price includes dinner,beds and breakfast. including (prep.) included (adj.) The bill came to $450, including tax. The bill came to $450, tax included. contain和和include contain指某物包含的內(nèi)容或成分指某物包含的內(nèi)容或成分 The basket c

19、ontains a variety of fruits. 這籃子裝有各種水果。這籃子裝有各種水果。 include指包括作為整體的一個(gè)部分指包括作為整體的一個(gè)部分 或要素或要素 The tour includes a visit to Paris. 這旅程包括游覽巴黎。這旅程包括游覽巴黎。4. English plays an important role as a first or second language, plays a/an role/part 扮演扮演的角色的角色, 起起的作用的作用 Monitor plays an important role in managing a c

20、lass. 班長(zhǎng)在班級(jí)管理中起著重要的作用。班長(zhǎng)在班級(jí)管理中起著重要的作用。5. Nearly all of them live in England. 他們幾乎全部都住在英格蘭。他們幾乎全部都住在英格蘭。almost與與nearly兩者都可以修飾兩者都可以修飾 all, every, always等詞，都可以用于否定句中。等詞，都可以用于否定句中。只用只用almost的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合: a. 和和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never連用連用; b. 和和too, more than連用。連用。c.和表示感覺或心和表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞

21、連用時(shí)理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)(如如hope, wonder, suppose, think, want 等）。等）。It is almost more than we feared.只用只用nearly的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合:a. 被被very, not, pretty等修飾等修飾; b. 和具體數(shù)字連用。和具體數(shù)字連用。There is not nearly enough money for a new house.The mother is nearly as old as her son.練一練：用練一練：用nearly或或almost填空。填空。 1. He said _ nothing int

22、eresting. 2. _ 1000 people were here. 3. There is not _enough book for the whole class.Nearlynearly almost1.與與nothing連用連用, 所以填所以填almost2.與具體數(shù)字連用與具體數(shù)字連用, 用用nearly3.被被not修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), 用用nearly 6. , people from England started moving to other parts of the world, begin/start doing/ to do 開始做某事開始做某事 不用不用doing

23、的情況：的情況： 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) These machines are beginning to date. 主語是物而非人時(shí)主語是物而非人時(shí) It started to rain.后面是表心理活動(dòng)或精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如后面是表心理活動(dòng)或精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如 realize, understand, complain 等）等） I began to realize that I was wrong. 7. Today, more peolethan ever before 比比以往任何時(shí)候更以往任何時(shí)候更than ever before 可看作是可看作是 than they ev

24、er speak English before 的省略形式。的省略形式。在比較在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞 ever 與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，意為連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“比以往任何比以往任何時(shí)候更時(shí)候更”。 ever在不同句型中的意義：在不同句型中的意義： 1）曾經(jīng)；以前（用于疑問句）曾經(jīng)；以前（用于疑問句） 2）無論什么時(shí)候都（不）（用語否定無論什么時(shí)候都（不）（用語否定 句）句） 3）曾經(jīng)（用于曾經(jīng)（用于if 從句）從句） 4）到底；究竟（用于特殊疑問句）到底；究竟（用于特殊疑問句） 5）永遠(yuǎn)；老是（用于肯定句）永遠(yuǎn)；老是（用于肯定句）8.Native

25、English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 把英語作為母語的人相互之間可以交把英語作為母語的人相互之間可以交 流流, 即使他們說的不是同一種英語。即使他們說的不是同一種英語。even if= (even though)是連詞詞是連詞詞組，組， 用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為意為 “盡管；即使盡管；即使” even if /even thougheven if 從句所說的不肯定從句所說的不肯定(即使即使）；）；even though從句所

26、說的則是事實(shí)（從句所說的則是事實(shí)（盡管盡管）He will not let out the secret even if he knows it. He will not let out the secret even though he knows it.他對(duì)秘密知道與否不一定他對(duì)秘密知道與否不一定他知道這個(gè)秘密他知道這個(gè)秘密 5. native adj. 本國(guó)的，本土的； 自然的，天然的 n. 本地人，本國(guó)人；當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)的動(dòng)/植物（ of） be native to 原產(chǎn)于，原籍是Eg: The giant panda is native to China. She was native to

27、 Taipei. He is a native of Beijing. The kangaroo is a native of Australia.9. , they may not be able to understand everything. not 與與 every, each, both, all, everything, everybody 等連用為部分否定，全部否等連用為部分否定，全部否定用定用no one, none, neither, nothing, nobody, not any 等。等。e.g. Not every student enjoys playing foo

28、tball. Some students enjoy playing football while others not.10. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 來我的公寓坐坐怎么樣？來我的公寓坐坐怎么樣？ come up 上來上來, 走近走近; 被提出被提出; 發(fā)芽發(fā)芽; 升起升起 The problem came up in the meeting. 問題在會(huì)議中被提出來了。問題在會(huì)議中被提出來了。 Strangers came up to him and asked how much his books are. 陌生人走

29、到他面前，問他課本值多陌生人走到他面前，問他課本值多 少錢。少錢。New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.11. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. 事實(shí)上，那時(shí)候的英語更象德語，事實(shí)上，那時(shí)候的英語更象德語， 而不是今天的英語。而不是今天的英語。(1) actually/in fact/as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上(2) base on/upon 以以為基礎(chǔ)為

30、基礎(chǔ) This movie is based on facts. (3) present (adj.) 目前的目前的, 現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的 You should look clearly the present situation.12. It became closer to the language you are learning now. 它和你們現(xiàn)在學(xué)的英語更加接近。它和你們現(xiàn)在學(xué)的英語更加接近。close to相近相近, 靠近靠近, 幾乎幾乎 Our house is close to the bus stop. close (adv) 位置上接近位置上接近 closely (adv)

31、抽象關(guān)系上的密切抽象關(guān)系上的密切 Come close to me. I looked into the matter closely. be close to與與get close to be close to 表狀態(tài)，而表狀態(tài)，而get close to表表動(dòng)作動(dòng)作 My house is close to the park. The cat got close to the rat silently.13. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亞使用了比以前更為廣泛的莎士比亞使用了比以前更為廣泛的

32、 詞匯量。詞匯量。make (good/full/no) use of （充分）使用（充分）使用 make the most use of 充分利用充分利用 make the best use of 善用善用 We could make good use of our resources. Every minute should be made good use of. Take advantage of sth (趁機(jī)趁機(jī))利用某事利用某事/物物Take advantage of sb 欺騙欺騙/捉弄某人捉弄某人Eg: He took advantage of her good nature

33、.They took full advantage of the hotels facilities. use 還可構(gòu)成下列詞組還可構(gòu)成下列詞組: be in (general) use (廣泛廣泛)使用使用 be of great use 很有用處很有用處 come in(to) use 開始使用開始使用 bring/put to use 加以使用加以使用14. Latter adj. 后期的后期的,后來的后來的.(同同later)Eg: the latter years of his life the latter half of the year 近來的，最近的近來的，最近的,現(xiàn)今的現(xiàn)今

34、的. In these latter days/years 近來近來,近幾年近幾年the formerthe latter 中中, 指兩個(gè)人或物的后者指兩個(gè)人或物的后者 Eg: Of the two the latter is better than the former. Latter 作代詞做主語時(shí)作代詞做主語時(shí),如果指代的是單數(shù)名詞，如果指代的是單數(shù)名詞，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),指代的時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞指代的時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).10. an identity card (ID card) 身份證身份證16. rule vt/vi 統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治 rule(vi) over sb/s

35、th 統(tǒng)治某人統(tǒng)治某人/某事物某事物Eg: Charles I ruled (over) England for eleven years. n 規(guī)則規(guī)則,章程章程 break the rule 違反規(guī)則違反規(guī)則 hard and fast rule 硬性的規(guī)定硬性的規(guī)定 bend stretchthe rules 放寬規(guī)定放寬規(guī)定 make it a rule to do sth 使使.成為規(guī)定成為規(guī)定,養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣 as a (general) rule：usually 通常通常,慣例慣例 As a rule, Im home by six. 14. India has a very

36、large number of English speakers. 印度有很多的人講英語。印度有很多的人講英語。 a number of 大量的（其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）大量的（其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)） A number of people have came. the number of 的數(shù)目（其后謂語動(dòng)的數(shù)目（其后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）詞用單數(shù)） 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的：只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的： a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few The number of homeless

37、 people has increased.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of such as 例如例如 suchas 像（像（as后面提到的）這樣的后面提到的）這樣的 sucha形容詞名詞形容詞名詞 so形容詞形容詞a名詞來代替名詞來代替 所以所以such a good man可由可由s

38、o good a man來代替。來代替。這只能在名詞前面有這只能在名詞前面有aan的情況下使用。的情況下使用。 such是形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：是形容詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：such + adj. + n.so是副詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：是副詞，結(jié)構(gòu)：so + adv. / adj.15. Only time will tell. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明一切。時(shí)間會(huì)證明一切。 tell 知道知道, 判斷判斷 Its hard to tell whether he is right. tell A from B: 區(qū)分，分別區(qū)分，分別 Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?1.Finish exerci

39、ses in Learning about language.3.Find an example that shows the difference between American English and British English.HomeworkChecking answer I (1m)Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 11:1 C 2D3E4F5A6B7J8G9I10HDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseIt is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a _ _.

40、This is _ because the _ and usage are different in different parts of the English speaking world. If you say “flat instead of “_, people in America will not think you speak good English. If you use the word _ instead of “l(fā)ift in Britain, they will look at you a little strangely! It seems you cannot

41、win!Checking answer II (2m)Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page11:Checking answer III (2m) Answer keys for Ex. 3 on page 11:1. includes2. cultures3. present4. Actually5. usage6. gas7. international8. rapidly9. However10. governmentAnswer keys for Ex.4 on page 12: 1 inBritish:2 at3 past4 in5 from6 inAmerican

42、:1 on2 on3 after4 on5 from6 inAt the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people _(speak) English. _(near) all of them lived in England. In the next century, people from England started moving to other parts of the world, so English began to _(speak) in many other countries. Today ,

43、more people speak English _(介詞介詞)their first, second or foreign language than ever before . China may have the largest number of English speakers. Native English speakers can understand each another even if they dont speak the same kind of English.（改正錯(cuò)誤）（改正錯(cuò)誤） But, they may not be able to understand

44、 everything . （改正錯(cuò)誤）（改正錯(cuò)誤） For example , _(冠詞冠詞)British person may say to her friends, “Would you please （短語動(dòng)詞）（短語動(dòng)詞） up to my flat for a visit”? One of her American friends may then ask her . “Come up where ?” Her_( Canada )friend might explain , “ She means we should come up _(介詞）介詞） her apartment

45、.”spokeNearlybe spokenasotherHoweveracomeCanadianto So why has English changed _time ? All languages change when cultures communicate _one another. The English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different _the English spoken today . Actually , it was _more on German than present day Engli

46、sh. Then from about 1150 to 1500 English changed even more. It became less like German, and more like French because those who _England at that time spoke French . It became closer_ the language you are learning now. In the 1600s, Shakespeare _use of a wider vocabulary than _before . One big change

47、_English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language , giving American English its own _. Later, when some British people went to Australia, English began to _ (speak) there. Now Australian English has its own identity.overwithfrombasedruled tomadeeverinide

48、ntitybe spoken English is also spoken _a foreign or second language in South Asia . India have a very large number of English speaker. (改正錯(cuò)誤）改正錯(cuò)誤）This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 _1947. During that time English became the language _ government and education. English is also spoken in ma

49、ny other countries in Africa and Asia, _South Africa , Singapore and Malaysia. In China , English has been used in Hong Kong since about 1842. Today _(number)people learning English in China is increasing rapidly . Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes? Only time will tell.astoforsu

50、ch asthe number ofHowever:1. However, most of the time, people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 2. My room is small. Its very comfortable, however. 3. She waited, however, for no explanation. although that may be 1. 作作conj. 意思是意思是“然而；依然；但是；不過然而；依然；但是；不過”

51、。2. 位置：可放在句首、句末或句中，后面常用位置：可放在句首、句末或句中，后面常用“，”隔開。隔開。however :in whatever way or degree However hard you try, youll never succeed in pleasing her. However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 無論他多晚回家，他母親總會(huì)等他一起吃飯。無論他多晚回家，他母親總會(huì)等他一起吃飯。However late he comes back home, his mother will wait for him to have

52、 dinner together.1. 作作adv. 意為意為“無論無論；不管；不管”2. 后面接后面接adv.或或adj. however 與與 butHowever conj. 起對(duì)照、對(duì)比或反襯前后句子的作用起對(duì)照、對(duì)比或反襯前后句子的作用放在句首、句末或句中放在句首、句末或句中后面用逗號(hào)隔開。后面用逗號(hào)隔開。but連接兩個(gè)意義完全相反的連接兩個(gè)意義完全相反的并列成分或并列并列成分或并列句句，可放在，可放在句首或句中，句首或句中，后面不用逗號(hào)隔開。后面不用逗號(hào)隔開。1. I offered my help to him, _ he refused. 2. He promised that

53、 he would come. He never turned up, _. 3. Well have the job finished, _tired we are. buthoweverhowever1.This bill adds up to 25 cents,_A. postage includingB. postage includedC. to include postageD. and including postage解析：解析：including是介詞，是介詞， including sth. included是形容詞，是形容詞，sth. included Exercises2

54、.Mr.Huang will _ in the movement. A. play a leading part B. take parts C. play leading part D. take a part3._number of students taking part in the training is 450. A. A B.The C.A lot D.Lots4. _students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋憾鄠€(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋?限定詞限定詞-數(shù)詞數(shù)詞-描繪詞描繪詞-(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色舊，顏色) -出處出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別材料性質(zhì)，類別-名詞名詞5.U