高中伴隨狀語解析

1、伴隨狀語定義1. 伴隨就是陪襯，可有可無，若去掉后，也是完整的句子。2. 狀語可修飾動詞（初中）；狀語也可修飾句子（高中）3. 伴隨狀語還可表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步和方式一、分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞Chatting with Tom, I had a lot of fun in the pub.（原因）Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.（原因）He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.（伴隨）Walking along the street, I ran across my ol

2、d friend.（時間）現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語：1) 現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語之間構(gòu)成_關(guān)系2) 現(xiàn)在分詞可在句子中充當時間、原因、條件、伴隨等狀語3) 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，可在前面加上when, if , unless, although等連詞，使句義更明確。Question1 ：句子的主語？謂語？伴隨狀語？從句中的現(xiàn)在分詞與本句主語的關(guān)系？ 表時間：Walking down the street, I ran to Sue. Climbing to the top the mountain, we saw a magnificent view. 特別強調(diào)同時發(fā)生，可用上when/while： While(

3、 when) flying over the English Channel, the pilot saw the Atlantic Ocean. 表原因，可放句首或句末： Being sick, I stayed at home. Living in the country, we had few social engagements.表讓步： Although knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage.表結(jié)果： It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that coun

4、try. The child fell, striking his head against the door.表方式： He stood, leaning against the wall.（伴隨）Question2 ：以上都是同時發(fā)生或時間相隔很短發(fā)生的動作，那么如何表示相隔時間較長的前后兩種動作呢?用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)表示時間前后或因果關(guān)系，某種動作發(fā)生在真正的謂語動作之前。 Having noted down our names and address, the policeman dismissed us. 以上doing與having done 皆屬于現(xiàn)在分詞伴隨狀語的主動語態(tài)，是

5、因為主句的主語也是伴隨狀語的主語.Question3 ：那如果主語與動詞間的被動關(guān)系呢?2. 過去分詞找出下列句子的主語：1）Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.2）Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).3）Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.(讓步)某些過去分詞作狀語表狀態(tài)，常見的有:lost 迷路，丟失lost in deep thought陷入深思absorbed in 專心于dressed in 穿著tired of

6、 厭倦于worried about 擔心based on基于/建立在的基礎(chǔ)上Summary3:過去分詞作狀語,有時可以在其前邊加上when, while, if, unless, although, once等連詞，以起到強調(diào)的作用，使句意更加明確。(When) Asked what had happened, he kept silent.(If) Given more time, we would be able to do it better.(Although) Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.二、

7、with 結(jié)構(gòu) with作伴隨狀語，或說明造成某一局面的原因。至于是用現(xiàn)在分詞，還是過去分詞得看與主句主語的關(guān)系是被動或主動。with time passing by隨著時間的流逝 He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛閉著.with 的復合結(jié)構(gòu)可以分以下幾種:1. with + 名詞 + 形容詞副詞：表處于一種狀態(tài). He often sleeps with windows open.他經(jīng)常開著窗戶睡覺.There is a temple with no table in. 2. with +名詞 + 介詞短語. The teac

8、her came into the classroom with a book under his arm. 3. with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞.這種結(jié)構(gòu)表動作的主動和正在進行. The old woman left her house with water running. 4. with + 名詞 + 過去分詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表被動和已完成. The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 5. with + 名詞 + 不定式,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表動作的將來式. The manager has bee

9、n busy these days with a lot of work to do .三、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的講析1. 概念：有時一個名詞/代詞 + 一個其他結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，相當于一個狀語從句或并列句，人們通常稱這種結(jié)構(gòu)為獨立主格或獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu) 1）名詞代詞 + doing River rising, they had to left for safety. 2）名詞代詞 + to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours. 3）名詞代詞 + doneAll the work done, they went f

10、or lunch. 4）名詞代詞+ adj.adv.He entered the room, his nose red with cold. He was lying in bed, light on. 5）名詞代詞+ 介賓短語He walked in, cane in hand. 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞代詞在邏輯上是后一部分的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中只能作狀語。注：有時可以在獨立主格前面加上介詞with，構(gòu)成with +復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted. You should not speak to others

11、 with your mouth full of food. He left the bathroom, with the water running. 四、形容詞短語做伴隨狀語： 形容詞短語做伴隨狀語時，通常表狀態(tài)。例如： 1Full of apologies，the manager approached us 經(jīng)理向我們走來， 嘴里不停地說著抱歉的話。2He was too excited，unable to say a word 他太激動了，一句話也 說不出來。 3He stared at the footprint，full of fear他盯著腳印，滿心恐懼。 單個形容詞做伴隨狀語也

12、表示狀態(tài)，不表動作。例如： 1He sat there，silent他一聲不響地坐在那兒。 2Breathless，she rushed in through the back door 穿過后門，他氣喘吁吁地沖了進來。 3He went to bed，cold and hungry他又冷又餓地上床睡覺了。 4. Confident of the victory, the players are fighting hard. 運動員們對比賽奪勝滿懷信心，奮力拼搏。Question4:什么時候可以省略?怎么省略?在含有狀語從句的復合句中，若從句的主句是it或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be時

13、，常省略從句的主語和be。 伴隨狀語出現(xiàn)的條件由一個主語發(fā)出兩個動作或同一個主語處于兩種狀態(tài)， 或同一個主語發(fā)出一個動作時又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。 伴隨狀語的邏輯主語一般情況下必須是全句的主語，伴隨狀語與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的。 伴隨狀語可以有以下幾種表示方法： 一、使用分詞形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(這條狗跟著主人進了屋)。 The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人進了屋，后面跟著 他的狗)。 二、用 with 復合結(jié)構(gòu) The little gi

14、rls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩 們在玩雪，手都凍紅了)。 The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人們下 班了，一路有說有笑)。 三、用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(這

15、小孩每天去上學，那條小狗陪伴著他)。 伴隨狀語是指狀語從句的動作伴隨主句發(fā)生，它的特點是：它所表達的動 作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)生或存在的。 例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里讀報。 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不著，思考著那個問題。 伴隨狀語的判斷The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分詞短語 （現(xiàn)在分詞表主動 過去表被動）前有逗號的是伴隨狀語。 伴隨狀語的特點是： 它所表達的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)生 或存在的 1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主 動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別。 2）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們