【新上海牛津版】-初中英語八年級下冊unit3常識點語法精講精練

1、Unit 3 Traditional skills常考短語：1.paper cutting 剪紙2.set off 動身，出發(fā)3.after dark 天黑后，黃昏后4.all the time一直，始終5.up to 到達（某數(shù)量、程度等）；至多有6.up and down 起伏，上下波動7.no more 不再，再也不8.tie.around 拴 在 周圍9.cut out 剪成10.in the shape of 以 的形狀11.put on 穿上；上演12.close to 靠近13.put up 張貼14.a piece of 一片，一條15.after dark 天黑后要點全解：1

2、.used to do sth 過去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用來做某事be/get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事2.fit形容詞健康的；動詞合適。3.set off=set out出發(fā)，動身4.be ready for sth準備好的；be ready to do sth準備做某事5.stop . from doing sth阻止 做某事6.reach=get to=arrive at/in到達7.attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力8.throw . into把 扔進throw .away扔掉throw.at 向 扔去9.

3、make a mistake 犯錯誤， by mistake 錯誤地， mistake A for B把 A 錯認為 B10.bring up撫養(yǎng)，教育，培養(yǎng)11.keep (sb./sth.)+adj.使 保持 keep (sb./sth.) doing 使 不停地做某事12.be in good/bad health 健康狀況好（不好）healthy 健康的13.voice 嗓音，常指人的嗓音、說話聲及鳥的鳴叫聲。noise 雜聲，常指不悅耳的喧鬧聲。sound 聲音，泛指人耳能聽到的自然界中的各種聲音，不論高低，是否悅耳。She has a sweet voice.Theres too

4、much noise here.Can you hear strange sounds from the next room?14.be made of 由 制成，可以看得出原材料。be made from 由 制成，看不出原材料。be made up of 由 組成 /構(gòu)成，表示某物由若干部分構(gòu)成。The doll is made up of four parts.語法被動語態(tài)。（ 1）英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) .，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動

5、 )A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動 )漢語中常用 “被 ”、 “給 ”、“由 ”、 “受 ”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞 be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。（ 2）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“to的”情況。若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式， 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加to 。此類動詞為感官動詞，如：feel,hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the class

6、room.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).（ 3）主動形式表示被動意義。如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如： The food tastes good.(4) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be 的變化上，其形式與系動詞be 的變化形式完全一樣。列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + done一般過去時：was / were + done一般將來時：

7、shall / will + be done一般過去將來時：should / would + be done現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + done過去進行時：was / were + being + done現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + done過去完成時：had + been + done練習(xí)：1. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_.A.have taken, have been openedB.take, are openC.are taken, openD.have been taken,

8、 are opened2.The building _ in 1999.A. built B. is builtC. was builtD. build3.When _the accident _ ？A. was, happenB. did. happenC. is, happenD. was, happened4.The children _ by the nurse in the kindergarten now.A. were lookedB. are being looked afterC. were looked afterD. are looking after5.Our clas

9、sroom must _ cleanA. keepB. be keptC. to keepD. to be kept6.Chinese _ by the largest number of people in the world.A. speaksB. is speakingC. are speakingD. is spoken8.The bottle on the table _ cool water.A. is covered withB. is made ofC. is full ofD. is changed into9.I _ to bring my book to school y

10、esterday.A. toldB. was toldC. was tellingD. had been told10. My clock _. Can you mend it for,？A. doesn t use B. isn t workedC. doesn t walk D. doesnt work11. The flowers _ well if they _.A. won t grow, dont take good care of B. dont grow, are taken good care ofC. dont grow, dont take good care ofD.

11、won t grow, are not taken good care of12.We re glad that another Shenzhen underground_ very soon.A. will completeB. will be completedC. has completedD. has been completed13.The work _soon.A. will be finishedB. finishesC. has finishedD. will finish14.Trees _ green in spring.A.turnB. are turnedC. woul

12、d turnD. is turning15.Some flowers _ by Kate already.A. have been wateredB. wateredC. have wateredD. has been wateredUnit 3 Traditional skills一、 要點概括二、 hang on 用作電話用語 （其后可接a minute, a moment, a while 之類的詞），意為：等一下； 別放下電話；別掛斷。1. reach 除了“到達”外，還有“伸手去夠或拿”的意思。如：Some oranges are hard to reach.The girl was

13、 short so she couldn treach the cup on the table.【區(qū)別】 get, reach 和 arrive? get 是不及物動詞，常和to 連用。但當(dāng)“到達”的地點是home 或副詞（ here, there）時， to 需要省略。如： When did you get there last night?I get home at 7:00 pm every day.? arrive為不及物動詞，后須加上介詞in/ at才能連接表示地點的名詞。表示到達大城市或國家時要用arrive in ，而到達鄉(xiāng)村、 車站等小地方則用arrive at 。如：We

14、arrived in Londonlast week.The doctor arrived at the village at last.? reach 為及物動詞，其后既可以跟名詞也可跟副詞。如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.We reached here on foot.一、單詞拼寫。1. The English teachers r_ the students to listen carefully.2. Lets h_ the picture on the wall.3. When he r_ Guangzhou, it was

15、almost 11 pm.4. The books over there are on science. Waht about the r_.5. Eating much vegetable is good for you to keep f_.二、完成句子。1. 男孩家離學(xué)校很遠，所以他不得不每天一大早就出發(fā)。The boy lives far from the school, so he has to _ _ in early morning every day.2. 天黑后，人們離開辦公室回家。_ _, people leave office and go home.3. 只要你不再吸煙

16、，你可以更健康并活得更久。You can be healthier and live longer, if you just smoke _ _.4. 辦公室小弟每天都很忙，我們經(jīng)常都看到他上上下下來回地跑。The office boy is very busy every day, we often see hime run _ _ _.三、句子翻譯1. 她又高又瘦。她有著一頭黑色長發(fā)。她戴著眼鏡。_2. 他非常年輕，又愛又胖，留著一頭棕色的短發(fā)。_3. 剪刀和紙被用于剪紙工藝。_【教材典句】1. No nets are required for this type of fishing.2

17、. Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.3. A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May.【語法全解】英語的語態(tài)有主動和被動兩種：主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。1. 基本構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞” 。助動詞 be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)變化。Football is played all over the world. I

18、s it made of bamboo?2. 基本變法（ 1）將主動語態(tài)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中的主語，主動語態(tài)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句中介詞by 的賓語。（ 2）將主動語態(tài)句中的謂語動詞變成“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”形式，但時態(tài)不改變。（ 3）助動詞be 要與新的主語保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致；若主語和賓語時人稱代詞時，“格”應(yīng)該作相應(yīng)的變化。如：The workers make machines in this factory.Machines are made by the workers in this factory.3. 省去 by 短語的幾個條件（ 1）不知道、沒必要或不想說出

19、動作執(zhí)行者時。Rice is grown well there.（ 2）強調(diào)說明動作的承受者。I was sent to teach them English.（ 3）漢語中有“據(jù)說，大家說”等時。It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.4. 各時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)（ 1）一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： am/ is/ are + 過去分詞I am often given gifts by Tom.The things on show are all made in China.Is the room cleaned every

20、day?（ 2）一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： was/ were+ 過去分詞Jim was asked to go there.The heavy snow stopped the visitors from leaving the top of the mountain.=The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain by the heavy snow.（ 3）一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： wii be+過去分詞或am/ is/ are going to + be+過分分詞Lots of trees will be

21、planted on the hill next year.The children won tbe allowed to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?特殊情況：復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)感官動詞和使役動詞在主動語態(tài)句中，其后的動詞不定式不帶to，但變被動句時必須加上to。The boss made her work for 10 hours a day.She was made to work for 10 hours a day.【語法練習(xí)】1. -Excuse me. I m l

22、ooking for be the best of yourself. -Sorry. The book you ask for _ out.A. is sellingB. is soldC. was sellingD. will be sold2.Each year quite a lot of food _ around the world. It s really time for us to do something.A. was wastedB. is wastedC. wastedD. will be wasted3.Flowers _ along the road last ye

23、ar.A. plantB. plantedC. are plantedD. were planted4.It is said that a new museum _ in our city next year.A. buildsB. is buildingC. was builtD. will be built5. -Does she like singing English songs?-Yes. She _ to sing English songs in her room.A. often doesB. is often heardC. often hearsD. often heard

24、簡短說話1. 假設(shè)你是表中的“我” ，請根據(jù)下表的提示講述你的經(jīng)歷，并根據(jù)表格中提供的情景談?wù)撃愕母惺?。時間： April 28事情經(jīng)過：我感冒發(fā)燒，去醫(yī)院看病，遇到了英語老師，她叫我在家里休息，還說會來我家、叫同學(xué)來我家?guī)臀覍W(xué)習(xí)。感受：？選擇正確的答案1. -Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our classroom _ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. is cleaning2. A talk on developments in science and technology _ in th

25、e school hall next week.A. givenB. will be givenC. was givenD. is given3. -Did you go to Jack s birthday party? -No, I _.A. are not invitedB. wasn tinvitedC. haventinvitedD. didn tinvite4.-Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack?-When your homework _, you can.A. is doneB. was doneC. will be doneD. has do

26、ne5.An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happenedD. happeded6.She _ from China to America by plane last week.A. set upB. set offC. set forD. set of7.It s a hard work. I enjoy it _.A. thoughB. althoughC. howeverD. so8.If a law or rule requires you _ something

27、, you have to do it.A. doB. to doC. to stepD. stepping9.Are you ready _ into Harry Potters world again?A. stepB. for stepC. to stepD. stepping10. The Chinese medical workers helped the Arab woman _ every day.A. practise walkingB. to practise to walkC. practise to walkD. practising walking重要單詞，詞組講解1.

28、 mean 的用法What do you mean to do with it?I didnmeant to hurt you.1） mean to do 意欲做This means staying here longer.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.2） mean doing 意味著做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for適合做他說他不適合讀書因為懶。He says he _ a student

29、for his laziness.這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是故意遲到的。I didn t _ be late for school.2. celebratevt.(1) 慶祝；祝賀celebrate Christmas / one s birthday / a victory(成功 )(2) 贊揚；稱頌The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.詞語辨析： celebrate, congratulatecelebrate 后常接日期 ,事情或場合congra

30、tulate 后常接人表示為某事而祝賀某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.ex： congratulate you on your marriage.有時還表示私自慶幸的意思。ex： I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.3. 英語中表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語均為不及物，不用于被動語態(tài)。主語為所發(fā)生的事。詞語辨析： take place, happen, occur, come about, break out 的比較1） The wedding will take place tomorrow.2

31、） In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.take place 發(fā)生 ,舉行 ; 側(cè)重安排或計劃而發(fā)生的事,帶有 “非偶然 ”的意思3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好happen “發(fā)生 ”，普通用詞，含義很廣。常指具體客觀事物或情況的發(fā)生，含有“偶然 ”的意味。當(dāng)以具體事物、 事件作主語時， happen 和 occur 可以換用；但當(dāng) happen 用作 “碰巧 ”之意時，不能用 occur 代替，但可以與 come about 互換。4) It happened to rain that day

32、.5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.occur發(fā)“生，出現(xiàn)”,較正式用詞，指事情偶然地、意外地發(fā)生或思想突然浮在心頭。occur to 有“想起”的意思。6) The Second World War broke out in 1939.break out (火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病)突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)7) How does it come about that you were caught by the police?come about發(fā)“生” ,往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因。且很多時候與how連用。與happen用法較接近用 take place

33、 , happen 和 come about 的正確形式填空1. The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.2. If anything _ to the machine, let me know at once.3. The opening day of the play _ tomorrow night.4. Can you tell me how it _?4. starve: vt.使餓死 vi.餓得要死starve to deathbe starved of/ starve for:渴望她很寂寞，渴望友誼：She is lonely, starving for f

34、riendship.The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection.渴望母愛他們在沙漠中迷路而餓死。他們正急需一大筆錢來完成工作。They got lost in the desert and _.They are _ a sum of money to finish their work.n. starvation餓死： die of_5. a year/ day of plenty富裕 /豐收的年月days/ years of plenty Have we got enough apples? Yes

35、, there are plenty in the basket.plenty of +復(fù)數(shù) n/ 不可數(shù) nplenty of eggs/ food/milk足夠的 6. honour ( 英 ) /honor ( 美 ) 1) 光榮，榮譽 (n)They fight for the honour of the country.One must show ho nour to one s parents.2) in honour of為了紀念A(yù) festival is set in honour of the hero.3) an hounour 光榮的人或事情Liu Xiang is an

36、 honour to our country.4) 尊敬 ,給以榮譽（ v）Children should honour their parents.7. satisfyvt. vi.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足Nothing can satisfy him except the best.Some people are really hard to satisfy.sb. be satisfied with對 滿意e.g. She ssatisfiednot with her new house.令人滿意的：satisfying, satisfactory滿意： satisfaction8. please

37、vt. 使愉快，取悅It is difficult toplease everybody.Our aim is to please the customers.pleased(人 ) 高興的愉快的Pleasing(物 ) 令人愉快的pleasant(物 ) 好聽的，令人舒服的pleasure高興的事情聽到她悅耳的聲音我們很高興.We are _ to hear her _voice. It is such a _ to us.I was very _ to hear the news.The news was very _ to us.9. harmn損害，傷害e.g. He meant no

38、 harm to you.( He didn t intend to hurt you.)do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sbThe events has harmed the relations between the two countries.10. They offer food, flowers and gift .詞語辨析： offer, provide, supplyoffer 主動提供。 offer sth to sb; offer sb sthprovide 供給（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。provide sth (for sb); provid

39、e sb with sth.supply:供應(yīng)（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sthWhen I meet difficulty, my roommates will_me help.他們懸賞找回丟失的珠寶。They_a reward for the return of the lost jewels.政府得提供這些老人們吃穿。The government need to_these old people with food and clothes.每個月都得供應(yīng)足夠的電。Electricity should be _enough ev

40、ery month.11. in memory of = to the memory ofsbThe museumwas built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor ofin charge ofin search of sb. / sth.12. dress up 盛裝打扮，化裝打扮You don t have dressto up. Come as you are.Children love dressing up in Halloween.dress oneself 給某人自己穿衣dress sb給某人穿衣服你認識穿著白色裙子的那個女孩

41、嗎？Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?選詞填空： weardresshave onput on1.My daughter is now able toherself.2.Mr. Wu alwaysa blue coat in Winter.3.Xiao Wanga white shirt today.4.I like tomy hat

42、 when I go out in Winter.13. award n. 獎品，獎項，獎金 , 助學(xué)金She showed us the awards she had won.Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.vt. 授予裁定award sb sth= award sth to sbThe judges awarded both teams equal points.reward 回報 ,報酬他因為努力學(xué)習(xí)而受獎。他用100 塊錢酬謝這個工人。He _ for studying hard.He _the worker wit

43、h 100 yuan.14. admire sb/sth (for )欽佩，羨慕They admired our garden.I admire him for his success in business.我們都欽佩他的勇氣和膽識。We all _his courage and bravery.admiration名詞admirable形容詞15. look forward to(介詞 ) + n/ v-ing盼望，期待I m looking forward to his coming.以下短語中的to 也為介詞，后面加doing ，而不是dopay attention to注意devot

44、eto致力于prefer to更加喜歡get down to開始做be used to習(xí)慣于-ward向著方向backward 向后forward向前16. as though= as if好像，仿佛1. 虛擬語氣 (從句所用的時態(tài)比前面真實句所用的時態(tài)倒退一個時態(tài) .) He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.He talks as if/though he knew everything. He looks as if he were ill.2. 陳述語氣（表示很可能的事實就用陳述語氣,)It looks as if/ though i

45、t is going to rain.1.）他向我招手好像有事情告訴我。He waved to me as if to tell me something.2.） 這女孩環(huán)顧四周好像在找什么東西。The girl looked around as if in search of something.3.) 他說起來好像他是一個專家似的。He talks as if he _ an expert.4.) 他英語講得很流利，就像在英國學(xué)的一樣。He spoke English so fluently as if he_ it in England.5.) 看起來我們對要贏了。It looks as

46、 if our team _.17. turn up1) appear 出現(xiàn) ,露面他到目前還沒有出現(xiàn)。He _so far.你總是遲到 !( 做事慢慢吞吞的)Youre always _ late for everything!2) 調(diào)大聲音，把 .開大點兒請把火調(diào)大一點。 Please _ the fire.相關(guān)短語:turn down關(guān)小，拒絕turn off關(guān)掉turn on打開turn out結(jié)果是turn to sb. for help向某人求助18. keep one s word守信用 , 遵守諾言break one s word違背諾言in a word簡言之in other

47、 words換句話說have a word with sb.與某人交談have words with sb. (about sth.)關(guān)于某事與某人爭吵我想和你談一下。I d like to _ with you.A gentleman should always _ his _.A. keeps; wordB. keep; wordC. keeps; wordsD. keep; words19. hold one s breath屏息當(dāng)那個女孩看到那條蛇的時候，她屏住呼吸。The girl _ at the sight of the snake.take breath呼吸lose one s breath= beout of breath喘不過氣來breathe v.breathn.When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _.?A. under our breathB. lost our breath?C. caught o