高中英語主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)匯總

1、高中英語高中英語主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1.表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞如表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示等用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)意義。e.g. The ice-creams smell sweet. Such kind of cloth feels soft. The news proved to be true.2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等等與與well, smoothl

2、y, easily，slowly, quickly, perfectly, badly等副詞連用等副詞連用時(shí)，時(shí)，或與cant, wont 等連用，說明主語的固有屬性或內(nèi)在的說明主語的固有屬性或內(nèi)在的“性性能能”“”“特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)”，用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)。，用主動(dòng)代替被動(dòng)。e.g. 1) This kind of book sells well.比較：比較：This kind of book has been sold out. 2) His shirts wash easily.比較：比較：His shirt are washed by his wife.The cloth washes well.

3、這種布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 這書銷售得快。This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 這乳酪不容易切，太軟了。This shirt will wear very long. 這襯衫可以穿很久。 These plays act wonderfully這些劇演得好。 Kates book reads like an interesting novel凱特的這本書讀起來像本有趣的小說。 The door wont shut. 這門關(guān)不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically.

4、超級(jí)市場(chǎng)的門是自動(dòng)關(guān)的。3. 不及物動(dòng)詞及一些固定短語不及物動(dòng)詞及一些固定短語不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)： take place, happen, come up, run out（用完）（用完）, give out（耗盡）（耗盡）, go out（熄滅）（熄滅）, come out（出版）（出版）, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等。等。e.g. The oil is running out. The accident happend b

5、y chance.4. 當(dāng)當(dāng)want, require, need，deserve，be worth后接后接doing作賓語作賓語 e.g. 花兒需要澆水了?；▋盒枰獫菜?。 The flowers want watering. The book is worth reading. The old building requires repairing. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting

6、 (needs to be cut). 5. 不定式不定式to let（出租）（出租）, to blame（該受責(zé)備）（該受責(zé)備）to seek表示被動(dòng)意義。表示被動(dòng)意義。e.g. 這棟樓正待出租。這棟樓正待出租。 The building is to let now. He is to blame for the accident。 The truth is not far to seek。6、不定式修飾作表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞時(shí)，不定式修飾作表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+形容詞形容詞 + 不定式不定式； 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓賓語語+形容詞形容詞+不定式不定式。如

7、果形容詞是表示。如果形容詞是表示難易、利難易、利弊弊等含義，如等含義，如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。等，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do. I found the car comfortable to ride in. That makes poetry difficult to write. 7. 不定式作后置定語修飾前面的名詞，且為動(dòng)不定式作后置定語修飾前面的

8、名詞，且為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。賓關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。e.g. I have a meeting to attend.恐怕我不能參加今晚的聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)槲疫€有很恐怕我不能參加今晚的聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)槲疫€有很多作業(yè)要做。多作業(yè)要做。Im afraid I cant take part in the party tonight, as I still have lots of homework to do.I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要寫。I want something to drink. 我想喝點(diǎn)什么。I want to get someth

9、ing to read. 我想找點(diǎn)東西閱讀?！咀ⅰ咳绻欢ㄊ降倪壿嬛髡Z不是句子的主語，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較：I have something to type. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字)I have something to be typed. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指請(qǐng)人打字)但有時(shí)含義有差別(不定式用主動(dòng)式可視為其前省略了for sb，用被動(dòng)式可視為其后省略了by sb)：There is nothing to do. 無事可做。(含有無聊之意)There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指沒有辦法了)There is nothing to see.

10、 沒什么可看的。(即不值一看)There is nothing to be seen. 沒看見什么。(指沒東西看)8. 有些動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)有些動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng) My book is missing. Something is burning. The paper is printing. My raincoat is hanging on the wall. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to

11、see 2. The food _ easily and sells _. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 3. The windows of the building cant _., A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed CAB被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)含義：被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)含義：一一)、不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只表完成不表被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只表完成不表被動(dòng)，因此在因此在be + p.p. 的句型中看似被動(dòng)實(shí)際是主動(dòng)。的句型中看似被動(dòng)實(shí)際

12、是主動(dòng)。 例如：例如：be gone , be retired , be graduated fromThe days are gone when China was both poor and backward. 二）、過去分詞變成了形容詞二）、過去分詞變成了形容詞, 因此也是看似被動(dòng)因此也是看似被動(dòng)實(shí)際表狀態(tài)實(shí)際表狀態(tài), 為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。尤其是后邊加介詞更為為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。尤其是后邊加介詞更為多見。多見。例如：例如：be interested in，be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be sho

13、cked, be moved, be amazed, be delighted, be ashamed 等。等。三）、三）、某些特殊動(dòng)詞：某些特殊動(dòng)詞： be seated = sit down, take ones seat 就座就座Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. The woman seated by the window is his mother.= The woman sitting by the window is his mother.這樣的動(dòng)詞本來就是及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面可跟反這樣的動(dòng)詞本來就是及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面可跟反身代詞做賓語身

14、代詞做賓語She seated herself on the sofa. 2. be prepared (for) = prepare (for); be ready (for)）（為）（為)準(zhǔn)備好準(zhǔn)備好She was prepared for anything to happen. Well-prepared for the exam, all the students took it confidently.3. be worried (about ) = worry (about) 對(duì)對(duì)擔(dān)心擔(dān)心She was worried about her missing son.= She wor

15、ried herself about her missing son. 4. be dressed (in) = wear 穿著穿著She is dressed in red today.Hurry up and get dressed! 5. be concerned (about/ with ) = care about/ be relevant to/ be about 關(guān)心關(guān)心; 與與有關(guān)聯(lián)有關(guān)聯(lián)We are all concerned about his health. Were all concerned for her safety. This book is concerned

16、 with the adolescent crime.5. be supposed (to) = should 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該 Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? = Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?6. be devoted to =be loving or loyal 熱愛的熱愛的; 忠忠實(shí)的實(shí)的 She is devoted to her children. 她深愛她的孩子她深愛她的孩子.Her life was devoted to caring for th

17、e sick and needy. 她一生都致力于關(guān)心照顧貧病交迫的她一生都致力于關(guān)心照顧貧病交迫的人。人。7. be addicted (to) = be strongly interested (in)對(duì)對(duì)上癮上癮He was addicted to smoking. 8. be used (to) 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat. 9. be accustomed (to) =be used (to) 習(xí)慣習(xí)慣（于（于.) I soon got accustomed to his strange w

18、ays. 1._( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.2. After _ (stay) here for 1 year, he _(accustom) to the hot weather.3. You _ (suppose) to arrive here before 8 oclock.4. You can pass the exam as long as you _ (prepare, well) for it.5. After all the people _ (seat), the chairman announced the start

19、 of the meeting.Dressedstayingis accustomedare supposedare well-prepared were seatedRead the sentences and answer the questions.1. It tells us who did the action.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.Flor

20、ences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.11. What does the word by in the first three sentences tell you?What are the differences between the two sentences?More than eight million tourists visit Paris every years.Paris is visited by more

21、than eight million tourists every years.2. The focus is different. In the first sentences it is Paris which is more important. In the second sentence we are more interested n the tourists.3. In sentence d, because we understand that it means “is known by everyone”, and the inclusion of the agent wou

22、ld be superfluous. In sentence e because we arent interested in who built it(although it would be perfectly alright to add “by Iktino and Kallikrates” here).d. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.e. The Parthenon was built during this period.Why is the word by not in the senten

23、ces d and e?Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year.London was visited by ten million people last year.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonado da Vinci.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.The great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Check your answers:2No, it isnt . It

24、s located in Paris.No, it isnt . It is situated on the River Seine.No, it isnt . Its visited by one million tourists every year.No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.No, it isnt . The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.Check your answers:3 形式形式時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be的變化形式的變化形式

25、+ 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過去分詞實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過去分詞現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)一般將來時(shí)態(tài)一般將來時(shí)態(tài)一般過去將來時(shí)態(tài)一般過去將來時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)將來完成時(shí)態(tài)將來完成時(shí)態(tài)過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài)過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài) am (is , are ) was ( were) shall ( will) be should (would) be am(is, are) being was (were ) being has (have) been had been shall (will) have been shoul

26、d (would) have been+done課后練習(xí)課后練習(xí)將下面主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，將下面主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。每空一詞。1. All the people made fun of him. He _ _ _ _ by all the people.2. The whole country uses electricity widely. Electricity _ _ _ in the whole country.was made fun ofis widely used3. People say that house price will continue

27、 to go up in the next few years. _ _ _ that house price will continue to go up in the next few years.4. We expect all the students to come early to school. All the students _ _ to come early to school.It is saidare expected5. We found him working in the fields when we arrived. He _ _ _ in the fields

28、 when we arrived.6. The father made the boy work on the farm during summer holidays. The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays.was found workingwas made to work7. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.8. People all over the world know Picasso. Picasso

29、 _ _ _ people all over the world.is being taken care ofis known by9. The couple provide money for their son to study abroad. The couples son _ _ _ money to study abroad.10. Eleven players make up a soccer team. A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.was provided withis made up of被動(dòng)態(tài)用于以下各種情況：A 動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者很明

30、顯，沒有必要提到時(shí)：The rubbish hasnt been collected垃圾沒有清走。The streets are swept every day馬路每天都清掃。Your hand will be X-rayed你的手要照X片。 B 不知道、不確切知道或忘記了誰是施動(dòng)者時(shí)：不知道、不確切知道或忘記了誰是施動(dòng)者時(shí)： The minister was murdered 部長被謀殺了。部長被謀殺了。 My car has been moved！ 我的汽車被挪動(dòng)過了！我的汽車被挪動(dòng)過了！ Youll be met at the station 有人會(huì)到車站去接你。有人會(huì)到車站去接你。 I

31、ve been told that 有人告訴我說有人告訴我說 C 主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的主語是人們時(shí)：主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的主語是人們時(shí)： He is suspected of receiving stolen goods 他被懷疑接受了贓物。（人們懷疑他他被懷疑接受了贓物。（人們懷疑他） They are supposed to be living in New York 據(jù)猜測(cè)他們現(xiàn)在住在紐約。（人們猜測(cè)他們住據(jù)猜測(cè)他們現(xiàn)在住在紐約。（人們猜測(cè)他們住在在） （關(guān)于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，參見第（關(guān)于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，參見第245節(jié)與節(jié)與第第306節(jié)。）節(jié)。）D.對(duì)所做的事比對(duì)做事的人更感興趣時(shí)： The house next door has been bought（by a Mr Jones） 隔壁的房子被（一個(gè)叫瓊斯的先生的人）買下了。 如果認(rèn)識(shí)瓊斯先生，就會(huì)使用主動(dòng)態(tài)： Your fathers friend，Mr Jones，h