2014閱讀表達2

1、復習研討課復習研討課一、什么是閱讀表達一、什么是閱讀表達？ “閱讀表達閱讀表達”顧名思義，就是將閱讀顧名思義，就是將閱讀理解和書面表達結合在了一起。要求理解和書面表達結合在了一起。要求學生在閱讀理解的基礎上，將理解的學生在閱讀理解的基礎上，將理解的內容根據短文后的題目要求書面表達內容根據短文后的題目要求書面表達出來，并且還得用簡潔、準確的句子。出來，并且還得用簡潔、準確的句子。 我們如何去應對？發(fā)現(xiàn)學生暴露出來的問題發(fā)現(xiàn)學生暴露出來的問題 ：1.審題不清。審題不清。包括：(1)未理解命題人的設題目的，答非所問。未理解命題人的設題目的，答非所問。(2)不按題目要求答題，格式、字數等出現(xiàn)問題。不按

2、題目要求答題，格式、字數等出現(xiàn)問題。2.理解偏差。理解偏差。 3、表達有誤。、表達有誤。包括：（1）單詞拼寫有誤，大小寫混亂，造成）單詞拼寫有誤，大小寫混亂，造成表達不清。表達不清。（2）無語法可言，組不成完整的句子。）無語法可言，組不成完整的句子。（3）詞匯量有限，用詞不準確，詞不達）詞匯量有限，用詞不準確，詞不達義。義。（4）書寫較差，字跡潦草）書寫較差，字跡潦草 ，難以辨認。，難以辨認。參考評分標準參考評分標準得分語言內容 語言形式（語法） 2 2分 針對問題作出正確的回答，內容清晰、完整，不會產生歧義或引起誤解； 答題所有詞匯數量符合題目要求；語法、單詞拼寫（含大小寫）準確無誤； 1

3、1分針對問題作出基本正確的回答，內容可能不夠完整，但不會產生歧義或引起誤解； 答題所用詞匯數量超過題目要求數量較多；或有個別語法和單詞拼寫（含大小寫）錯誤；但對表達含義影響不大； 0 0分答非所問：回答過于簡略或草率，難于理解或引起誤解； 沒有意義、無法理解的單詞堆砌。 能力目標： 閱讀表達題要求學生具備綜合閱讀的能力，包括語篇領悟能力和語言解碼能力；既考閱讀又考表達，具體考查： 1. 閱讀閱讀獲取信息獲取信息能力能力 2. 加工處理信息加工處理信息能力、能力、 3. 綜合概括信息綜合概括信息能力能力 4. 表達信息表達信息能力能力文體選擇文體選擇 文章的選擇以記敘、議論、夾敘夾議等為主，但是

4、要保證敘述或內容的完整性。所選短文內容邏輯性強，文章層次分明，結構嚴謹。 通過閱讀短文，完成通過閱讀短文，完成5個小題個小題閱讀表達題型閱讀表達題型1. 確認指代指代關系；2短文信息簡短問答信息簡短問答；3補全補全文章中空缺的句空缺的句子；4. 概括主旨大意、標題大意、標題，或指出作者 寫作的主要意圖寫作的主要意圖；5. 歸納、評價等開放性問答；6. 必要時可根據短文的體裁或題材設置必要時可根據短文的體裁或題材設置其它題目類型。其它題目類型。Examples 16Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenager

5、s because there is a wide range of choices for them.What does the word “them” propably refer to (no more than 2 words) ? 解題技巧解題技巧1. 確認指代關系確認指代關系teenagersExamples 21Have you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even cant sleep at nigh

6、t ? If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something . This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry,sad,scared, or afraid- of which can give you a stomachache or a headache. What does the word “so” probably refer to? (no mor

7、e than 20 words) You have ever been so worried about something that at night歸納總結：指代關系歸納總結：指代關系詞及注意細節(jié)詞及注意細節(jié)1. 考查的指代詞通常有考查的指代詞通常有that、what 、 it、its 、whose 、 this、they、them、one、so 、such等。等。( (詞性詞性及及單單復數復數) ) 2.2.解題步驟解題步驟: :首先首先,返回原文，找到該指代詞返回原文，找到該指代詞;其次其次,找找到最近的名詞、名詞性詞組或句子；到最近的名詞、名詞性詞組或句子；最后最后,代入檢查代入檢查

8、，看意思是否通順。這道題答案能在文中找到，不，看意思是否通順。這道題答案能在文中找到，不要用自己的語言歸納，通常代詞所指代的名詞就在要用自己的語言歸納，通常代詞所指代的名詞就在本句或上下句之中。本句或上下句之中。 3. 3.指示詞的替代一般注意這些詞指示詞的替代一般注意這些詞前后的句子前后的句子；關系；關系詞的替代找詞的替代找先行詞先行詞；尤其注意；尤其注意itit做做形式主語形式主語和和形式形式賓語賓語的替代用法。的替代用法。4.4.答案要完整規(guī)范，注意答案要完整規(guī)范，注意字數要求字數要求。指代關系易錯小結指代關系易錯小結Please point out what the underline

9、d words refer to?1. I have to admit that the person whose father was dead is really a diligent man. 2. Jack and his classmates have many pens, though most of them are not new any more. 3.It is no use complaining about a deaf man. the personspenscomplaining about a deaf man指代關系易錯小結指代關系易錯小結Please poin

10、t out what the underlined words refer to?4.It is difficult for us to go abroad. 5.Dont take it for granted that we will answer for our present behaviors in time. 6.Can you see to it that the plane will leave now? to go abroadthat 從句the plane will leave now2.短文信息簡短問答短文信息簡短問答命題形式：常對文中的一些細節(jié)進行設問解題技巧：1.信

11、息定位，從文中搜索與問題相似的內容或關鍵詞，往往答案就在其中，有時需綜合原文信息自己歸納總結答案。2. 回答時要忠于原文信息，語言要簡潔通 順規(guī)范。提問形式：(1)what開頭的問句： 在回答的時候，要用名詞性的短語或從句，一般為名詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、主語從句、表語從句名詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、主語從句、表語從句或賓語從句?；蛸e語從句。 (2)以why開頭的問句： 要用原因狀語或者原因狀語從句來回答，常用because或者或者because of,有時也用有時也用to do來開頭。來開頭。 (3)以How開頭的問句： 這種問句一般表程度或方式。在簡答題中極少考表程度的意思，所以在回答How

12、開頭的問句時，般用表方式的介詞方式的介詞by或者或者through來來開頭。開頭。(4)以when開頭的問句： 以when開頭的問句表示時間。要用時間狀語或者時間狀語從句回答,常用來開頭的連詞有when，介詞有，介詞有at，on，in，before，between，after，during等等。 (5)以where開頭的問句： 以where開頭的問句表示地點。要用地點狀語或地點狀語從句來回答。常用來開頭的連詞有連詞有where，介詞有，介詞有at，in，on等等。Examples 14The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced

13、life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure(休閑）and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, youll probably feel less stressed.According to the passage , whats the best way to fight against the stress? (no more than 5 words)Ha

14、ving a balanced life.Examples 24The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure(休閑）,and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, youll probably feel less stressed.List at lea

15、st three ways to keep away the stress according to the passage. (no more than 5words)Sleep, Exercise, Leisure, and Food 3A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence over every

16、thing else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Q: What emotional difficulties may be the causes of te

17、xt addiction? (no more than 5 words) Keys: stress, anxiety and relationship problems3 3. .補全文章空缺的句子補全文章空缺的句子 它將原文中的一個句子或是句子的一部分去掉，讓學生根據上下文的段意進行推敲，進而填空完成這一句子。解題時，注意：1. 句意通順性（注意上下文邏輯關系句意通順性（注意上下文邏輯關系 如遞進，轉如遞進，轉折，并列，對比，因果等）折，并列，對比，因果等）2. 語法規(guī)范性語法規(guī)范性 （句子，短語或者單詞，單復數、（句子，短語或者單詞，單復數、字數等，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，平行結構）字數等，時態(tài)，語態(tài)

18、，平行結構）3.代入答案檢查，看上下文是否通順，能代入答案檢查，看上下文是否通順，能 否恢復文章作者原本想表達的思想、內否恢復文章作者原本想表達的思想、內 容或意圖。容或意圖。 Most American teenagers used to spend their summer vacations holding multiple jobs. However, with the increase in gas prices, teenagers chose to stay at home instead of going out of the town. I wish the prices .

19、 The expense of driving to places is affecting our daily lives, said Alicia Still, a senior at Enochs High School in Modesto, California.would go down / decrease / be as low as before / be as low as it was / be as low as it used to be Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and is usually

20、 served at room temperature. As a result, the British are famous for their warm beer. If you prefer a cold beer, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in color whereas bitter is usually a darker brown. All beers are served as pints(500ml)or halves (250ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint o

21、r half, and then name the beer. So, you could say_. Q: Please fill in the blank with the proper words to complete the sentence?(no more than 10 words) Keys: a pint of bitter, please a half of lager, please.4 4. .概括主旨大意、標題，或指出作者概括主旨大意、標題，或指出作者 寫作意圖寫作意圖1. Whats the best title of the passage?2. Whats t

22、he purpose of the writers writing this passage?3. Whats the main idea of the passage?Intention, aim(s), goal(s), target(s).4. 4. 常用常用歸納概括詞歸納概括詞總結總結 表原因：表原因： reason (for/why), cause (of)； 表目的：表目的： purpose (of), aim, goal； 表種類：表種類： kind, type, category, style (風格風格)； 表方式、方法：表方式、方法： means, way, method，

23、solution, approach(to)；常見的歸納概括詞 表建議：表建議： advice(on/about), suggestion (on/about), tip； 表態(tài)度、觀點：表態(tài)度、觀點： attitude(to), idea, opinion (on/about) ； 表用途、功能：表用途、功能： use, usage, function； 表意義，重要性，價值：表意義，重要性，價值： significance, importance; value常見的歸納概括詞 表介紹，信息：表介紹，信息： introduction， information 表特點，特征：表特點，特征： f

24、eature, characteristic, character(性格性格)； 表來源，歷史：表來源，歷史： history, source, origin； 表影響，結果：表影響，結果： effect, influence, result, consequence； 表措施，行動：表措施，行動： measure 表益處，不利：表益處，不利： benefit, advantage, disadvantage；shortcoming常見的歸納概括詞1Having one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Eve

25、n if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster often within a day or two.2Walk it off.3give yourself a pep talk.4Reduce your stress.5Avoid things that wont improve your mood.Whats the main idea of the passage

26、? (no more than 8 words)How to get rid of your bad mood. /Ways of overcoming your bad mood.1.標題的擬定應注意標題的擬定應注意：要注意題目不宜過大（太籠統(tǒng)）或是過小（太絕要注意題目不宜過大（太籠統(tǒng)）或是過?。ㄌ^對）；要避免下列三種錯誤：對）；要避免下列三種錯誤：(1)概括不夠概括不夠:多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導致范圍多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導致范圍太??；太小；(2)過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍）；過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍）；(3)以事實、細節(jié)替代抽象概括的大意。以事實、細節(jié)替代抽象概括的大意。

27、2. 概括大意：概括大意：（1）找主題句（首段、尾段、段首句、段尾句）找主題句（首段、尾段、段首句、段尾句）（2）找主題詞（尋找主題詞或詞組，特別注意高）找主題詞（尋找主題詞或詞組，特別注意高頻詞，再歸納總結）。每個題目都有個得分點。頻詞，再歸納總結）。每個題目都有個得分點。比如某一文章的主題句為：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.話題：話題：Coffee限制性概念：限制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different

28、 ways around the world標題：標題：Coffee Around the World得分點是：得分點是：Coffee 和和Around the World5、歸納、評價等開放性問答（1）根據題目要求，對文章信息進行歸納整合，并作出合理判斷或評價。（2）雖然開放，但在答題中，要符合文章語境和行文邏輯和要求，同時，對字數也有要求。4 Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka.5 It is not, however, nece

29、ssary to drink alcohol. Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have juice, lemonade or cola, among others.6 If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your round.If you are in a pub, what would you like to drink? Why?(no more than 20 words)Id like to drink red wine. Beca

30、use it is good for my health.6Accept the jokes. One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humor. Kidding,teasing, or “taking the mick” are all ways to describe making fun of someone but this isnt necessarily a bad thing. Playing tricks on someone is a common way to show affection. As B

31、ritons usually put it,“ you never make fun of someone you dont like”.Whats your understanding about the underlined sentence in the last paragragh?(no more than 20 words)If someone makes fun of you, it means he/she likes you.歸納與總結歸納與總結解題思路解題思路一掃題一掃題二定位二定位三瀏覽三瀏覽四分析整合四分析整合五選詞五選詞六代檢六代檢方法步驟方法步驟1. 掃題掃題：掃描

32、：掃描題目題目（一般（一般2-3個題目有意義）個題目有意義）2. 定位定位：定位定位所需信息，把所需信息，把題號標入原文題號標入原文3. 瀏覽瀏覽：瀏覽瀏覽全文，確定全文，確定主題主題與與中心思想中心思想4. 分析整合分析整合:分析分析結構和內容結構和內容，理清，理清段落大意段落大意5. 選詞選詞：分析整合、歸納概括、準確表達分析整合、歸納概括、準確表達6. 代檢代檢：認真：認真校對校對，糾正糾正錯誤錯誤 Key 1.To give people some advice on how to deal with anger.2.How to deal with3. I will first fi

33、nd the real cause of my anger and then calm down before I express myself reasonably.4.Because it can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.5.Anger. Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to th

34、e doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there

35、 were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food. There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food sho

36、ps. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives. There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days _. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the TV or their computers and p