英美文學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(適用于英語(yǔ)專八)

1、.Old English Literature 古英語(yǔ)文學(xué)（450-1066年）Beowulf （貝奧武甫）-The first English national epic中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)文學(xué)（1066-1500）Geoffrey Chaucer (喬叟，c. 13431400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集, called the father of English literature“英國(guó)文學(xué)之父”William Langland (朗格蘭，1330?-1400?),the a

2、uthor of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman農(nóng)夫皮爾斯. 文藝復(fù)興（16-17世紀(jì)）William Shakespeare (莎士比亞，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 維拉斯和阿多尼斯The Rape of Lucrece.魯克麗絲受辱記 Shakespeares g

3、reatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 李爾王,Macbeth麥克白,Hamlet哈姆雷特, Othello奧賽羅,Romeo and Juliet 羅密歐與朱麗葉great comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之夢(mèng),As You Like It 皆大歡喜 ,The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人, Twelfth Night 第十二夜great historical plays: Richard III 理查三世 ,Henry IV 亨利四世, Henry V 亨利五世, Hen

4、ry VII 亨利八世John Milton (彌爾頓, 1608-1674) was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost失樂(lè)園, Paradise Regained復(fù)樂(lè)園 Samson 力士參孫.18世紀(jì)文學(xué)和新古典主義Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the ei

5、ghteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 諷刺雋語(yǔ)and heroic couplet英雄雙韻體.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 人論and An Essay on Criticism 論批評(píng)Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，16601731) was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe魯濱遜漂流記, spokesman

6、 for middle-class peopleHenry Fielding (菲爾丁, 1707 -1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones.Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gullivers Travels格列佛游記. Richard Sheridan ( 謝立丹，17511816), Irish playwr

7、ight ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造謠學(xué)校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,17131768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （商第傳）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥爾德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar

8、 of Wakefield (威克菲爾德牧師傳記)Thomas Gray (托馬斯格雷 17161771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard（墓畔哀歌）, writer of sentimentalism感傷派.浪漫主義（18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初）William Blake (1757 1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 天真之歌and Song of Exper

9、ience經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌. William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集.Wordsworths magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude序曲. Samuel Taylor C

10、oleridge(柯勒律治, 1772 1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子頌 and Kubla Khan忽必烈汗George Gordon Byron (拜倫，17

11、881824 ) was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.Amongst Byrons best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 哈羅爾德游記and Don Juan唐璜Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poet

12、s in the English language. He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind西風(fēng)頌, To a Skylark致云雀, Prometheus Unbound解放了的普羅米修斯.Mary Shelley (瑪麗 雪萊1797 1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 弗蘭肯斯坦, considered as first science fictionJohn Keats ( 濟(jì)慈, 17951821) was an

13、 English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 希臘古甕頌and Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌浪漫主義時(shí)期小說(shuō)家Jane Austen (17751817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility (理智與情感), Pride and Prejudice (

14、傲慢與偏見(jiàn)), Emma (愛(ài)瑪).Walter Scott (司各特, 1771-1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is Ivanhoe艾凡赫Realism 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期 （Victorian Age 維多利亞時(shí)期 1837-1901）Bronte sisters 勃朗寧姐妹, Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 1855), Emily (艾米麗, 1818 1848) and Anne (安妮, 1820 1849), were English writers of the 1840s

15、and 1850s. Charlottes Jane Eyre簡(jiǎn)愛(ài), Emilys Wuthering Heights 呼嘯山莊 and Anne's Agnes Grey艾格妮斯·格雷are masterpieces of English literature.George Elliot (喬治-愛(ài)略特，18191880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial Englan

16、d. Her major novels include:The Mill on the Floss佛洛斯河上的磨坊 Middlemarch米德爾瑪契.Charles Dickens (18121870)：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities 雙城記,Oliver Twist 奧利弗退斯特,David Copperfield 大衛(wèi)科波菲爾德, Great Expectation 遠(yuǎn)大前程, Hard Times 艱

17、難時(shí)世William Makepeace Thackeray (薩克雷，18111863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng)Mrs. Gaskell (蓋斯凱爾夫人 , 1810-1865)was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Her major novels include: Mary Barton 瑪麗 巴頓Thomas Hardy(哈代,

18、1840 1928) ,an English novelist of the naturalism自然主義. His major novels include: Tess of the dUrbervilles 德伯家的苔絲Far from the Madding Crowd 遠(yuǎn)離塵囂Jude the Obscure. 無(wú)名的裘德Most of his novels are set in Wessex（威塞克斯）. 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期詩(shī)歌Robert Browning (布朗寧, 18121889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery o

19、f dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues戲劇獨(dú)白, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including "Break, break, brea

20、k"Oscar Wilde (王爾德, 1854 1900) playwright and one novel, known for his aestheticism唯美主義(art for arts sake為了藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest不可兒戲; His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray道林-格雷的畫像20世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代主義Bernard Shaw (蕭伯納, 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, the g

21、reatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, Mrs Warrens Profession華倫夫人的情人, Major Barbara芭芭拉少校, Pygmalion 皮革馬力翁 and Saint Joa

22、n圣女貞德John Galsworthy (高爾斯華綏, 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th century， a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 福爾賽世家which comprises three novels:The Man of Property有產(chǎn)業(yè)的人, In Chancery衡平法院 To Let 出租Joseph Conrad (康拉德, 1857-1932)Conrad was born in Poland an

23、d an English novelist. His major novels include Lord Jim 吉姆爺and The Heart of Darkness黑暗的心. James Joyce (喬伊斯, 1882-1941):An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of the stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses 尤利西斯; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ; 青年藝術(shù)家的肖像Finnegans Wake; 芬尼根徹

24、夜祭Dubliners都柏林人E. M. Forster （福斯特, 1879-1970）an English novelist, A Passage to India 印度之行T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.David Herbert Lawrence (D.H.勞倫斯, 1885-1930), an English novelist. His most importa

25、nt novels are, Rainbow 彩虹 and Sons and Lovers兒子與情人. He is the founder of stream of consciousness意識(shí)流. William Butler Yeats (葉芝, 1865-1939)an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium駛向拜占庭and Leda and Swan利達(dá)和天鵝. Samuel Beckett (貝克特，1906-198

26、9), an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature. His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot等待戈多. He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd 荒誕派戲劇. Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克, 1919-1999), English female novelist, her major novels include Black Prince黑王子, The Sea, the Sea大海啊，大海and Unicorn 獨(dú)角獸D

27、oris Lessing (萊辛, 1919-) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Muriel Spark （斯帕克, 1918-2006）English female novelist, best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961) 布羅迪小姐的青春Virginia Woolf (伍爾夫, 1

28、882-1941)Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the most important female novelists. Her major works include Mrs. Dalloway達(dá)洛威夫人, To the Lighthouse 向燈塔去.美國(guó)文學(xué)殖民地革命時(shí)期 Benjamin Franklin (富蘭克林, 1706-1790): one of American founding fathers (建國(guó)之父)Major works: Autobiography自傳Poor Richards Almanack 窮人理

29、查歷書Jonathan Edwards (愛(ài)德華茲，1703 1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His work is often associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,"落在忿怒之神手中的罪人is credited for starting the First Great Awakening. Thomas Pain (潘恩, 1737-1809):British pam

30、phleteer. Major works: Common Sense常識(shí)（1776）Federalists Papers聯(lián)邦黨人文集: Alexander Hamilton漢密爾頓John Jay杰伊James Madison曼迪遜浪漫主義時(shí)期Romantic Period（1790-1865）：Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)Earlier Romantic Period:Washington Irving (1783-1859)Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) Washing

31、ton Irving (華盛頓 歐文, 1783-1859): American romantic novelist. He was best known for his short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle”, both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book見(jiàn)聞札記. Irving is the first American writer who gained international fame.James Fenimore Cooper (庫(kù)珀, 1

32、789-1851):American romantic novelist , best remembered for his Leatherstocking Tales 皮襪子故事 (The Pioneer拓荒者, Deer Slayer獵鹿者, Pathfinder探路人, Prairie大草原, The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人) featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. 2) Romantic Heyday (1830-1865): Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt Whit

33、manEmily Dickinson Nathaniel HawthorneHerman Melville Harriet Beecher StoweEdgar Allan PoeTranscendentalists（超驗(yàn)主義）: Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanWalt Whitman (惠特曼，1819-1882): American romantic poet, father of free verse(自由詩(shī)) , best known for his collection of poems Leaves of Gra

34、ss 草葉集Waldo Ralph Emerson (愛(ài)默生，1803-1882): leader of the transcendentalism, his essay Nature 論自然is the manifesto of transcendentalism. his another essay The American Scholar美國(guó)學(xué)者 is considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence”. Henry David Thoreau (梭羅, 18171862) : Am

35、erican romantic writer best known for his book Walden瓦爾登湖, a reflection upon simple living. Herman Melville (麥爾維爾, 18191891) : American novelist, best known for his novel Moby-Dick白鯨Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑, 18041864): American novelist, best known for his four romances(傳奇小說(shuō)):The Scarlet Letter紅字The

36、House of the Seven Gables 七個(gè)尖尖角的房子The Blithedale Romance福谷傳奇 The Marble Faun玉石人像Emily Dickinson (狄金森，18301886) American poetess, whose poetry are concerned with life, death and immortality.Harriet Beecher Stowe (斯托爾夫人, 18111896 American female novelist, whose novel Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) 湯姆叔叔的小屋att

37、acked the cruelty of slavery.) Realism 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Mark Twain (馬克吐溫1835 1910), American novelist. most noted for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記）and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克貝恩歷險(xiǎn)記Life on the Mississippi River密西西比河上的生活Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 亞瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美國(guó)佬The Gilded

38、Age 鍍金時(shí)代Henry James (亨利詹姆斯1843-1916), American realist novelist, founder of international novel（國(guó)際題材小說(shuō)） Important works:The American 美國(guó)人The Europeans 歐洲人The Portrait of a Lady 貴婦畫像The Wings of the Dove 鴿冀The Ambassadors 大使The Golden Bowl 金碗O. Henry 歐亨利 was the pen name of American novelist William S

39、ydney Porter (1862 1910). O. Henrys short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem (警察和贊美詩(shī)) and Gift of Magie (麥琪的禮物)William Dean Howells (豪威爾斯, 1837 1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic. Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 賽拉斯 拉帕姆的發(fā)跡Theodore

40、 Dreiser (德萊塞, 18711945) American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹and An American Tragedy 美國(guó)悲劇and his desire trilogy欲望三部曲:The Financier 金融家The Titan 巨頭The Stoic 斯多葛American Naturalist （自然主義）1) Stephen Crane 克萊恩2) Frank Norris

41、諾里斯3) Jack London 杰克-倫敦1) Stephen Crane (克萊恩, 18711900) was an American novelist. He won international acclaim for his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage紅色的英勇勛章.2) Frank Norris (諾瑞斯18701902) American novelist. His notable works include McTeague麥克提格 , The Octopus章魚3) Jack London (杰克 倫敦, 18

42、761916) American novelist, known for his novel Martin Eden 馬丁 伊登, The Call of the Wild 野性的呼喚. 20世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代主義-詩(shī)歌T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.Ezra Pound（龐德）: American imagist poet意象派詩(shī)人, major poems include C

43、antos 詩(shī)章, Hugh Selwyn Maubery (莫伯里), Cathay (華夏translation of ancient Chinese poems)Robert Frost (弗羅斯特, 18741963) American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech. His work was first recognized in England and

44、 then in America.Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote for the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.Allen Ginsberg (金斯伯格, 1926-1997), American poet of Beat Generation (垮掉的一代), best known for his poem “Howl”嚎Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 18991961) American novelist.

45、He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost Generation". He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:The Sun also Rises 太陽(yáng)照樣升起A Farewell to Arms 永別了-武器The Old Man and the Sea老人與海For Whom the Bell

46、 Tolls喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴“Meditation XVII”, an essay by metaphysical poet John Donne 多恩“any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” Fitzgerald (菲茨杰拉德, 18961940) American writer of novels, whose works are evocat

47、ive of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the “Lost Generation“. Most important works is The Great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比which represents the destruction of American dream.Lost Generation迷惘的一代:The 'Lost Generation' is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include authors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John D