第二章詞義選擇的準(zhǔn)確性

1、第二章詞義選擇的準(zhǔn)確性從安徽大學(xué)MTI班論文答辯情況看詞義選擇的重要性:1. WhileBrittanyremainsanintegralpartofFrance,thecreationofaScottishParliamentandaWelshAssemblyinthe1990sbroughtpoliticalautonomyfromEngland.【原譯】布列塔尼作為法國(guó)的一部分，在20世紀(jì)90年代加入了蘇格蘭國(guó)會(huì)和威爾士議會(huì)，讓它得到了英國(guó)的政治自治權(quán)。論文作者說(shuō)明：在查閱資料后，沒(méi)有找到布列塔尼地區(qū)政體的介紹，這里的原文也沒(méi)有做更為詳細(xì)的介紹，對(duì)于這里為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)ScottishPar

2、liament、WelshAssembly、politicalautonomyfromEngland感至U費(fèi)解。【改譯】雖然布列塔尼仍然是法國(guó)不可或缺的一部分，但是，二十世紀(jì)九十年代，在蘇格蘭產(chǎn)生了議會(huì),在威爾士產(chǎn)生了國(guó)民大會(huì),它們從英國(guó)獲得了政治上的自治。2. Theorigins,identity,andgeographicparametersoftheYueareasourceofscholarlycontroversy.TheYuepresumablylivedsouthoftheYangziRiver,possiblylivingasfarassouthernandsoutheast

3、erncoastsofpresent-dayChina.【原譯】越人的出身地、身份及地理參數(shù)是學(xué)術(shù)界一直爭(zhēng)論的話題。據(jù)推測(cè)，越人以前是住在長(zhǎng)江南岸，可能最遠(yuǎn)會(huì)到今天中國(guó)的南疆和東南疆?！靖淖g】越人的出身地、身份及地理位置都是學(xué)術(shù)爭(zhēng)論的話題。越人大概住在長(zhǎng)江以南，可能最遠(yuǎn)至今天中國(guó)的南部和東南部沿海地區(qū)。3. Theselawswererevisedandfinallycastontoatripodin513BCE.【原譯】這些法律被修訂并且最后在公元前513年投射到三角鼎上?！靖淖g】這些法律被修訂之后，最終于公元前513年被澆鑄在一個(gè)三角鼎In332BCE,AlexandertheGreatw

4、aswelcomedtoEgypt,andheabsorbedtheNileValleyintohisempire.【原譯】公元332年，亞歷山大大帝進(jìn)入埃及，并將尼羅河村列入其帝國(guó)范圍之內(nèi)?！靖淖g】公元前332年，亞歷山大大帝受恭迎進(jìn)入埃及，將尼羅河谷列入其帝國(guó)范圍。本章主要內(nèi)容：第一節(jié)科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的來(lái)源、分類及特征1. 科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的來(lái)源和分類2. 科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)詞特征3. 科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的其他特征第二節(jié)科技英語(yǔ)詞匯語(yǔ)義的確定及翻譯1. 根據(jù)詞匯的聯(lián)立關(guān)系確定詞義2. 根據(jù)詞匯的語(yǔ)法功能確定詞義3. 根據(jù)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域確定詞義第三節(jié)科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的認(rèn)知隱喻1. 隱喻創(chuàng)造科技英語(yǔ)詞匯的重要手段2.

5、科技英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)與隱喻3. 英漢認(rèn)知隱喻對(duì)比及其翻譯練習(xí)Combustionaerosol燃燒氣溶膠(2)basebandtransmission通信基帶傳輸ultra-highcapacity超大容量能力constructionjoint建施工縫(4) systemstructureparameters系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)speeddial快速撥號(hào)(7) lithosphere地巖石圈metabolism新陳代謝(8) potentiometer電工學(xué)電位計(jì)；電勢(shì)(差)計(jì)；電位器；分壓器desalinization化工土壤脫鹽(9) bivalve雙殼貝；無(wú)脊椎雙殼類動(dòng)物；植物學(xué)有雙瓣的T-track錘

6、形軌跡句子(2)Allglassisproducedbymelting,butthisstageiswherethefloatglassprocessisunique.Themoltenglassflowsoutofthefurnaceontoabathofmoltentin.Itfloatsontopofthetin,hencethenamefloatglass”.【參考譯文】所有的玻璃都是通過(guò)熔化生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的，但浮法玻璃工藝的獨(dú)特之處就在這個(gè)(熔化)階段。熔融的玻璃從窯爐中流到錫液槽上。玻璃在錫上漂浮，“浮法玻璃”因此而得名。(3)Mostofthesesingle-celledformsm

7、akelightwhenevertheyarestimulatedorirritatedbysomethingaroundthem.Somekinds,however,producelightonlyatnight.【參考譯文】大多數(shù)這些單細(xì)胞體在受到周?chē)臇|西刺激或被激怒時(shí)，都能發(fā)光。不過(guò)，有些只能在夜間發(fā)光。（6）Highresolutionandaccuraciescanbeobtained,andthesedevicesmaybemechanicallycoupledtoprovideadirectdigitaloutputofanyparameterwhichgivesrisetoa

8、measurablephysicaldisplacement.【參考譯文】（利用這些設(shè)備）能達(dá)到很高的分辨率和精度，而且這些設(shè)備可以進(jìn)行機(jī)械連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)引起某個(gè)可測(cè)量物理偏移的任何參數(shù)的直接數(shù)字輸出。（8）Eachtimealivewireissurroundedbyamagneticfield,theforceactingonthewireisproportionaltothecurrentandthestrengthofthefield.【參考譯文】每當(dāng)電線通電，其周?chē)彤a(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)。作用于電線的磁勢(shì)力（大?。┡c電流和磁場(chǎng)力成正比。（10）Thereasonthatevenminuteconce

9、ntrationsofrecalcitrantcompoundscanbeharmfulisthephenomenonknownasbiomagnification,wherebyaconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsbyorganismsoccursnotonlyinaseriesofstepsupthefoodchain,butalsobydirectuptakefromwater.【參考譯文】由于一種叫做生物放大效應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象，甚至濃度很小的難分解化合物也是有害的。據(jù)此，生物體內(nèi)有毒化學(xué)藥劑濃度不僅會(huì)在食物鏈的一系列步驟中升高，而且也會(huì)因從水中直接攝入而升高。Thefo

10、llowingisanexampleshowinghowbio-magnificationtakesplaceinnature:Ananchovy（鳳尾魚(yú)）eatszoo-planktonthathastinyamountsofmercurythatthezoo-planktonhaspickedupfromthewaterthroughouttheanchovieslifespan.Atuna（金槍魚(yú)）eatsmanyoftheseanchoviesoveritslife,accumulatingthemercury（汞）ineachofthoseanchoviesintoitsbody.I

11、fthemercurystuntsthegrowthoftheanchovies,thattunaisrequiredtoeatmorelittlefishtostayalive.Becausetherearemorelittlefishbeingeaten,themercurycontentismagnified.Biologicalmagnificationoftenreferstotheprocesswherebycertainsubstancessuchaspesticidesorheavymetalsmoveupthefoodchain,worktheirwayintoriverso

12、rlakes,andareeatenbyaquaticorganismssuchasfish,whichinturnareeatenbylargebirds,animalsorhumans.Thesubstancesbecomeconcentratedintissuesorinternalorgansastheymoveupthechain.Bioaccumulantsaresubstancesthatincreaseinconcentrationinlivingorganismsastheytakeincontaminatedair,water,orfoodbecausethesubstan

13、cesareveryslowlymetabolizedorexcreted（排泄）.五、段落Semiconductorlasersarebuiltonflat,layeredchips.Theyincludealayerofn-typesemiconductor,whichislacedwithanimpuritythatgivesitspare,negativelychargedelectrons,andap-typelayer,whichisdeficientinelectrons,andsobehavesasifitcontainedspare,positivelychargedhole

14、s”Supplyingelectricalenergytothechipelevatestheelectronstoanexcitedstate.Lightisgeneratedwhensomeoftheexcitedelectronscombinewithholesinanintermediatejunctionlayerbetweenthetwotypesofsemiconductor.Thissetsoffacascadewithinthejunctionlayer,asthelightfromthefirstelectronsstimulatesotherstoemitlight.【參

15、考譯文】在扁平的分層集成電路片上嵌入半導(dǎo)體激光器。它們包括一層n型半導(dǎo)體（摻入一種（受主）雜質(zhì)使其擁有多余的負(fù)荷電子）和一層p型半導(dǎo)體（因缺少電子，其表現(xiàn)為好像含有多余的正荷“空穴”）。向集成電路片供電能使電子處于某種激勵(lì)狀態(tài)。兩類半導(dǎo)體之間在中間結(jié)層中，當(dāng)某些受激勵(lì)的電子與空穴結(jié)合時(shí)，就產(chǎn)生了光。因?yàn)榈谝慌娮影l(fā)出的光刺激其他的電子發(fā)光，就引起了結(jié)層內(nèi)的級(jí)聯(lián)（反應(yīng)）。八、篇章2013FresnelPrizeAwardedtoChenYuao,AYoungQuantumScientistfromUSTCOnMay14th,CHENYuao（陳宇翱），a32-year-oldphysicssci

16、entistfromUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina（USTC）,wasawardedthe2013Fresnel（菲涅爾）PrizebytheEuropeanPhysicalSocietyinMunich,Germany,with“hisoutstandingcontributionstoquantummanipulation（量子操縱）basedonphottonsandcoldatomsaswellasinthefieldofquantuminformationandquantumsimulation”.TheFresnelPrizeisna

17、medafterAugustin-JeanFresnel,thegreatestopticistinthe19thcentury,whichisregardedasthehighesthonorforyoungscientistsgloballyinthefieldofquantumelectronicsandquantumoptics,foreverytwoyears,twoyoungscientistsundertheageof35wereawardedtheprize,oneinthefieldofbasicresearchandtheotherinthefieldofappliedre

18、search.Overthepastyears,Chenandhiscolleagueshavemaderemarkablecontributionsinquantumstudies.In2004,forinstanee,heandhiscolleaguesconstructedthefirstexperimentplatformoffive-photonentanglement（五光子糾纏）intheworld,whichestablishedtheinternationalleadingpositioninthemulti-photonentanglementmanipulationfor

19、China.In2012,theyhavedemonstratedquantumteleportation（量子遠(yuǎn)距傳態(tài)）ofindependentqubits（量子比特）overa97-kilometreone-linkfree-spacechannelwithmulti-photonentanglement,whichofferedtechnicalpreconditionforthefirstpossiblequantumexperimentalsatellite.Tillnow,Chinaleadstheworldinsomequantuminformationstudieslikephotonentanglementandquantumcryptography（密碼系統(tǒng)）.Chenpresentedhisextraordinarytalentsinphysicsstudiessinceyoungage.Hewonthetitleof"Champion"ofboththeoriesandexperimentsinthe29thInternationalPhysicsOl