翻譯專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文(翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告類)寫作規(guī)范[2016-12]

1、大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)翻譯專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文（翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告類）寫作規(guī)范2016年12月修訂i目錄一、畢業(yè)論文的全套材料3二、畢業(yè)論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)3三、論文的字體和字號(hào)要求3四、紙張打印格式4五、論文前置部分的格式要求4六、論文主體部分的格式要求5七、英語(yǔ)封面樣本7八、英語(yǔ)摘要樣本9九、漢語(yǔ)摘要樣本11十、英語(yǔ)致謝樣本(1)(2)12十一、英語(yǔ)提綱樣本14十二、論文的標(biāo)題標(biāo)注樣本含參考文獻(xiàn)樣本(1)(2)16十三、網(wǎng)上參考文獻(xiàn)格式說(shuō)明27十四、中文參考文獻(xiàn)格式說(shuō)明34十五、MLA論文寫作規(guī)范簡(jiǎn)略說(shuō)明36十六、附錄樣本.53、畢業(yè)論文的全套材料1. 論文袋2. 大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)（學(xué)生

2、用，用黑色簽字筆填寫）3. 表1中期檢查表（教師用，打印簽字版）4. 表2指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)表（教師用，打印簽字版）5. 表3評(píng)閱人評(píng)語(yǔ)表（教師用，打印簽字版）6. 表4答辯記錄表（教師用，打印簽字版，表格中評(píng)語(yǔ)及以下部分用黑色簽字筆填寫）7. 論文打印文本（一式一份，左側(cè)裝訂）二、畢業(yè)論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1. 前置部分（按以下順序排列）：中文封面、誠(chéng)信承諾書、英文封面、英語(yǔ)摘要、漢語(yǔ)摘要、英語(yǔ)致謝、英語(yǔ)目錄（以上各項(xiàng)均單獨(dú)成頁(yè)）。2. 主體部分：引言、正文、結(jié)論、參考文獻(xiàn)（以上各項(xiàng)均單獨(dú)成頁(yè)）。3. 附錄部分：原文和譯文、術(shù)語(yǔ)表或人名地名表等（以上各項(xiàng)均單獨(dú)成頁(yè)，有或無(wú)視情況而定）。三、論文的字體和字號(hào)

3、要求1.英語(yǔ)的字體為TimesNewRoman,漢語(yǔ)的字體為宋體。2. 英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的字號(hào)均為小四，且不必加粗。、紙張打印格式1. 論文要求使用激光打印，紙張尺寸為A4,打印1份。2. 行間距：英語(yǔ)為2倍行距，漢語(yǔ)為1.5倍行距。3. 頁(yè)邊距：上2.5厘米，下2.5厘米，左3.5厘米，右2厘米。4. 頁(yè)腳插入頁(yè)碼，居中。頁(yè)碼從封面至提綱的最后一頁(yè)采用羅馬字母排列，即i，ii,iii.，封面作為i頁(yè)，頁(yè)碼不顯示。頁(yè)碼自正文開始用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字排列至論文結(jié)束，位于頁(yè)底居中。5. 律采用左側(cè)裝訂。五、論文前置部分的格式要求1. 英語(yǔ)封面：1）所在大學(xué)名稱；2）論文題目；3）學(xué)位專業(yè)培養(yǎng)院/系/將獲學(xué)位；4

4、）論文作者姓名；5）學(xué)生所在年級(jí)、班級(jí)；6）導(dǎo)師姓名；7）畢業(yè)年月。英語(yǔ)封面的字體全部大寫，居中排列。封面上論文題目中出現(xiàn)的英文書名（含小說(shuō)名）應(yīng)加下劃線、英文文章名應(yīng)加雙引號(hào)，中文書名、文章名均應(yīng)加書名號(hào)，例如：AREPORTONTHETRANSLATIONOFANEXCERPTFROMLABYRINTH/迷宮節(jié)選的翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告，或AREPORTONTHETRANSLATIONOF“STORIESOFFIVECITIES”/五城記的翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告。2. 摘要部分：摘要為論文內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)短總結(jié)，不加注釋和評(píng)論，它具有獨(dú)立性和自含性。英語(yǔ)摘要字?jǐn)?shù)控制在300字左右且控制在一個(gè)頁(yè)面以內(nèi)，漢語(yǔ)摘要的內(nèi)容要

5、與英語(yǔ)摘要內(nèi)容保持一致?！癆BSTRACT”（英語(yǔ)摘要的標(biāo)題：字體大寫）和“摘要”（漢語(yǔ)摘要的標(biāo)題）居中排列。漢語(yǔ)“摘要”下要有論文的漢語(yǔ)標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題下要有作者的漢語(yǔ)姓名。3. 英漢摘要中的關(guān)鍵詞（KeyWords）：選擇3至5個(gè)作為關(guān)鍵詞，左對(duì)齊，隔一行排列在摘要正文下方。英語(yǔ)關(guān)鍵詞之間使用逗號(hào)“，”）間隔，漢語(yǔ)關(guān)鍵詞之間使用分號(hào)（“；”）間隔。最后一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞后不使用句號(hào)。4. 英文目錄：論文題目居中。論文要使用短語(yǔ)目錄格式（PhraseOutline）,格式參見論文英語(yǔ)目錄樣本。六、論文主體部分的格式要求1. 正文中的各部分標(biāo)題應(yīng)與英語(yǔ)目錄（CONTENTS）中所列的標(biāo)題一致，標(biāo)示出論文的部

6、分，一級(jí)標(biāo)題序號(hào)用羅馬數(shù)字I,II,III等，二級(jí)標(biāo)題序號(hào)用A,B,C等，三級(jí)標(biāo)題用1，2，3等。每部分（I,II，III，IV）開始時(shí)應(yīng)單獨(dú)成頁(yè)。2. 目錄（CONTENTS）o3. 正文是論文的核心部分，占主要篇幅，字?jǐn)?shù)不得少于3000字4. 正文中直接（或間接）引用他人資料必須標(biāo)明出處，作品信息在論文的WorksCited中全部列出。5. 正文要有論文的標(biāo)題，居中排列。論文標(biāo)題的每個(gè)詞首字母（除虛詞外）均要大寫。各部分的分標(biāo)題僅首詞首字母大寫，分標(biāo)題需要左對(duì)齊。6論文正文要兩端對(duì)齊。正文開始部分與頂端空出一行的距離。7.論文后應(yīng)附參考文獻(xiàn)（WorksCited）,數(shù)量不能少于8項(xiàng)，其中英

7、語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)不少于一半，而且列出的作品必須要能夠在校園網(wǎng)上查得到或能夠提供參考資料的復(fù)印件。文后的“WorksCited”字樣要居中排列，與頁(yè)面頂端不空出一行的距離。英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)列在前，漢語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)列在后。英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)要求一律采用MLA格式（參見論文參考文獻(xiàn)格式說(shuō)明）；漢語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)具體格式依據(jù)我國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB7714-87文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則。順序要按文獻(xiàn)作者姓氏的漢語(yǔ)拼音字母排列，不加序號(hào)。8. 正文內(nèi)引注格式說(shuō)明：（1）當(dāng)英語(yǔ)或漢語(yǔ)的引文超過(guò)四行（包括四行）時(shí)，不可再在文中使用引號(hào)引文。應(yīng)另起行，左縮進(jìn)10個(gè)英文字符的位置對(duì)齊開始打字；（2）正文中標(biāo)注漢語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)的方法：（作者姓的漢語(yǔ)拼音頁(yè)碼），括號(hào)中作者的姓與頁(yè)

8、碼之間要空一格，例如：（Wang87）。如果引用同一個(gè)作者的多部作品，在正文中要使用（作者的姓，頁(yè)碼，出版年代）的方法標(biāo)注，例如：（Wang,87,1990）。如果引用作者同一年發(fā)表的多部作品，應(yīng)在出版年代后用英文小寫字母排序，例如：（Wang,87,1990a）。如果引用文獻(xiàn)中有重姓的作者，應(yīng)在標(biāo)注時(shí)使用作者的全名，例如：（WangFang87）。如果引用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的作者共同發(fā)表的一部作品可采用（第一作者的姓，第二作者的姓頁(yè)碼）的方法標(biāo)注，所列出的最后一個(gè)作者的姓與頁(yè)碼之間要空一格,例如：（Wang,Li87）。9. 附錄：附錄中的原文必須為不少于3000字或詞左右的篇幅，可以是英文單詞

9、,也可以是漢字。原文必須為同一文本的連續(xù)組成部分，或者是不同長(zhǎng)短的同類文本的集合，以確保報(bào)告內(nèi)容的同源性及報(bào)告分析結(jié)果的一致性及有效性。譯文必須具有原創(chuàng)性，即譯者在從事翻譯實(shí)踐時(shí)，原文尚未有公開發(fā)表或出版的譯文。附錄1為原文和譯文，附錄2為術(shù)語(yǔ)表或人名地名表等。七、英語(yǔ)封面樣本56DALIANUNIVERSITYOFFOREIGNLANGUAGESAREPORTONTHETRANSLATIONOFTITLEOFTHETEXTATHESISSUBMITTEDTOSCHOOLOFADVANCEDTRANSLATIONANDINTERPRETATIONINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTH

10、EREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFBACHELOROFARTSBYNAMEOFSTUDENTCLASS:NUMBEROFCLASSGRADE:YEAROFGRADEADVISER:NAMEOFADVISERMONTHOFYEAR八、英語(yǔ)摘要樣本ABSTRACTThisreportisbasedonthetranslationpracticeoftheessay“StoriesofFiveCities”.TheauthorYuQiuyu,arenownedscholar,enjoysahighreputationforculturalessaysanddeservesanin

11、ternationalfame.Asoneofhismagnumopuses,“StoriesofFiveCities”depictsfiveimportantChinesecities,Kaifeng,Nanjing,Chengdu,LanzhouandGuangzhou.Translatingthisessaynotonlyrevealsthedelicatewords,uniquewritingstyleanddeepthinkingofYubutalsoisagreatopportunitytointroduceChinesecities.Thisreportdescribesallt

12、heproceduresinthisChinese-to-Englishtranslationproject,includingtaskdescription,processdescription,caseanalysisandconclusion.Theemphasisofthisreportiscaseanalysiswhichfocusesonthetechniquesadoptedfortwomaindifficultiesduringtheprocess,thetranslationofrhetoricaldevicesandculture-loadedwords.Inthispro

13、ject,themostfrequentlyusedtranslatingmethodsforrhetoricaldevicesareliteraltranslationandomissionwhileasforculture-loadedwords,literaltranslationwithannotationandfreetranslationareoftenused.Finally,thisreportconcludesthesignificanceandlimitationsoftheproject.ThisreportattemptstodrawexperiencesonChine

14、se-to-Englishessaytranslationbydiscussingeffectivetranslatingmethodsfor“storiesoffivecities”.IttriestoarousetheattentionofmoretranslatorstointroduceChineseliteraryworkstotheworldandpreventthetranslatorandothersfrommakingthesameerrorsthatoccurredinthisproject.KeyWords:RhetoricalDevices,Culture-loaded

15、Words,Essay九、漢語(yǔ)摘要樣本摘要五城記的翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告XXX本次翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告選自散文五城記。其作者余秋雨是著名的學(xué)者，他以文化散文而享有盛譽(yù)，并應(yīng)該贏得國(guó)際聲望。作為他的代表作之一，五城記介紹了五座重要的中國(guó)城市：開封、南京、成都、蘭州和廣州。翻譯此文不僅可以體現(xiàn)余秋雨精妙的用詞、獨(dú)具特色的寫作風(fēng)格以及深刻的思考，同時(shí)也提供了介紹中國(guó)城市的契機(jī)。本實(shí)踐報(bào)告描述了此次漢譯英翻譯實(shí)踐的所有過(guò)程，包括任務(wù)描述、過(guò)程描述、案例分析和結(jié)論。該報(bào)告著重介紹了案例分析部分，該部分關(guān)注翻譯過(guò)程中遇到的兩大難點(diǎn)的處理：修辭手法的翻譯和文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯。在該報(bào)告中，修辭手法的處理中常用的翻譯技巧是直譯法和

16、省譯法，而文化負(fù)載詞的翻譯多運(yùn)用直譯加注法和意譯法。最后，該報(bào)告總結(jié)了此次翻譯實(shí)踐的意義和局限。本實(shí)踐報(bào)告通過(guò)討論針對(duì)五城記的有效翻譯手法，嘗試總結(jié)漢譯英散文翻譯的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。報(bào)告嘗試吸引更多譯者將中國(guó)文學(xué)介紹給世界，也希望該譯者和其他譯者們?nèi)蘸竽芤?guī)避此次翻譯實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的失誤。關(guān)鍵詞：修辭手法；文化負(fù)載詞；散文十、英語(yǔ)致謝樣本(1)(2)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIwanttopresentmysincerethankstoalldearteachersintheSchoolofTranslationandInterpretationofDalianUniversityofForeignLan

17、guages,especiallymysupervisorProfessor(orMr.).Myspecialthanksarealsodedicatedtomyfamilywhoarealwayssupportivebygivingmeimmeasurablehelpinlifeandmakemyacademiclifepossible.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIwouldliketothankmanypeopleforhelpingmetogetthisthesisfinished.First,Ioweparticularthankstomyadvisor,ProfessorXXX

18、,whohasbeensoresponsibleandpatientinsupervisingmeinwritingupthethesis.Withherhelp,IunderstandNextIwouldliketothankmyfellowclassmatesandfriends.Ioffermyenduringgratitudefortheirtruefriendshipandkindhelp.Sincemythesisisbasedontheresultsofinterviews,.Specialthanksgotomyparents,whohavesupportedmethrough

19、outmyyearsofeducation,bothmorallyandfinancially.Theytaughtmehowtobeagooddaughter,adiligentstudentandanupstandingperson.Withouttheirsupport,.、英語(yǔ)提綱樣本CONTENTSABSTRACTii摘要ivACKNOWLEDGEMENTSvCONTENTSviI. Taskdescription1II. Processdescription3A. Preparationbeforetranslation3B. Processoftranslation4C.Issu

20、esaftertranslation5III. Caseanalysis6A. Translationofrhetoricaldevices6B. Translationofculture-loadedwords11IV. Conclusion17A. Significance17B. Limitations18WorksCited20Appendix122Appendix242十二、論文的標(biāo)題標(biāo)注樣本AReportontheTranslationof“StoriesofFiveCities”I. TaskdescriptionThesourcetextisanexcerptfromaChin

21、eseessay,“StoriesofFiveCities”,writtenbyYuQiuyu.Thisessayischosenfortwomainreasons:first,YuQiuyu,anoutstandingessayist,scholarandartistictheoreticianinmodernChineseliteraryworld,hasinspiredmeformanyyearsbyhisattitudetowardsculture.Despiteallthehardshipsanddangers,Yutraveledtoalmostallplacesofgreathi

22、storicalandculturalsignificanceintheworld,includingpoliticallyunstableareas,andwroteeightessaycollectionstointroduceculturalsitesandhumancivilizationtothereaders.Hisdedicationtoculturetransmissionenrichesmypurposeoftranslationanddrivesmetointroducehimtomorepeople.Criticsbelievetheplay“celebratestheh

23、orrorofanti-Semitism”(Fiedler98),andit“constitutesanindictmentofthehypocrisyofChristiansociety”(Zaslavsky185).Shakespeareuseshiscontroversial“other,”ShylocktheJew,tocalltheVenetianChristiansontheirreligiousinconsistencies.“WhatstartlesanddelightsusisShylock'sshrewdindictmentofChristianhypocrisy”

24、(Bloom189).Ofcourse,theVenetiancitizensdonotlistentohim.Shylockrightfullyasserts,“IfaChristianwrongsaJew,whatshouldhissufferancebebyChristianexample?Why,revenge.ThevillainyyouteachmeIwillexecute,anditshallgohardbutIwillbettertheinstruction”(Shakespeare,Merchant58-61).II. ProcessdescriptionAsacultura

25、lessay,“StoriesofFiveCities”isachallengefortranslatorssinceitisnecessarytokeepboththemeaningandthestyle.Inordertoperfectthetranslatedtext,thetranslatingprocesswasdividedintothreemajorstages,witheachconcentratingondifferenttasks.A.PreparationbeforetranslationIntheveryfirststageofpreparation,itisofgre

26、atimportancetogetacomprehensiveunderstandingofboththewritingstyleofYuQiuyuandthefivecitiesintroducedintheessay.Ontheonehand,asarenownedscholar,artistictheoreticianandessaywriter,YuQiuyuexcelsincombininghisextensivetravelingexperiencewithdelicatewords.ForcenturiesJewshavebeenaccusedoftreacherousacts,

27、includingthemurderofJesus,poisoningwells,theritualmurderofChristianchildren,andtheBubonicplagueandcontrollingthemediaandthebanks.Manyofthesefalsitieshaverootsinhistoricalcircumstances,andlongstandingfearandmisunderstanding.Tragically,theseliescontinuetobelaunchedagainstJews.Withoutanexaminationofbot

28、hhistoricandcontemporaryanti-Semitism,studentsmaybeleftwithstereotypicalandnegativeconceptionsofJewsandJudaism.(Hassel254)B. ProcessoftranslationC. IssuesaftertranslationThemainissueaftertranslationisqualitycontrolconsistingofproofreadingbymyselfandothers.III. CaseanalysisThedifficultiesandproblemse

29、ncounteredduringthetranslationarevariousbutcanmainlybesummarizedastwogroups:translationofrhetoricaldevicesandtranslationofculture-loadedwords.A.TranslationofrhetoricaldevicesRhetoric,alsocalledfigureofspeech,is“amethodtoimprovetheeffectoflanguageusingbymodifyingandadjustingthesentencesaswellasadopti

30、ngspecificformsofexpression”(Hornby1712).Therearevariousrhetoricaldevices,suchassimile,metaphor,metonymy,synecdoche,personification,parallelism,euphemism,allegory,ironyandparadox,amongwhichthemostfrequentlyusedonesin“StoriesofFiveCities”arepersonification,allusion,simile,repetition,contrastandparall

31、elism.1.LiteraltranslationExample1:Sourcetext:但是，淤泥下的一切屬于記憶，記憶像銀灰色的夢(mèng)，不會(huì)有其它色彩。(Line15,Page54)Targettext:However,allunderthesiltbelongtomemorywhichresemblesasilverygraydreamwithnoothercolors.(Line19，Page54)Example1includestheuseofsimilewhichmeans“awordorphrasethatcomparessomethingtosomethingelse,using

32、thewordslikeoras”(Hornby1869).Thissentenceuses“銀灰色的夢(mèng)”todescribe“記憶”,whichcreatesavividpictureofthefeelofmemory.Theimage“dream”carriesthesameinformationinbothChineseandEnglishandthecolor“silverygray”givespeopleasimilarfeelinginbothlanguages.Therefore,literaltranslationisadoptedhere.2.B.Somepeopletake

33、thepointthat,ThemerchantofVeniceshowsanti-Semitism.However,fromthedetailedplotsandcomparewiththepeopleofthatage,ShakespeareshowedagreatdealofsympathytoShylock.Shakespearewasgreatlyagainstgreed,cruelty,andracialdiscrimination,glorifiedfriendship,love,andmercy.(Liang151)Hamiltonhighlightsyetanotherpoi

34、nt:“theChrist-figureinthisplayisnotonlynotsacrificedbutalsohappytoberelievedofhisobligations”(131).AntonioshowsnomercytoShylockwhenPortiapronounceshissentenceC.IV. ConclusionA.SignificanceB.Limitations參考文獻(xiàn)樣本(1)(2)WorksCitedBevington,JeanE.Howard,andMarionF.OConnor.ShakespeareReproduced:TheTextinHist

35、oryandIdeology.NewYork:Methuen,1987.Bloom,Harold.Shakespeare:TheInventionoftheHuman.NewYork:RiverheadBooks,1998.“TheDecadeoftheSpy.”Newsweek7Mar.1994:26-27.“DubiousVenture.”Time3Jan.1994:64-65.Fiedler,LeslieA.TheStrangerinShakespeare.NewYork:SteinandDay,1972.Shakespeare,William.TheMerchantofVenice.C

36、hinaCommercialPress,2001.RomeoandJuliet.ChinaCommercialPress,2001.Zaslavsky,Robert.“WhichistheMerchanthere?AndwhichtheJew?KeepingtheBookandKeepingtheBooksinTheMerchantofVenice.”Judaism.44(1995):181-92.梁工(LiangGong).莎士比亞與圣經(jīng)M.北京：商務(wù)印書館，2006.WorksCitedBrown,J.D.TheElementsofLanguageCurriculum:ASystemati

37、cApproachtoProgramDevelopment.Beijing:ForeignLanguagesachingandResearchPress,2001.Bryman,A.QuantityandQualityinSocialResearch.London:Routledge,1988.Cacicedo,Al.“PrivateParts:PreliminaryNotesforanEssayonGenderIdentityinShakespeare.”Workingpaper,12Mar.1997.4July1998<http:/www.arts.ubc.ca/english/ie

38、mls/shak/PRIVATE_PARTS.txt>.Denning,PeterJ.“BusinessDesignsfortheNewUniversity.”EducomReview31.6(1996).23June1998</web/pubs/review/reviewArticles/31620.html>.Dubin,Fraida,andEliteOlshtain.CourseDesign.Shanghai:ForeignLanguagesEducationPress,2002.“EndangeredSpeciesActUpheld.”

39、APOnline22June1998.22June1998<http:/www.nytimes.eom/aponline/w/AP-Court-Endangered-Species.html>.Hall.Donald,ed.TheOxfordBookofAmericanLiteraryAnecdotes.NewYork:OxfordUP,1981.Nunan,D.SecondLanguageTeachingandLearning.Beijing:ForeignLanguagesachingandResearchPress,2001.Oleson,Carole.“TheRemembe

40、redEarth:Momaday'sHouseMadeofDawn.”SouthDakotaReview11(1973):59-78.Toomer,Jean.Cane.Ed.DarwinT.Turner.NewYork:Norton,1988.Yalden,J.PrinciplesofSyllabusDesignforLanguageTeaching.Beijing:ForeignLanguagesTeachingandResearchPress,2000.白秀水(BaiXiushui)、劉敢(LiuGan)、任保平(RenBaoping).西安金融、人才、技術(shù)三大要素市場(chǎng)培育與發(fā)展研

41、究R.西安：陜西師范大學(xué)西北經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展研究中心，1998.高等學(xué)校外語(yǔ)專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)英語(yǔ)組(GDXXWY).高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱Z.上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2000.何其莘(HeQixin).培養(yǎng)21世紀(jì)的外語(yǔ)人才一一新大綱的修訂過(guò)程及主要特點(diǎn)J.外語(yǔ)界，2001(1).覃修桂(QinXiugui).關(guān)于高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查J.西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2006(9).王明亮(WangMingliang).關(guān)于中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)工程的進(jìn)展EB/0L.顏靜蘭(YanJinglan)、楊慧敏(YangHuimin).新大綱文化素質(zhì)創(chuàng)新能力我們對(duì)高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)

42、英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱精神的理解與執(zhí)行J.化工高等教育，2003(2).17-19.姚乃強(qiáng)(YaoNaiqiang).提高文化素養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力談新大綱三、四、五、六部分J.外語(yǔ)界，2001(1).朱長(zhǎng)河(ZhuChanghe).高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱評(píng)述J.川北教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2002(2).十三、網(wǎng)上參考文獻(xiàn)格式說(shuō)明CitingElectronicPublicationsCitationsofelectronicsourcesandthoseofprintsourcesshouldaccomplishthesameendsandhaveanalogousformats.Bothtypesofcit

43、ationsidentifyasourceandgivesufficientinformationtoallowareadertolocateit.Yeteachtyperequiresadifferentkindandamountofinformationtofulfilltheseobjectives.Printculturehasdevelopedstandardreferencetools(librarycatalogs,bibliographies,andsoon)forlocatingpublishedworks.Electronicmedia,incontrast,sofarla

44、ckagreed-onmeansoforganizingworks.Moreover,electronictextsarenotasfixedandstableastheirprintcounterparts.Referencestoelectronicworksthereforemustprovidemoreinformationthanprintcitationsgenerallyoffer.1. AnOnlineScholarlyProject,InformationDatabase,orProfessionalorPersonalSitea. ACompleteScholarlyPro

45、jectorInformationDatabaseThetypicalentryforacompleteonlinescholarlyprojectorinformationdatabaseconsistsofthefollowingitems:- Titleoftheprojectordatabase(underlined)；- Nameoftheeditoroftheprojectordatabase(ifgiven)；- Electronicpublicationinformation,includingversionnumber(ifrelevantandifnotpartofthet

46、itle),dataofelectronicpublicationorofthelatestupdate,andnameofanysponsoringinstitutionororganization；Dateofaccessandnetworkaddress.Ifyoucannotfindsomeofthisinformation,citewhatisavailable.Format:BritannicaOnline.Vers.98.2.Apr.1998.EncyclopaediaBritannica.8May1998<b. ADocumentwithinaScholarlyProje

47、ctorInformationDatabaseTociteanarticle,apoem,ashortstory,orasimilarshortworkordocumentwithinaprojectordatabase,beginthecitationwiththeauthorsnameand,inquotationmarks,thetitleofthework.Ifnoauthorsname,beginthecitationwiththetitleofthematerial,inquotationmarks.Continuewiththerelevantinformationforthep

48、rojectordatabase,thedateofaccess,andtheURL(uniformresourcelocatororitsnetworkaddress);besuretogivetheURLofthespecificworkordocumentratherthanthatoftheprojectordatabaseiftheyaredifferent.Format:Hoffmann,Heinrich.“Struwwelpeter.”Trans.MarkTwain.Nineteenth-CenturyGermanStories.Ed.RobertGodwin-Jones.199

49、4.ForeignLang.Dept.,VirginiaCommonwealthU.10Jan.1998v/hasweb/for/struwwel/twpete.html>.c. AProfessionalorPersonalSiteTodocumentanonlineprofessionalorpersonalsite,begintheentrywiththenameofthepersonwhocreatedit(ifgivenanrelevant),reversedforalphabetizingandfollowedbyaperiod.Co

50、ntinuewiththetitleofthesite(underlined)or,ifthereisnotitle,withadescriptionsuchasHomepage(neitherunderlinednorinquotationmarks);thenameofanyinstitutionororganizationassociatedwiththesit;thedateofaccess;andthenetworkaddress.Format:Dawe,James.JaneAustenPage.15Sept.1998vhttp:/nyquist.ee.ualberta.ca/daw

51、e/austen.html>Lancashire,Ian.Homepage.1May1998<http:/www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/ian/>2. AnOnlineBooka. AnOnlineBookAvailableIndependentlyThetypicalentryforacompleteonlinebookavailableindependentlyconsistsofthefollowingitems:- Authorsname(ifgiven);- Titleofthework(underlined);- Nameoftheedit

52、or,complier,ortranslator(ifrelevant);- Publicationinformation.Iftheversionofthetextonlinehasnotbeenpublishedbefore,givethedateofelectronicpublicationandthenameofanysponsoringinstitutionororganization;- Dateofaccessandnetworkaddress.Ifyoucannotfindsomeofthisinformation,citewhatisavailable.Format:Bars

53、ky,RobertF.NoamChomsky:ALifeofDissent.Cambridge:MITp,1997.8May1998</e-books/chomsky/>.b. AnOnlineBookwithinaScholarlyProjectTociteabookthatisapartofascholarlyproject,givethefiveitemslistedabove,asrelevant,butfollowtheinformationabouttheprintedbookwiththepublicationinforma

54、tionfortheproject.BesuretoendwiththeURLofthebook,notthatoftheproject,訐theydiffer.Format:Keats,John.PoeticalWorks.1984.ProjectBartleby.Ed.StevenvanLeeuwen.May1998.ColumbiaU.5May1998</acis/bartleby/keats/>.c. APartofanOnlineBookIfyouarecitingapartofanonlinebook,placethetitl

55、eornameofthepartbetweentheauthorsnameandthetitleofthebook.Ifthepartisaworklikeapoemoranessay,placeitstitleinquotationmarks.Ifthepartisastandarddivisionofthebook,suchasanintroductionorapreface,donotplacethetitleinquotationmarksorunderlinesit.Format:Barsky,RobertF.Introduction.NoamChomsky:ALifeofDisse

56、nt.ByBarsky.Cambridge:MITp,1997.8May1998v/e-books/Chomsky/intro.html>.Emerson,RalphWaldo.“Self-Reliance.”Essays:FirstSeries.1841.12Feb.1997<ftp:/3. AnArticleinanOnlinePeriodicalThetypicalentryforaworkinanonlineperiodicalconsistsofthefollowingitems:- Authorsname;- Titleoft

57、heworkormaterial(ifany),inquotationmarks;- Nameoftheperiodical(underlined);- Volumenumber,issuenumber,orotheridentifyingnumber;- Dateofpublication;- Thenumberrangeortotalnumberofpages,paragraphs,orothersections,訐theyarenumbered;- Dateofaccessandnetworkaddress;- Ifyoucannotfindsomeofthisinformation,citewhatisavailable.a. AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalFormat:Denning,PeterJ.“BusinessDesignsfortheN