2019年疾病診斷小型專家系統(tǒng)人工智能課程報告

1、疾病診斷小型專家系統(tǒng)人工智能課程設計報告智能1001班傅寶林09091012172013.6.181內(nèi)容提要此系統(tǒng)采用專家系統(tǒng)的規(guī)則庫-推理機技術原理，以醫(yī)學診斷為背景，旨在作出一個簡單的輔助診斷專家系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)的框架及界面采用的是Java語言，調(diào)用XML里保存的知識庫和規(guī)則庫。此小型的專家系統(tǒng)以肺結核、哮喘、食管癌、骨折等疾病的診斷為例，展示了一個小型專家系統(tǒng)是如何構建的。目錄1內(nèi)容提要22目的和意義43系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容和功能54設計流程及描述65課程設計體會216參考文獻222目的和意義(1)加深理解專家系統(tǒng)的結構及開發(fā)過程。(2)初步掌握知識獲取的基本方法。(3)掌握產(chǎn)生式規(guī)則知識表示方法及

2、其編程實現(xiàn)方法。(4)初步掌握知識庫的組建方法。3系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容和功能系統(tǒng)主要以問答的形勢詢問病情癥狀，操作者只需要回答YES或NO。當一趟詢問完成后，系統(tǒng)會基于以上詢問得出的事實推理出最終的診斷結果。圖2診斷結果界面4設計流程及描述1）需求分析本設計需要用高級語言編寫框架及調(diào)用外部的規(guī)則庫與知識庫。方便起見，用java語言編寫框架，用XML文件保存。2）知識獲取與知識表示知識獲取通過醫(yī)學臨床專業(yè)的同學及醫(yī)學診斷專業(yè)書籍，確保專家系統(tǒng)的專家性。知識的表示采用的是xml語言，把事實與規(guī)則一條條保存。3）知識庫的組建知識庫分事實庫和規(guī)則庫組建。疾病診斷因為有的病有交叉的癥狀，所以邏輯上，從癥狀到診

3、斷的過程是對一顆二叉樹的搜索，當問題回答的是YES時，就進行深度優(yōu)先搜索，當回答NO時，就轉到兄弟節(jié)點。對于無關的疾病，則回到根節(jié)點重新對下一顆子樹進行搜索。得到一種疾病的確診就是result,得到這個葉子節(jié)點前遍歷過的節(jié)點組成了reasons.4）推理機制選擇/編制采用的是問題引導式推理。在規(guī)則庫里寫的其實不是真正的規(guī)則。真正的規(guī)則蘊含在問題及前提里。為了不讓“專家”問無用的問題，每個問題都是以某個問題的答案為前提的。這樣組成了內(nèi)部的因果關系，所以真正的推理規(guī)則只與某一趟提問的最后一個問題的答案得出的事實有關。5）程序清單package專家系統(tǒng)_V2;importjava.awt.Borde

4、rLayout;importjava.awt.Color;importjava.awt.Dimension;importjava.awt.Font;importjava.awt.event.ActionEvent;importjava.awt.event.ActionListener;importjava.util.ArrayList;importjavax.swing.JButton;importjavax.swing.JFrame;importjavax.swing.JLabel;importjavax.swing.JPanel;importjavax.swing.JScrollPane;

5、importjavax.swing.JTextArea;importjavax.swing.border.LineBorder;publicclassMainFrameextendsJFrame/*主界面類paramargs*/publicstaticvoidmain(String口args)MainFramemain=newMainFrame();main.myShow();privatevoidmyShow()exe=newExecution();exe.init();this.setTitle(exe.expert_name+"專家系統(tǒng)");this.setSize(

6、380,250);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);this.setResizable(false);this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);this.setLayout(newBorderLayout();JPaneljp_center=newJPanel();jp_center.setBackground(Color.white);jp_center.setPreferredSize(newDimension(380,250);jp_center.setLayout(null);jl=newJLabel();jl.setText(&

7、quot;請回答下列問題:");jl.setFont(newFont(Font.DIALOG,Font.BOLD,25);jl.setForeground(Color.blue);jl.setBounds(10,10,200,30);jta=newJTextArea();JScrollPanejs=newJScrollPane(jta);jta.setEditable(false);jta.setBorder(newLineBorder(Color.black);jta.setLineWrap(true);jta.setFont(newFont(Font.DIALOG,Font.BO

8、LD,20);js.setBounds(20,50,330,100);jb1=newJButton("YES");jb1.setBounds(100,170,60,30);jb1.addActionListener(l);jb2=newJButton("NO");jb2.setBounds(200,170,60,30);jb2.addActionListener(l);jp_center.add(jl);jp_center.add(js);jp_center.add(jb1);jp_center.add(jb2);this.add(jp_center,B

9、orderLayout.CENTER);problem=this.initProblem();this.setVisible(true);privateProbleminitProblem()for(inti=0;i<blems.size();i+)Problemproblem=blems.get(i);if(problem.getPremise()=null|problem.getPremise().isIstrue()if(problem.getPremise()!=null)problem.getPremise().setIstrue(false);jt

10、a.setText(problem.getContext();blems.remove(problem);returnproblem;)jbl.setEnabled(false);jb2.setEnabled(false);returnnull;)privateExecutionexe;privateJButtonjb1,jb2;privateJTextAreajta;privateJLabeljl;privateProblemproblem;privateActionl=newAction();classActionimplementsActionListenerpublicv

11、oidactionPerformed(ActionEvente)if("YES".equals(e.getActionCommand()if(null!=problem.getAnswer_YES()problem.getAnswer_YES().setIstrue(true);)elseif("NO".equals(e.getActionCommand()System.out.println("aaa");if(null!=problem.getAnswer_NO()System.out.println("aaa"

12、;);problem.getAnswer_NO().setIstrue(true);exe.allReasoning();problem=initProblem();if(problem=null)ArrayList<Fact>facts=exe.start();Stringresult=""for(inti=0,n=1;i<facts.size();i+)Stringdes=facts.get(i).getDescribe();if(!"null".equals(des)result+=i+1+"."+des+&q

13、uot;'n"n+;jl.setText("推理結果如下：");jta.setText(result);jb1.setEnabled(false);jb2.setEnabled(false);return;)package專家系統(tǒng)_V2;importjava.io.File;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;.URLDecoder;importjava.util.ArrayList;importjava.util.HashMap;importjavax.

14、swing.JOptionPane;importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;importjavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;importjavax.xml.parsers.ParserCon巾gurationException;importorg.w3c.dom.Document;importorg.w3c.dom.Element;importorg.w3c.dom.NodeList;importorg.xml.sax.SAXException;publicclassExecutionpublicboolea

15、ninit()trythis.initXML(this.getPath();catch(ParserConfigurationExceptione)e.printStackTrace();catch(SAXExceptione)this.exit(e.getMessage();catch(IOExceptione)e.printStackTrace();catch(NullPointerExceptione)this.exit("找不到相應的xml文件，請檢查xml文件名是否符合規(guī)范");returnfalse;privatevoidinitXML(Stringfile)t

16、hrowsParserConfigurationException,SAXException,IOExceptionDocumentBuilderFactorydbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();DocumentBuilderbuilder=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();Documentdoc=null;trydoc=builder.parse(newFile(file);catch(Exceptione)this.exit(e.getMessage();Elementroot=doc.getDocumentElement();

17、/獲取根元素expert_name=root.getAttribute("name");取得名字獲取事實factNodeListallfacts=root.getElementsByTagName("facts");NodeListonefacts=(Element)allfacts.item(0).getElementsByTagName("fact");for(inti=0;i<onefacts.getLength();i+)Elementonefact=(Element)onefacts.item(i);Factfact=

18、newFact();tryfact.setName(onefact.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();fact.setDescribe(onefact.getElementsByTagName("describe").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();catch(NullPointerExceptione)this.exit("fact中缺少相應標簽");facts.put(fact.get

19、Name(),fact);獲取推理reasoningNodeListallreasonings=root.getElementsByTagName("reasonings");NodeListonereasonings(Element)allreasonings.item(0).getElementsByTagName("reasoning");for(inti=0;i<onereasonings.getLength();i+)Elementonereasoning=(Element)onereasonings.item(i);Reasoningr

20、easoning=newReasoning();NodeListreasons=onereasoning.getElementsByTagName("reason");if(reasons.getLength()=0)this.exit("reasoning中不可以缺少reason標簽)for(intj=0;j<reasons.getLength();j+)Stringname=reasons.item(j).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();if(facts.get(name)!=null)reasoning.getReason

21、().add(facts.get(name);elsethis.exit("reason標簽內(nèi)容不正確，沒有對應事實");NodeListresults=onereasoning.getElementsByTagName("result");if(results.getLength()=0)this.exit("reasoning中不可以缺少result標簽")；for(intj=0;j<results.getLength();j+)Stringname=results.item(j).getFirstChild().getNo

22、deValue();if(facts.get(name)!=null)reasoning.getResult().add(facts.get(name);elsethis.exit("result標簽內(nèi)容不正確，沒有對應事實");reasonings.add(reasoning);獲取問題problemNodeListallproblems=root.getElementsByTagName("problems");NodeListoneproblems(Element)allproblems.item(0).getElementsByTagName(&

23、quot;problem");for(inti=0;i<oneproblems.getLength();i+)Elementoneproblem=(Element)oneproblems.item(i);Problemproblem=newProblem();problem.setContext(oneproblem.getElementsByTagName("context").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();tryproblem.setPremise(facts.get(oneproblem.getEleme

24、ntsByTagName("premise").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();catch(Exceptione)tryproblem.setAnswer_YES(facts.get(oneproblem.getElementsByTagName("answer_YES").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();catch(Exceptione)tryproblem.setAnswer_NO(facts.get(oneproblem.getElementsByTagNa

25、me("answer_NO").item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();catch(Exceptione)problems.add(problem);)publicvoidallReasoning()booleanproceed=true;while(proceed)proceed=false;for(Reasoningreasoning:reasonings)reasoning.startReasoning();if(reasoning.startReasoning()proceed=true;publicArrayList<F

26、act>start()/this.allReasoning();ArrayList<Fact>reallyFacts=newArrayList<Fact>();for(Factfact:facts.values()if(fact.isIstrue()reallyFacts.add(fact);)returnreallyFacts;privatevoidexit(Stringpassage)JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,passage);System.exit(0);)查找當前路徑privateStringgetPath()S

27、tringmyPath=null;trymyPath=URLDecoder.decode(Execution.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getFile(),"UTF-8");catch(UnsupportedEncodingExceptione)e.printStackTrace();Stringpath=myPath.substring(1,myPath.lastIndexOf("/")+1)+"XML/配置文件.xml"returnpath;

28、publicHashMap<String,Fact>facts=newHashMap<String,Fact>();publicArrayList<Reasoning>reasonings=newArrayList<Reasoning>();publicArrayList<Problem>problems=newArrayList<Problem>();publicStringexpert_name;)package專家系統(tǒng)_V2;/* 存放事實的類* authorliguanyi* /publicclassFactpri

29、vateStringname;名字privatebooleanistrue=false;是否成立privateStringdescribe;事實相應表述publicStringgetName()returnname;)publicvoidsetName(Stringname)=name;)publicbooleanisIstrue()returnistrue;)publicvoidsetIstrue(booleanistrue)this.istrue=istrue;)publicStringgetDescribe()returndescribe;)publicvoidsetD

30、escribe(Stringdescribe)this.describe=describe;)package專家系統(tǒng)_V2;importjava.util.ArrayList;/表示推理publicclassReasoningprivateArrayList<Fact>reason=newArrayList<Fact>();前提事實privateArrayList<Fact>result=newArrayList<Fact>();/結果事實publicArrayList<Fact>getReason()returnreason;pub

31、licvoidsetReason(ArrayList<Fact>reason)this.reason=reason;publicArrayList<Fact>getResult()returnresult;publicvoidsetResult(ArrayList<Fact>result)this.result=result;publicbooleanstartReasoning()if(reason.size()=0)returnfalse;for(Factfact:reason)if(!fact.isIstrue()returnfalse;for(Fac

32、tfact:reason)fact.setIstrue(false);for(Factfact:result)fact.setIstrue(true);returntrue;package專家系統(tǒng)_V2;publicclassProblemprivateFactpremise;privateStringcontext;privateFactanswer_YES;結果privateFactanswer_NO;結果publicFactgetPremise()returnpremise;publicvoidsetPremise(Factpremise)this.premise=premise;pub

33、licStringgetContext()returncontext;publicvoidsetContext(Stringcontext)this.context=context;publicFactgetAnswer_YES()returnanswer_YES;publicvoidsetAnswer_YES(FactanswerYES)answer_YES=answerYES;publicFactgetAnswer_NO()returnanswer_NO;publicvoidsetAnswer_NO(FactanswerNO)answer_NO=answerNO;以下是XML文件(保存事實

34、庫和規(guī)則庫)中部分內(nèi)容<allname="疾病診斷”><facts><fact><name>fact1</name>describe咳嗽</describe></fact><fact><name>fact2</name><describe>胸痛</describe></fact><fact><name>fact3</name><describe>盜，f</describe>

35、;</fact><fact><name>fact4</name>describe>食欲不振</describe></fact><fact><name>fact5</name><describe>消瘦</describe></fact><fact><name>fact6</name><describe>午后低熱</describe></fact><fact><

36、name>fact7</name><describe>肺結核</describe></fact><fact><name>fact9</name><describe>呼吸困難</describe></fact><fact><name>fact10</name><describe>胸腔積液</describe></fact><fact><name>fact11</name&

37、gt;<describe>伴有哮鳴音的呼吸困難</describe></fact><fact><name>fact12</name><describe>發(fā)作性胸悶咳嗽</describe></fact><fact><name>fact13</name><describe>哮喘</describe></fact><fact><name>fact14</name><describ

38、e>不盜汗</describe></fact><fact><name>fact15</name><describe>不咳嗽</describe></fact><fact><name>fact16</name>describe沒有伴有哮鳴音的呼吸困難</describe></fact><fact><name>fact17</name><describe>上腹痛</describe&g

39、t;</fact><fact><name>fact18</name><describe>節(jié)律性、周期性疼痛</describe></fact><fact><name>fact19</name><describe>灼疼</describe></fact><fact><name>fact20</name><describe>專屯痛</describe></fact><

40、fact><name>fact21</name><describe>消化性潰瘍</describe></fact><fact><name>fact22</name><describe>上腹不痛</describe></fact><fact><name>fact23</name><describe>胸骨后不適</describe></fact><fact><name>fact24</name><describe>灼燒感</describe></facts><reasonings><reasoning><reason>fact6</reason><result>fact7</result></reasoning><reasoning><reason>fact9</reason><result>fact10</re