英語語法專業(yè)術(shù)語

1、英語語法專業(yè)術(shù)語語法 grammar 句法 syntax 詞法 morphology結(jié)構(gòu) structure層次 rank句子 sentence從句 clause詞組 phrase詞類 part of speech 單詞 word實(shí)詞 notional word虛詞 structural word名詞 noun專有名詞 proper noun普通名詞 common noun可數(shù)名詞 countable noun不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable no抽象名詞 abstract noun具體名詞 concrete noun物質(zhì)名詞 material noun 集體名詞 collective no

2、un 個(gè)體名詞 individual noun 介詞 preposition 連詞 conjunction動(dòng)詞 verb主動(dòng)詞 main verb及物動(dòng)詞 transitive verb不及物動(dòng)詞 intransitive verb 系動(dòng)詞 link verb 助動(dòng)詞 auxiliary verb 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 modal verb 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 regular verb 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 irregular verb 短語動(dòng)詞 phrasal verb限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb 非限定動(dòng)詞 infinite verb 使役動(dòng)詞 causative verb 感官動(dòng)詞 verb of senses 動(dòng)

3、態(tài)動(dòng)詞 event verb 靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞 state verb 感嘆詞 exclamation 形容詞 adjective副詞 adverb方式副詞 adverb of manner程度副詞 adverb of degree時(shí)間副詞 adverb of time地點(diǎn)副詞 adverb of place修飾性副詞 adjunct連接性副詞 conjunct疑問副詞 interrogative adverb關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb代詞 pronoun人稱代詞 personal pronoun 物主代詞 possessive pronoun反身代詞 reflexive pronoun相

4、互代詞 reciprocal pronoun指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun不定代詞 indefinite物主代詞 possessive pronoun名詞性物主代詞 nominal possessive 形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possessive pronoun冠詞 article定冠詞 definite article不定冠詞 indefinite article數(shù)詞 numeral基數(shù)詞 cardinal numeral序數(shù)詞 ordinal numeral

5、分?jǐn)?shù)詞 fractional numeral形式 form單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form 限定動(dòng)詞 finite verb form非限定動(dòng)詞 non-finite verb form 原形 base form從句 clause從屬句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名詞從句 nominal clause定語從句 attributive clause狀語從句 adverbial clause賓語從句 object clause主語從句 subject clause同位語從句 appositive claus

6、e時(shí)間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time地點(diǎn)狀語從句 adverbial clause of place方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession 原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause結(jié)果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition真實(shí)條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of r

7、eal condition非真實(shí)條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition錯(cuò)綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence簡單句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence復(fù)合句 complex sentence并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentence陳述句 declarative sentence疑問句 interrogative sentence一般疑問

8、句 general question特殊疑問句 special question選擇疑問句 alternative question附加疑問句 tag question反義疑問句 disjunctive question修辭疑問句 rhetorical question 感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感嘆句 exclamatory sentence

9、基本句型 basic sentence pattern 句子成分 members of sentences主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object雙賓語 dual object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object復(fù)合賓語 complex object同源賓語 cognate object 補(bǔ)語 complement主補(bǔ) subject complement賓補(bǔ) object complement 表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbial 句法關(guān)系syntactic re

10、lationship并列 coordinate從屬 subordination修飾 modification前置修飾 pre-modification后置修飾 post-modification限制 restriction 雙重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction 數(shù) number單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form 規(guī)則形式 regular form不規(guī)則形式 irregular form 格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 object

11、ive case 性 gender陽性 masculine 陰性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter 人稱 person第一人稱 first person第二人稱 second person第三人稱 third person 時(shí)態(tài) tense過去將來時(shí) past future tense過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense過去將來完成時(shí) past future perfect tense一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) present simple tense一般過去時(shí) past simple tense一般將來時(shí) future simple tense現(xiàn)在完成

12、時(shí) past perfect tense過去完成時(shí) present perfect tense將來完成時(shí) future perfect tense現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) present continuous tense過去進(jìn)行時(shí) past continuous tense將來進(jìn)行時(shí) future continuous tense過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) past future continuous tense 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) present perfect continuous tense過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) past perfect continuous tense語態(tài) voice主動(dòng)語態(tài) active voice 被

13、動(dòng)語態(tài) passive voice語氣 mood陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范圍 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negation 語序 order自然語序 natural order倒裝語序 inversion全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech自

14、由直接引語 free direct speech自由間接引語 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement語法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原則 principle of proximity 強(qiáng)調(diào) emphasis重復(fù) repetition 語音 pronunciation 語調(diào) tone 升調(diào) rising tone降調(diào) falling tone降升調(diào) falling-rising tone文體style正式文體 formal非正式文體 i

15、nformal口語 spoken/oral English套語 formulistic expression英國英語 British English 美國英語 American English用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring褒義 commendatory貶義 derogatory幽默 humorous諷刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic動(dòng)名詞 gerund 連字號 hyphen 祈使語氣 imperative mood 祈使句 imperative sentences 獨(dú)立成分 indefinite case 主句 indicative mood 物質(zhì)名詞

16、 material nouns 句子的成分 members of the sentence 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 modal verbs 語氣 mood 詞法 morphology 否定疑問句 negative interrogative sentence動(dòng)詞的非限定形式 non-finite forms of the verb 非限制性定語從句 non-restrictive attributive clauses 括號 brackets 名詞的分類 classification of nouns 從句（分句）clauses 同源賓語 cognate object 集體名詞 collective nou

17、ns 冒號 colon 逗號 comma 普通格 common case 普通名詞 common nouns 比較級 comparative degree 復(fù)合賓語 complex Object 復(fù)合句 complex sentences 并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentences 表性狀的復(fù)合謂語 compound nominal predicate 復(fù)合謂語 compound predicate 并列句 compound sentences 表行為的復(fù)合謂語 compound verbal predicate 合成詞 compound words 合成 compoun

18、ding ( composition ) 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 conditional sentences of mixed time 連詞 conjunction 連接副詞 conjunctive adverbs 連接代詞 conjunctive pronouns 轉(zhuǎn)化 conversion 并列連詞 co-coordinating conjunctions 可數(shù)名詞 countable nouns 破折號 dash 陳述句 declarative sentences 定冠詞 definite article 比較的級別 degrees of comparison 指示代詞 demonstrati

19、ve pronouns 派生（詞綴法） derivation ( affixation ) 描繪性定語 descriptive attributes 呼語 direct address 直接賓語 direct object 直接引語 direct speech 反意問句 disjunctive questions 省略 ellipsis 省略句 elliptical sentences 感嘆號 exclamation mark 感嘆句 exclamatory sentences 動(dòng)詞的限定形式 finite forms of the verb 虛詞form words 分?jǐn)?shù)詞 fraction

20、al numerals 完全倒裝 full inversion 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)future continuous 一般將來時(shí) future indefinite 將來完成時(shí) future perfect 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) future perfect continuous 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) absolute constructions 物主代詞的絕對形式 absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名詞 abstract nouns 主動(dòng)語態(tài) active voice 方式狀語從句 adverbial clauses of manner 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 adverbial

21、clauses of place 目的狀語從句 adverbial clauses of purpose 時(shí)間狀語從句 adverbial clauses of time 程度副詞 adverbs of degree 頻度副詞 adverbs of frequency 方式副詞 adverbs of manner 地點(diǎn)副詞 adverbs of place 時(shí)間副詞 adverbs of time 選擇問句 alternative questions 句子分析 analysis of sentences 省略號 apostrophe 同謂語 appositive 同位語從句 appositive clauses 助動(dòng)詞 auxiliary verbs 插入語 parenthesis 部分倒裝 partial inversion 分詞短語 participial phrases 分詞 participle 小品詞 particle 詞類 parts of speech 過去式 past forms 過去分詞past participle 句號 period ( full stop ) 人稱 person 人稱代詞 personal pronouns 成語動(dòng)詞 phrasal verbs 謂