英語語法講練—虛擬語氣

1、高考英語語法講練虛擬語氣基礎(chǔ)知識解析一、虛擬語氣的概念：語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣三類。陳述語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。祈使語氣表示說話人的建議、請示、邀請、命令等。虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。二、虛擬語氣知識要點匯總表：if條件型1、與現(xiàn)在事實相反；2、與將來事實相反；3、與過去事實相反；4、錯綜時間；5、倒裝。注：1、注意主句與if條件從句中的謂語形式；2、should/could/would/might四個助動詞意

2、義有所不同。隱含條件型1、通過部分介詞表達條件；2、通過上下文或其他方式表達條件。be型1、與10個動詞或名詞有關(guān)的從句；2、It is+部分形容詞+that從句；3、It is (high/about) time+ that從句。注：（1）10個動詞或名詞即：一個“堅持”、兩個“命令”、三個“建議”、四個“要求”。（2）be型即虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，should可省略（主要在第1種情況中）。（3）第3種情況也可用were型。（4）注意insist為“堅持一種事實”、suggest為“暗示、表明”的意思時，不用虛擬語氣。were型1、wish/would rather等后的賓語

3、從句2、so that/in order that/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句3、If only+從句4、It is time+ that從句注：（1）were型即謂語動詞用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)形式。（2）as if（though）前的動詞為look和seem時，一般用陳述語氣。三、if條件型虛擬語氣：if條件型虛擬語氣即“主句+if條件句”的句型，用來表示對現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)砣N時間所發(fā)生的情況進行假設(shè)，主句和從句中的謂語部分因時間的不同而用不同形式表達：1、與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件句謂語用動詞過去式（be的過去式一般用were），主句謂語用would(should，coul

4、d，might) + 動詞原形。如：If I were you，I shouldn't do that. 如果我是你，我是不會那樣做的。We would go with you if we had time. 如果我們有時間，我們就會同你去。We could ask him if he were here. 如果他在這里我們可以問問他。If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話。2、與過去事實相反，條件句謂語用had+過去分詞，主句謂語用would (should，could，might

5、)+ have+過去分詞。如：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 要是他昨天看見了你，他會問你這事的。If you had come earlier，you would (might) have met him. 要是你早一點來，你就會（可能）碰到他了。I should (would) have called you if I had known your telephone number. 要是我有你的電話號碼我就給你打電話了。Nothing could have saved him even if h

6、e had been tended without delay. 既使他當(dāng)時受到了及時的救護，也無法挽救他的生命。3、與將來事實相反，條件句謂語用動詞過去式或should+動詞原形或were to+動詞原形，主句謂語用would(should，could，might)+動詞原形。如：If it should rain，the crops would be saved. 要是下雨，莊稼就得救了。If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out. 要是明天下雪，他們就不出去了。If it snowed tomorrow，they would not

7、 go out. 要是明天下雪，他們就不出去了。4、如果if條件句中有had，should，were，有時可把if省略掉，而把had，should，were放在主語前面形成倒裝句型。如：Should there be (=If there should be) a flood，what should we do?萬一發(fā)生水災(zāi)我們怎么辦?Were it not for their help(=If it were not for)，we couldn't have got over the difficulties. 要不是他們的幫助，這些困難我們是克服不了的。Had they time

8、 (=If they had time)，they would certainly come and help us. 如果他們有時間他們一定會來幫助我們。The passengers would have died of cold had it not been for the driver (=if it had not been for). 要不是司機，旅客們就會全部凍死。Had it not been for the reservoir（=if it had not been for），we'd never have been able to beat the drought.

9、 如果沒有水庫我們就絕不能戰(zhàn)勝這次干旱。5、錯綜條件句（又稱混合條件句）：指主句和條件句中謂語動詞的動作不在同一時間，即現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r間混合在一句中。出現(xiàn)這種情況，主句和從句的謂語形式要尊重相應(yīng)形式的錯綜安排。如：If he had come yesterday，he would be with us now. 如果他昨天來了，他現(xiàn)在就會和我們在一起。If I didn't go there today，they wouldn't /couldn't begin the work tomorrow. 如果我今天不去，他們明天就不能開工。If they came to

10、 inspect our school the day after tomorrow，we would be making preparations now. 如果他們后天來校檢查，我們現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該做準(zhǔn)備。6、supposing相當(dāng)于if，有時也用虛擬語氣：Supposing the weather were bad，where would we go?假如天氣不好，我們到哪兒去四、隱含條件型：即假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件從句形式表示出來，而是通過一個介詞短語或通過上下文或其它方式來表示。如：We could have done better under more favorable conditi

11、ons. 在更有利的條件下我們還可以做得更好些。That would have been considered miraculous in the past. 這在過去會被認(rèn)為是奇跡。He could not have made such great progress without our help. 沒有我們的幫助他不可能取得那么大的進步。He would have given you more help，but he has been so busy. 他本來要多給你一些幫助的，只是他太忙了。I would have written before，but I have been ill.

12、 本來該早給你寫信的，但我生病了。I had my hair cut off and sold it because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. 我把頭發(fā)剪掉賣了，因為不送你一件禮物，我簡直過不了圣誕節(jié)。But for the English examination，I would have gone to the concert last Saturday. 要不是英語考試，上星期六我就去聽音樂會了。有時，當(dāng)上下文的意思明朗時，條件句可以完全省略，只用句子的主句部分。如：T

13、he gifts to him would have filled a railway car. 給他的禮物可以裝滿一輛火車車箱。You should have been here five minutes ago. 你早五分鐘來到這兒就好了。Einstein cared little for money，though he could have been very rich. 盡管愛因斯坦本可以成為非常富有的人，但是他對金錢卻不感興趣。五、be 型虛擬語氣：be型虛擬語氣指用“should +動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。常用于下列情況：1、用于由“一個堅持（insist），兩個命

14、令（command，order），三個建議（advise，propose，suggest），四個要求（desire，demand，require，request）”（另外還有recommend推薦,prefer情愿)等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中：The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised. 工人們要求增加工資。注suggest表示“建議，提議”時用虛擬語氣，但作“認(rèn)為，提出，暗示，使人想起”時用陳述語氣：I'd like to suggest that it was put in the wrong place. 我要提出的是

15、，它放錯地方了。I suggest he (should) bring his friends in. 我堅持要他們把朋友們帶來。insist表示“堅持要，一定要”時用虛擬語氣，作“堅持認(rèn)為，堅決主張，堅持說”時用陳述語氣：They insisted that he (should) obey every command. 他們堅持要他遵守每條命令。She insisted that she needed no help. 她堅持說她不需要幫助。recommend、decide以及prefer等動詞后接賓語從句時，有時也用虛擬語氣：It is recommended that the prob

16、lem not be solved until all the preparations have been made. 有人建議等所有的準(zhǔn)備工作做好了再來解決這個問題。We decided that we should widen the road. 我們決定拓寬這條路。They preferred that their son should go to college. 他們認(rèn)為他們的兒子還是去上大學(xué)好。2、用于主句的主語中含有suggestion/proposal，order/decision，request/demand，plan，idea，motion，a shame，a pity，

17、no wonder等詞的表語從句、同位主從句中，表示驚奇、可惜、懷疑等。如：My idea is that we (should) win him over. 我的想法是我們一定要贏他。The officer made an order that everyone (should) obey his orders. 軍官命令說人人都應(yīng)當(dāng)服從他的命令。The teacher put forward a suggestion that all students (should) hand in their exercise books after class. 老師提出建議，要求所有的學(xué)生都在下課

18、后交上練習(xí)本。注a shame，a pity，no wonder后的從句中不省略should：It is a pity that she should miss such a wonderful film. 真可惜她竟然未看成這么一部精彩的電影。3、用于It is necessary/important/strange/natural/wonderful that. . . 和It is suggested/ requested/ proposed/arranged/desired/ordered/insisted that. . . 句型中。如：It is quite natural tha

19、t he should do it by himself. 他竟然會自己去做是很自然的。It is a pity that you should have missed such a chance. 很可惜你竟然錯過了這么一個機會。It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by this afternoon. 要求我們下午以前把一切準(zhǔn)備好。4、用于It is (high/about) time that. . . （該是的時候了）的句型中。（可用be型，也可用were型）。如：It's time we had lunch.

20、/It's time that we should have lunch. =It's time for lunch. /It's time for us to have lunch. 是我們吃午飯的時間了。注It is time for sb. to do sth. 指該干什么的時候到了；It is time that從句暗指已經(jīng)晚了。六、were型虛擬語氣：were型虛擬語氣指謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式。常用于以下情況：1、用于wish/would rather/had better后的賓語從句。如：I wish he had gone to the exhibi

21、tion. 但愿他已參觀展覽去了。I wish you would give her a message for me. 希望你能代我給他捎個口信。I'd rather you went there instead of Jack. 我寧愿你替杰克到那兒去。I had better (that) you came yesterday. 我想你昨天來就好了。I had better (that) you had come that day. 我想那天你來了就好了。注在I wish (that) he/she/it/they句型中，謂語形式用would + 動詞原形的形式，表示疑惑、不滿或

22、對未來的一種愿望。如：I wish he would write more often. =I'm sorry he isn't willing to write more often. 他要是多寫信就好了。I wish she would wear a coat today. =I'm sorry she refuses to wear a coat today. 要是她今天穿一件大衣就好了。I wish they would stop making so much noises. =I am dissatisfied at them making noises. 要

23、是他們停止吵鬧就好了。I wish they would change the menu. =I am tired of eating the dishes. 要是他們改改菜譜就好了。在I wish you would的句型中，雖然不帶有以上所述強烈的感情色彩，但暗含有埋怨的意思。如：I wish you would help me. 希望你能幫幫我（暗指你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常主動幫助我）。I wish you would. 作為一種回答，不含有任何不滿的情緒。如：Shall I help you check the accounts? 要不要我?guī)湍悴橐幌沦~目？I wish you would. (=I&

24、#39;d be glad of your help. )非常高興你能幫忙。2、用在由as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句中，以及由so that/in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。in case引起的條件狀語從句有時也可用虛擬語氣。如：How wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified. 他滿頭白發(fā)，十分凌亂好像帶了電似的。You speak as though you had seen it with your own eyes. 你講起來就像是你親眼所見似的。The teacher s

25、poke slowly so that the students could (might) hear him clearly. 老師講得很慢，以便學(xué)生能聽清楚。The emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once. 皇帝給了兩個騙子一些金子，以便他們可以立即開工。Jim asked slowly as if he had not yet understood that obvious fact even after the harder mental labour. 吉姆

26、慢慢地問，似乎經(jīng)過最費勁地思索后，還是沒有理解這顯而易見的事實。Ill take my credit card with me in case I decided to buy something when I am out. 我會隨身帶著信用卡，以方便我外出時可決定買些什么東西。注在look as if和seem as if引起的從句中，如果動作發(fā)生的可能性很大或很接近事實，一般用陳述語氣。如果明顯不屬于事實，則用虛擬語氣。如：He looks as if he is from Beijing. 他看起來像個北京人。（接近事實）It seems as if we'll have to

27、 walk home. 看來我們得走回去了。（可能性很大）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken. 如果一支鉛筆部分放在水里，鉛筆看上去像是折斷了似的。（不是事實）as if從句中的系表結(jié)構(gòu)如表示過去某個時刻的某種狀態(tài)，其虛擬語氣一般用一般過去時態(tài)形式表示。如：I could not move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. 我邁不動腿，腿似乎粘到地上了。He acted as if he were an exper

28、t. 他表現(xiàn)得好象是一位專家似的。3、用在It is time that從句中。但在It is time + I/he/she/it 句型中，謂語部分的be不能用were。如：It's (high) time that we went (should go) home. 是我們回家的時候了。（我們該回家了。）It is time I was going. 我該走了。It is high time he was at work. 他該上班了。4、if only用于句首，有跟 wish 同樣的意思，且較 wish 更為生動、夸張。如：If only we knew where to loo

29、k for him!要是我們知道到那兒去找他該有多好啊!If only she had asked someone's advice!要是她向別人討教了該有多好啊!七、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：用在某些表示強烈愿望或者將may放在句首，表示說話人對對方的祝愿和祝福的句子中，該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)不加"s"。如："God bless you，"said the priest. “上帝保佑你，”牧師說。May you both be happy forever!祝二位永遠幸福!May good luck be yours. 祝你順利。Long

30、live the people!人民萬歲!May you succeed. / Wish you success. 祝你成功。能力過關(guān)檢測1. If the dog hadnt woken us, we _ the fire and it _ the house next door.        A. hadnt noticed；had spread to         B. wouldnt have noticed；might have spread

31、 toC. wouldnt notice；would have spread to   D. didnt notice；spread to2. I wish I _ to talk this over with Mr. Zhang when he was here last night.        A. had been able     B. should be able    C. have been able   D. wer

32、e able3. If you were to do it，the result _ different.        A. will be    B. would beC. should be          D. would have been4. _ today，he would get there by Saturday.        A. I

33、f he leaves        B. Was he leaving C. Would he leave D. Were he to leave5. It was a lovely day yesterday. I wish I _ at the seaside then.        A. were      B. had been C. should be    &#

34、160;     D. should have been6. It is a great pity that he _ so careless.        A. was       B. will be    C. should be          D. can be7. Even if I _ with yo

35、u then，I _ much for you.        A. would be；would not do      B. were；should not have doneC. had been；would not do      D. had been；should not have done8. _ I would not refuse his invitation.     

36、0;  A. Were I you   B. If I should be youC. If I was you        D. If I had been you9. The whole family greeted me as though I _ a member of the family.        A. am         B. wer

37、e      C. would    D. should be10. _，everything would have been all right.        A. He had been here      B. Here he had beenC. Been here he had      D. Had he been here11. _，man

38、could not live at all.        A. Were it not for the sun         B. If it was for the sun   C. Had it not been for the sun  D. If it shouldnt be for the sun12. Their suggestion that she _ till next week is reasonabl

39、e.        A. wait       B. are waiting         C. will wait D. would wait13. The experiment had failed. I suggest you _ again. A. try         B. trying 

40、60;   C. will try   D. would try14. We _ the work on time without your help.        A. hadnt had finished   B. didnt have finishedC. cant have finished   D. couldnt have finished15. If only I _ as young as you are!  

41、0;    A. be      B. am         C. were      D. being16. Should it rain，the crops _.        A. will be saved B. would be savedC. had been saved    

42、;    D. would have been saved17. It is important that we _ wild animals.        A. will protect        B. should protect    C. shall protect   D. are protecting18. Without the air to hold some of

43、 the suns heat，the earth at night _，too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold         B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold      D. can freeze coldly19. _it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit &#

44、160;  to the Yangpu Bridge.        A. Were      B. Should          C. Would    D. Will20. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.      &

45、#160; A. obeys     B. obey      C. will obeyD. would obey21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.        A. should be          B. would beC. have been 

46、0;        D. had been22. If it _ for the snow，we _ the mountain yesterday.        A. were not；could have climbed         B. were not；could climbC. had not been；could have climbed D. had not been；

47、could climb23. You _ the train；however，you got there a little late. Yes，I missed the bus. A. could catch         B. should catch      C. must have caught    D. would have caught24. I wish they _ that problem again when t

48、hey _ tomorrow.        A. will not bring up；will comeB. would not bring up；comeC. would not bring up；would come    D. will not bring up；come25. The order came that the medical supplies _ to the village soon.        A. would b

49、e sent    B. should send   C. be sent          D. must be sent26. The teacher demanded that the composition _ before class was over.        A. must finish        B.

50、would be finished C. be finished   D. must be finished27. If he _ to the teacher attentively，he _ the answer to the problem now.        A. had listened；would have known    B. listened；would knowC. listened；would have knownD. had listened；would know28

51、. Had I known her name，_.        A. I will invite her to lunch       B. she will come hereC. she would come hereD. I would have invited her to lunch29. I realize that you were driving at 100 mph，dont you?No，officer，I _. This car cant do mor

52、e than 80. A. cannot be     B. may not have beenC. couldnt have been   D. neednt have been30. You _ the washing up. I would have done it for you.        A. neednt have done    B. didnt need to have done C. werent to 

53、0;  D. mustnt have done31. You _ the look on his face when he won the prize.        A. would have seen B. can be seen   C. must seeD. should have seen32. With all the work finished，I _ to the party last night.        A. must

54、go B. ought to go        C. should have gone D. need to go33. If I _ out of ink，I would have finished writing the paper.        A. didnt run          B. shouldnt run    

55、C. havent run        D. hadnt run34. If Henry had not pulled his cap low，he _ by the police.        A. might be recognized B. might have been recognizedC. would have recognized        D. was to have b

56、een recognized35. If we had known that she had planned to arrive today，we _ at the bus station.        A. may have met    B. might met        C. may met D. might have met36. He told me how he had given me shelter and pro

57、tection without which I _ of hunger.        A. would be died    B. would have died C. would die          D. will die37. Were it not for the debts，we _ all right.        A. would be

58、B. would have been C. were     D. are38. Had electronic computer not been invented，many problems of space flight _.        A. could not have been solved          B. could not be solvedC. can not be solved

59、D. could not have solved39. Why didnt anybody ring me up?Sorry，I lose your telephone number，otherwise，I _ long before. A. had rung you up       B. must have rung you upC. would have rung you up      D. ought have rung you up40. I would have invi

60、ted her to the party but I _ her well.        A. dont know   B. didnt know   C. doesnt know    D. hadnt known41. It is necessary that an efficient worker _ his work on time.        A. finishes  B. can

61、 finish          C. finish     D. has finished42. _ you succeed in passing the college entrance examination!A. May       B. Can        C. Must    

62、0; D. will43. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.        A. hadnt read        B. havent read   C. wouldnt read    D. didnt read44. I went to the meeting yesterday becau

63、se I _ nothing about the discussion without attending it.        A. didnt know   B. would know  C. knew     D. would have known45. If she could sew (縫)，she _ herself a shirt.        A. made  

64、0;  B. would have made C. will make         D. had made46. Its time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow.        A. are going；will comeB. go；are comingC. went；came        D. wo

65、uld go；would come47. It is suggested that the work _ at once.        A. would start        B. should start        C. would be started D. should be started48. How I wish I _ him yesterday.   

66、     A. meet      B. met        C. have metD. had met49. I _ to stay there for one more week，but I changed my mind.        A. hoped    B. had hoped    

67、0;     C. was hoping        D. would hope50. I was ill that day，otherwise I _ the sports meet.        A. would take part in    B. had taken part inC. took part in   D. would have taken part

68、in51. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up.        A. isB. will be    C. had beenD. were52. But for the Party，he _ of hunger 30 years ago.        A. would have died B. must have died   C. would die  

69、;        D. died53. Our former maths teacher died of cancer last term，otherwise he _.        A. will still workB. should still workC. would still have worked       D. would still be working54. The soldier

70、died in the hospital. He _ if the doctor _ on him two hours earlier.        A. might be saved；operatedB. could be saved；had operatedC. could have been saved；had operated      D. had been saved；was operated55. _ we would still be leading a hard l

71、ife.        A. Had China been liberated      B. Had China not been liberatedC. If China hadnt liberated       D. Had not China been liberated56. The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man.     

72、;   A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to     C. should engage to  D. must be engaged to57. Li Ning acted that way as if he _a foreigner.        A. isB. should beC. had beenD. were58. He may even suggest that such a law _.  

73、0;     A. will be passed          B. not be passed     C. would be passed      D. mustnt be passed59. He didnt come yesterday，or you _ him.        A. would see          B. were to see        C. might have seen D. had seen60. He _ the job well，but he _ so careless.        A. had done；had b