初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講及練習(xí)題

1、初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講及練習(xí)題.1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He watches Tv once a week . 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。

2、 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　?注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范

3、性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。 再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 二. 構(gòu)成及變化 1、be動(dòng)詞的變化 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如： I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑

4、問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?2、行為動(dòng)詞的變化 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。 如： We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。 如：we dont play basketball after school. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Do +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它? 如：Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+以do開(kāi)頭的

5、一般疑問(wèn)句? 如： What do you often do after school ? 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Does +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它如：Does he swim well?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+以does開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? 如： How does your father go to work? 三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)

6、則(只有在第三人稱為主語(yǔ)的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式) (1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs. (2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries 但在y前如果為元音則直接加s: buys says 2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的

7、狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago just now,等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenev

8、er the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到時(shí)間了 該了 It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了 早該了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué)了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示寧愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow. 4) wi

9、sh, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義：她已不在人間。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darb

10、y has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) 注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 1） 動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? 3 used to / be used to used to + do：過(guò)去常常表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在

11、。 Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. (過(guò)去常常散步) be used to + doing： 對(duì)已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步) 典型例題 : Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant

12、 答案A. 本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看 出，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。 二、構(gòu)成及變化 1. Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化： am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not= wasnt) are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent) 帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 .I watched a film last Sunday . 否定句

13、 ： 主語(yǔ)+ didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形. I didnt watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑問(wèn)句Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt . 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+ 以did 開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句 ? What did you do last Sunday ? 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、意義當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。 時(shí)間標(biāo)志now，句前的look ,listen 二、構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式 肯定句：主語(yǔ) +

14、 be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now . 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他? Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not . 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他? What are you doing now ? 三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成： (1)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing, (2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，

15、 如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming (3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waitin

16、g for you. b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或

17、持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.典型例題 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒(méi)有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。 五、 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的

18、動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, lo

19、ve, hateI need your help. He loves her very much. 3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系動(dòng)詞 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 4 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 2

20、）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, th

21、e sun was shining. 典型例題 ：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. a. read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；

22、fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句則在was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問(wèn)句將was/were提前則可。 如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday. Was he r

23、eading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.) What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday? 二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法： 1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過(guò)去的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： （just）then 那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí) at this/that time 在這/那時(shí) yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九點(diǎn) last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候 但在不少情況下，沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)需要通過(guò)上下

24、文來(lái)表示。 What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們?cè)谔咦闱颉?2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 （1）From 1983 to

25、 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。 （2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那幾天他正在寫一本書 3.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always forever， continually， constantly等連用時(shí)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛(ài)等情緒。 My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He

26、 was always helping others. (表示贊揚(yáng)) 4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，同樣，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語(yǔ)中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿恕?She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她問(wèn)他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來(lái)吃。 5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)

27、的區(qū)別。 （1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。也就是說(shuō)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，只表示有過(guò)這件事；用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完） The children watched TV yesterday evening. 昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生了這件事） The children were watching TV yesterday even

28、ing. 昨晚孩子們都在看電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性） (2) 表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice)可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說(shuō)話時(shí)口里含著食物。 (3) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與always， constantly， forever， continually等連用，表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與alwa

29、ys， constantly， forever， continually等連用，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，常帶有感*彩。如： He always got up at six. 他過(guò)去總是六點(diǎn)起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。 (4) 有時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)替換一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的行為是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮的;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒(méi)有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會(huì)同意我們的。 I was thinking of persuading him t

30、o follow my advice. 我想到了要說(shuō)服他接受我們的建議 6. 使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn) (1) 動(dòng)詞hope， wonder等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語(yǔ)氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)要委婉。如： I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過(guò)來(lái)跟我們一起活動(dòng)? 7.下面幾種情況不用一般過(guò)去時(shí)而要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： (1). 表示過(guò)去某一階段暫時(shí)性的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作時(shí)。如： Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 湯姆那一周里每天

31、都是六點(diǎn)鐘起床。 (2). 與always連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時(shí)。如： John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。 Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為人民做好事。 (3) 用來(lái)描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如： It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank

32、. He wanted to cross the river.那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得很厲害，雨下得很大，一個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過(guò)河去。 (4) when作并列連詞，表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見(jiàn)了他。 We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來(lái)了。 (5) go, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示

33、過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。如： I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武漢。 She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。 8過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣(只限于want, hope, wonder 等動(dòng)詞)，用以提出請(qǐng)求。 如：I was wondering if you could help me. I was hoping you could send me home. 三、when, while 的用法 when和while與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時(shí)都有“當(dāng).時(shí)候”之意， 用法稍有不同： when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是

34、短暫性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是短暫性動(dòng)詞則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 則用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間段之內(nèi)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短動(dòng)作 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；如果主句和從句兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則全部用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),這時(shí) when和while都可以用。 when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生；while和as從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 when和while兩個(gè)詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when相當(dāng)于“在那時(shí)”， 等于at that ti

35、me或just then;而while則相當(dāng)于“而；卻；但是”；相當(dāng)于but,表示對(duì)比關(guān) 系。（這一點(diǎn)暫時(shí)可以不掌握） When+短 /延While+延eg. I was playing computer games when my father got home. = When my father got home,I was playing computer games. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. = When/While I was doing my homework, mother was co

36、oking. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)：（聰明的你一定能全部做對(duì)） 1 Simon _ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m. 2 Peter _(do) his homework at seven last night. 3 They _ (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 4 He _(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. 5 What book _ you _(read) when I _ (see)you at four y

37、esterday afternoon? 6 While she _ (watch) TV, her son _ (play) outside the room. 7 It _ (begin) to rain while we _(work) in the field.8 I _ (do) my homework last night when the light _ (go) out. go out 意為熄滅 9 I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing? -Oh, I _ (read) some bo

38、oks on science. 10. Girls _(dance) while boys _(sing) at the party. 11.- Did you see Tim just now? - Yes. He _ (fish) by the river. 12.When the teacher _ (come) into the classroom, the students _（laugh）loudly. 5一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一、意義：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , nex

39、t year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 構(gòu)成及變化： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu) be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。 shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒(méi)有太多的計(jì)劃性, 還用來(lái)表示意愿 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 1 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 2 否定句

40、主語(yǔ)+be(am / is / are)not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份 I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看電影。3 一般疑問(wèn)句 Be (am / is / are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?No , he isnt.不。4 .特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-)+一般疑問(wèn)句 ? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesita

41、l.? 春節(jié)你打算在哪過(guò)? .注意: be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的動(dòng)詞，一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí) 形式表示。 如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約. .will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形 (在書面語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，常用shall ,在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will) 1.肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 (shall) write to him next week.下周我將給他寫信。 2.否定句 主語(yǔ) + will /shall+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份 They

42、wont watch TV this evening. 今天晚上他們不看電視。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句 will/shall+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎? 4.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-) +一般疑問(wèn)句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來(lái)? 三、附 :Shall I /we 常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，而問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Will you?他們的回答比較靈活。 1.Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure ,

43、lets go . 否定 No , lets go to the cinema. 2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure . 否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant. 四、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。 will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于

44、第二人稱。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。 a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表將

45、來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 5) be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí)， be going to 表將來(lái) will 表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as

46、 soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror 6) be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) . 7) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

47、(1)下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. (2)倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. (3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When B

48、ill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. (4)在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8) 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái) 意為：意圖、打算、安排、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arri

49、ve, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 6.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：

50、was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the (1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。would?？s略為d。 (2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。如： I didnt know if she would come。 I wasnt sure whether he would do it。 Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。

51、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也可以用“was(were) going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示。如： I didnt know if she was going to come。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 用法1：表示：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before 用法2：表示：過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 標(biāo)志詞：for, since, sinceago 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have

52、/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have) 1)肯定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 2)否定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去分詞3)一般疑問(wèn)句： Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定)4)特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞 例句1. 過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 如：1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成) 2)He has already come 他已經(jīng)來(lái)了。(過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始離開(kāi)某地到這來(lái)，現(xiàn)在已在這。)2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語(yǔ)了。 (六年前開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。 2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從1990年就在沈陽(yáng)住。 (從1990年開(kāi)始住在沈