武漢大學(xué)研究生英語課文翻譯Unit5

1、Detailed Reading The 2nd Sentence in the PrefacewHowever, a better understanding of the different priorities and perceptions of men and women can be used to maximize policy effectiveness.wprior: adj. 優(yōu)先的,在前的, be prior to wpriority. n. 優(yōu)先權(quán),先決條件（狀況）,wperception. 感知,感覺,wmaximize. v. 使使最大化，達(dá)到最大值最大化，達(dá)到最大

2、值wmaximum (max) / minimum (mini)weffect. / effective./ ness序言的參考譯文 在環(huán)境政策的制定和環(huán)境保護(hù)項(xiàng)目中，把性別問題作為主要問題予以考慮是極少見的。然而，更好地了解男女不同的先決條件，知覺過程，可以把政策的有效度提高到最大值。The 1st sentence, Para.1wIn many parts of the world, women tend to be the poorest of the poor in a very literal sense. wtend to +V. 易于, 往往會(huì)(是), 容易會(huì)(是),有某種傾向

3、,wE.g. Ladies tend to prefer red cars. win a very literal sense. 在字面意義上w毫不夸張地The following sentence.wIn addition to being the majority among the poor, they are often denied the most basic rights and access to critical resources such as land, inheritance or credit. wIn addition to : 除之外wmajority: the

4、 most of , majorwminority, the least of , minorwdeny: 否認(rèn)，拒絕給予wE.g. 1. He denied knowing anything about their plans.w2. He denied the money to his son.wbe denied : 被剝奪，waccess to：接近或使用(有權(quán)使用)的機(jī)會(huì)(途徑，渠道) wE.g. easy access to information waccessible. adj.參考譯文w除了是貧困人口中的大多數(shù)，婦女還常常被剝奪了基本權(quán)利，無法獲取諸如土地、繼承權(quán)、信用貸款等

5、至關(guān)重要的生活資源。undervalue v. 低估低估 (line. 5) w反義詞反義詞 ：overvalue we.g. We clearly undervalue him as a member of our team.w我們顯然低估了他這個(gè)隊(duì)員在隊(duì)中的作用。wCultural and social norms sometimes complicate matters further by placing additional expectations, restrictions and limitations on women. wnorms: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范 standard wnor

6、mal，adj.wcomplicate: v. -ed, adj.w參考譯文：有時(shí)候，文化和社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則對(duì)婦女寄予額外的期望、約束和局限，使其情況進(jìn)一步復(fù)雜化。the last sentence, Para.1wIn no regions of the world are equal to Para.2wsynergy:協(xié)同,配合,企業(yè)合并后的協(xié)力優(yōu)勢或協(xié)同作用 wE.g. 1. lacking synergyw2. Many would probably have said that, it is the synergy between people that creates the stron

7、gest bond. 很多人大概這樣說過:人與人的緊密聯(lián)系，可以帶來堅(jiān)固的凝聚力。 alleviation n.緩和緩和 ,減輕，減輕，alleviate v. w poverty alleviation 扶貧扶貧w脫貧項(xiàng)目脫貧項(xiàng)目(poverty alleviation projects )wenvironmental sustainabilitywsustain: v.持續(xù)，保持; sustainable. adj.w.be explored below 在下文中進(jìn)行探究win terms of addressing address: 對(duì)待 wE.g. We should address

8、her as our equal.w我們應(yīng)該平等地對(duì)待她。 wIncluding energy and water by empowering wem- / en-參考譯文w關(guān)于處理婦女貧困問題，并結(jié)合“性別平等”、“減輕貧困”和“環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性”這三者的協(xié)同作用，下文將會(huì)進(jìn)行深入地探究，主要涉及以下問題：能源短缺、水資源缺乏、健康、氣候變化、自然災(zāi)害以及強(qiáng)化婦女在農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、生態(tài)多元化管理領(lǐng)域中的權(quán)力，使之創(chuàng)造出可持續(xù)的生存方式。biomass (Para. 3, line.2)wBio-, biologywmass. n. 【物理學(xué)】質(zhì)量,量,w生物量, (單位面積或體積內(nèi))生物的數(shù)量,

9、wWomen were recognized asand as victims of environmental deterioration that wvictim. n. 受害(災(zāi))者，犧牲品，wdeteriorate. v. = worsen,wscarce. adj. 短缺，稀少；scarcity. n. w參考譯文：亦被認(rèn)為是環(huán)境惡化導(dǎo)致能源短缺的受害者。Para.4, the 1st sentencewThe surveys have shown that w據(jù)調(diào)查情況顯示（表明）wResearches show that wThe burden increases as defo

10、restation worsens, available to women. income-generating in decision making.wdeforestation: de-, forest, -tionwavailable: 可用的,可得到的,可獲得的, wincome-generating: 產(chǎn)生，生成（收入） 參考譯文w由于濫伐森林的情況加劇，婦女尋柴負(fù)擔(dān)加重，這又影響（占用）了可供其支配的時(shí)間，使之無空參加其它活動(dòng)，包括可以為她們帶來收入、接受教育和參與決策的活動(dòng)。quadruplingwn. 四倍wE.g. The country fulfilled the targ

11、et of quadrupling the 1990 GDP in 2000, five years ahead of schedule. 國家于2000年提前5年實(shí)現(xiàn)了GDP比1990年翻兩番的計(jì)劃目標(biāo)。 afforestation n.植樹植樹wa-, forest, -tionwan afforestation plan 綠化規(guī)劃wE.g. The government suggested large-scale afforestation.w植樹/造林法 (natural afforestation / artificial afforestation )Para. 4, the la

12、st sentencewFunding petered out, however, were not as successful as anticipated.wpeter vi.逐漸消失，緊缺wE.g. Their enthusiasm soon petered out.w他們的熱情不久就消失了。wforestry projectswasas anticipated：如(像)預(yù)期的那樣參考譯文w然而，當(dāng)改進(jìn)后的爐灶和造林工程沒有獲得預(yù)期的成功時(shí)，扶持項(xiàng)目的基金便逐漸緊縮了。Para.5w1. revive. v.w(使)蘇醒, (使)復(fù)興/復(fù)活, revival. n.wE.g. econo

13、mical revivalw此段的第一句：Attention to and its impact on has revived.w2. ranked as 被列為，被認(rèn)為wE.g. A recent survey showed that 90% of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority, compared to 65% only years ago. w最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明，90%的調(diào)查對(duì)象把致富作為他們的首選，相比之下，幾年前僅有65%的人這樣想。 w試譯：愛因斯坦被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)今最偉大的科學(xué)家。wEinstein was r

14、anked as the greatest scientist of our age. wIts estimated to kill 2 million women and .w據(jù)估計(jì)，在發(fā)展中國家，每年有二百萬婦女、兒童死于此因，還會(huì)引起呼吸方面的疾病和眼疾。win exposure: 暴露在外的程度w受污染空氣毒害的程度Para.6w1. apace. adv. 急速地, 飛快地w2. removing yet another area where .w 搬遷到另一個(gè)地區(qū)，在該地區(qū)Para.8w1. is predicted to 有預(yù)言稱w2. displacement of popul

15、ation w3. adaptive capacityPara.9w1. The potential value of gender has received less attention.w2. play a key role inw3. energy conservationw4. renewable energy technologyPara.11w4. Its widely acknowledged that 廣泛認(rèn)同的是,公認(rèn)的是1. Land tenure n. (law) (土地，資產(chǎn)) 擁有權(quán)，保有期 (大學(xué)或其他機(jī)構(gòu)中教師等的)長期聘用，終身職位2. discriminato

16、ry inheritancediscrimination. n.3. collateral. n. 擔(dān)保，抵押 get loans using land as wE.g. It is widely acknowledged that honesty is a virtue in Chinese traditional culture.Para.12w1. vary. v. = be differentwvarious. adj.w2. cash crop: 商品作物,經(jīng)濟(jì)作物(以供出售而種植的)w3. implications for biodiversity. bio- (biology)w

17、 imply. v. diverse. adj. diversity. n.w4. migration:Para.12, the last sentence:wBy contrast, women retain ashared level ofandandas their roles and duties change.w參考譯文參考譯文：相比之下，婦女對(duì)野生食物、食品的加工工藝、藥材的一般性知識(shí)有廣泛的了解，且知道如何可持續(xù)地利用生物的多元化。并且隨著年齡與角色的變化，婦女對(duì)自然資源會(huì)掌握一些新的知識(shí)。Para. 13, the 1st sentencewLack of water has

18、been recognized as a factor in those parts of the world where wpotable. adj. 可以喝的,適合飲用的wbe responsible forwHygiene: the practice of keeping yourself and your surroundings clean, especially in order to prevent illness or the spread of diseases.hygiene n.衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生, 衛(wèi)生學(xué)衛(wèi)生學(xué) food hygiene 食品衛(wèi)生wenvironmental hy

19、giene 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生wE.g. A healthy lifestyle includes having a nutritious diet and good personal hygiene.w工作環(huán)境保健 (hygiene in the workplace)w 口腔衛(wèi)生(oral hygiene )參考譯文w在世界上的一些地方，由于缺乏獲得生活用水的途徑，婦女需尋水取水來滿足烹飪、清潔和衛(wèi)生的需要，這也成為了加重婦女工作重負(fù)的一個(gè)因素。Para. 14w1. as as .was much as 3 days, 長達(dá)三天的時(shí)間was short as a second, 短的如was muc

20、h as you can was possible as you can w2. caloric, adj. calorie, n.w3. this limits the time available for them to engage in wengage in sth: 使從事于, 參加, 忙于waterborne adj. 水上的水上的, 水運(yùn)的，由水傳播的，水運(yùn)的，由水傳播的，水路運(yùn)輸?shù)乃愤\(yùn)輸?shù)?wwaterborne trade 水路貿(mào)易；海外貿(mào)易水路貿(mào)易；海外貿(mào)易wwaterborne diseases 由飲水傳染的疾病由飲水傳染的疾病w參考譯文：w 這限制了婦女可用于從事社會(huì)

21、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)來爭得報(bào)酬的時(shí)間，也限制了婦女從事自我發(fā)展的活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。潔凈水的缺乏是兒童染上以水傳播的疾病，即兒童生病、死亡的主要原因之一。這無疑進(jìn)一步增加了婦女在養(yǎng)兒育女時(shí)的責(zé)任范圍。Para. 15w1. Constant exposure to water while collecting, puts women at greater risk ofwexposure towput sb. at risk: 使處于危險(xiǎn)境地使處于危險(xiǎn)境地 wcontract: 染上(惡習(xí), 疾病等) w參考譯文：長期與水接觸，如取水、洗衣、做清潔衛(wèi)生、烹飪，使婦女更易于感染與水有關(guān)的疾病的危險(xiǎn)。urinary

22、adj.尿的, 泌尿的 n.小便池 wurinary system 泌尿系統(tǒng)wurinary tract infection 尿路感染w泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病 (diseases of urinary system)w泌尿系統(tǒng)梗阻 (obstruction of urinary system) schistosomiasis n. 血吸蟲病wschistosomiasis-infested water winfest v. 大批滋生 wincidence：發(fā)生率，發(fā)病率wE.g. 1. Theres a high incidence of disease there.w2. The incidence

23、of illness has fallen greatly. w參考譯文：尿路血吸蟲病在男孩中非常普遍，在年齡為10歲至40歲之間的少女、婦女中，情況亦然如此。男孩中的病因與游泳有關(guān)，婦女和女孩的病因卻與她們站在當(dāng)?shù)赜醒x感染的水中洗衣的習(xí)慣有關(guān)。Para.16wThe 1st sentence: The link has been widely recognized, if not fully acted upon, in recent years.w這一關(guān)系得到了廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)。wact upon (on): 遵照.行事wE.g. 1. We must act upon order. 我們必

24、須依照命命行事。 w2. They should have some principles to act upon. 他們必須有一些原則可以遵循。w參考譯文：近年來，雖說人們尚未完全依照健康與環(huán)境的關(guān)系在行事，但這一（健康與環(huán)境的）關(guān)系卻是得到了廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)。 cholera n.霍亂霍亂 winfected with cholera 被傳染上霍亂intestinal adj. 腸的, 腸內(nèi)的, 腸的(疾病) w腸道細(xì)菌 (intestinal bacteria)w腸疾 (intestinal trouble )wPollutants in the environment (including)

25、 pose a constant threat to the human body.wpollutant. n. 污染源（物）wpose a threat to對(duì) 構(gòu)成危害（威脅）w環(huán)境中的污染物對(duì)人體構(gòu)成了持續(xù)的危害。w(including)wtoxin: n.毒素wdioxin: n. 二惡英w二惡英是一種無色無味、毒性嚴(yán)重的脂溶性物質(zhì)，二惡英是一個(gè)簡稱，它指的并不是一種單一物質(zhì)，而是結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)都很相似的包含眾多同類物或異構(gòu)體的兩大類有機(jī)化合物，全稱分別叫多氯二苯并-對(duì)-二惡英（簡稱PCDDs）和多氯二苯并呋喃（簡稱PCDFs），我國的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中把它們統(tǒng)稱為二惡英類。wIncinerati

26、on: n. 燒成灰, 焚化w城市垃圾焚化 (incineration of municipal refuse) 參考譯文w環(huán)境中的污染物對(duì)人體健康構(gòu)成了長久的危害。這些污染物包括來自運(yùn)輸和工業(yè)方面的空氣污染，化學(xué)有毒氣體和工業(yè)處理中的重金屬，還有廢品焚化時(shí)產(chǎn)生的二惡英。Para.16, Climate Change is expected to increase vectorswvector n. (傳播疾病的)媒介昆蟲，帶菌生物 we.g. Mosquitoes are feared as vectors of malaria.wbreed: v. 生育，繁殖wlatitudes & al

27、titudes: 緯度（地域）和高度w參考譯文：氣候的變化極大地加重了疫情。目前該地域的緯度和氣溫尚能抑制傳染病菌的茲生 (而氣溫的變化將會(huì)適宜于這些傳染病菌的繁殖)。Para.17wPoor nutritional level wnutrition. n. 營養(yǎng)，滋養(yǎng)winfectious diseases 傳染病wexacerbate: v.使惡化;使加重 wE.g. The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain.w參考譯文：營養(yǎng)不良使人面對(duì)傳染病時(shí)更容易受到感染。年齡和性別的差異會(huì)加重患病的可能。wMalaria, for examp

28、le, During pregnancy, it can cause severe anemia, wMalaria: 醫(yī)瘧疾; anemia wfetus: 胎兒; abortion: 流產(chǎn) stillbirth：死胎wIntrauterine: 子宮內(nèi)的wretardation: 遲緩，阻滯wInfant: 新生兒w參考譯文：在懷孕期間，瘧疾能引起嚴(yán)重的貧血，危及胎兒的生命，增加流產(chǎn)、早產(chǎn)、死胎、子宮內(nèi)胎兒發(fā)育遲緩以及新生兒體重不足的機(jī)率。Para.17wSocial welfare: 社會(huì)安康（福利）wto (different) extents. 在不同程度上wGlobally, me

29、n account for 52% of infected adults. waccount for: 占有,占.百分比; 說明(解釋)原因,證明 wE.g. Two things account for its occurrence.wconfound: 搞亂;混淆(意念等)w參考譯文：在全球范圍內(nèi)，成人感染艾滋病中52%為男性。在許多地方，婦女因缺乏對(duì)艾滋病如何傳播的了解，使得艾滋病問題進(jìn)一步惡化。wSub-Saharan: 撒哈拉以南的非洲大陸wIn this region, women grow most ofwThe first sign of wider community dis

30、ruption:wcommunity disruption: 大規(guī)模的、生態(tài)的分裂/瓦解/破壞w參考譯文：在非洲沙哈拉沙漠以南，55%的感染者為婦女。在該地區(qū)，婦女耕作大部分的糧食作物。她們的農(nóng)作常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)因艾滋病大規(guī)模破壞而表現(xiàn)出的最初跡象。例如，在馬拉維、莫桑比克、贊比亞和津巴布韋，婦女們負(fù)責(zé)大部分的糧食生產(chǎn)。為了彌補(bǔ)艾滋病導(dǎo)致的勞動(dòng)力喪失，這些地方的糧食生產(chǎn)發(fā)生了極大的變化由原先的種植玉米轉(zhuǎn)向種植營養(yǎng)欠佳的，但需要較少勞動(dòng)力的木薯。Para.19 wUrbanization: 城市化wurban. n. 城市的中心 urbanize. v.wE.g. industry industria

31、lize；wcommerce commercializewThe 1st sentence: the link between was mostly seen as being left while men migrated to cities .w參考譯文：參考譯文：直到近來，隨著農(nóng)村婦女被留在鄉(xiāng)村務(wù)農(nóng)而男子移居到城市以求得更好的收入，人們才普遍關(guān)注性別與環(huán)境和城市化的關(guān)系。wThe focus has expanded to include the impactw城市環(huán)境對(duì)婦女的影響（這一問題）也被擴(kuò)充進(jìn)了人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之中。wbe vulnerable to sth. 容易受到Para.

32、20wcan be extreme: 可能是極端的（狀況）wsanitation：衛(wèi)生設(shè)施wnon-existent: 不存在wlow-cost residential areas and slumswresidence 居民 residential. adj.w譯：在城市，空氣與水污染(問題)可能極為嚴(yán)重。而在廉租房和貧民窟里，衛(wèi)生設(shè)施與污水處理?xiàng)l件很差，或者根本就無此設(shè)備。wHousing tenure patterns in towns wgender distorted 因性別而扭曲wsecure tenure 保障權(quán)wleave adj. (vulnerable): 使處于的狀態(tài)wE

33、.g. The great earthquake left millions homeless. wDont leave me alone. wmeanly: 簡陋,寒酸地 E.g. a meanly dressed man wHouseholds with a couplew譯文：城鄉(xiāng)的房屋居住模式也會(huì)因性別而扭曲。婦女總是更難獲得房屋或土地的保障權(quán)。此外，現(xiàn)實(shí)中的男女不平等使得以婦女為一家之首的家庭極其脆弱，尤其是在土地被剝奪的地區(qū)。簡陋的城市居民中只有婦女一方在家的家庭一般都比夫婦倆同時(shí)持家的家庭更貧困。Para.21wstrike: 攻擊, 襲擊; 侵襲wE.g. earthquake

34、-stricken areas wevenly: 均勻地wIts well established that眾所周知,共識(shí).wdisaster-prone areasw-prone: 易于的; 很可能的,有傾向的wbadly sited housing wsite: v. 定的地點(diǎn)； n. 場地，會(huì)址等rehabilitation n.復(fù)原復(fù)原 rehabilitate v.wrehabilitation for the elderly 老年人康復(fù)醫(yī)療w康復(fù)中心 (rehabilitation center)w參考譯文：災(zāi)難的降臨不會(huì)因?yàn)槿说纳鐣?huì)等級(jí)或性別而有差異。但是眾所周知，窮人更容易受到

35、環(huán)境和其它災(zāi)難的影響，更容易遭遇挫折。他們更可能是住在災(zāi)難易發(fā)區(qū)，住在不牢固、質(zhì)量差、選址差的房子里，幾乎沒有什么辦法獲得救助或重新安置住所。Para.22w(socially and spatially) out of the loop of information supplied by early warning systemswspatially: space ， n.wout of the loop: 在圈外wearly warning systems：預(yù)先警報(bào)系統(tǒng)w參考譯文：任何人，從社會(huì)屬性和空間方位來說，如果他們處在預(yù)警系統(tǒng)圈外，他們則有可能遭受更多的災(zāi)患痛苦。The 1991

36、 cyclonewcyclone: 同義詞：typhoon, hurricanewdisproportionate. adj. 不相稱的, 不成比例的,w譯文：1991年巴格達(dá)的龍卷風(fēng)使得男女死者的比例失衡。(1000名死者中71名為女性，15名為男性)wImpropriety：im-, proper, -tyw譯文：這其中的原因之一是因?yàn)辇埦盹L(fēng)的預(yù)警主要在公眾場合播報(bào)，而婦女則較少涉足這些地方。研究表明，婦女在出門前耽擱的時(shí)間比較長，目的是為了避免獨(dú)自在公共場合出現(xiàn)會(huì)不合時(shí)宜。另外，也較少有人會(huì)教她們游泳。Para.23wventure into the storm冒險(xiǎn)去;鋌而走險(xiǎn)地w參考譯

37、文：另一方面，男人并不十分看重災(zāi)難預(yù)警。在1998年的米其颶風(fēng)中，佛羅里達(dá)和加勒比地區(qū)的男性死者要多于女性，原因之一在于他們鋌而走險(xiǎn)被卷進(jìn)了風(fēng)暴。在日本，無論是1995年神戶發(fā)生的地震或者是那之后的地震都清楚地表明了（死亡人口）受到男女性別差異的影響。Para.24 Challenges for the FuturewForward-looking 前瞻性的,strategy 策略wVice-versa: 反之亦然wHinge on sth：取決于, 以為轉(zhuǎn)移wE.g. Everything hinges on (upon) what happens next.w一切以下一步的發(fā)展而定。w參考

38、譯文：將性別融入環(huán)境分析或者進(jìn)行環(huán)境分析時(shí)考慮性別因素這一前瞻性前瞻性策略要獲得完全的成功取決于三個(gè)方面。Para.25wgrassroots: “草根” 最基層的群眾(組織/機(jī)構(gòu))w譯文：首先，從基層組織到政府部門的所有階層要幫助并支持婦女參與、改變環(huán)境政策和活動(dòng)的能力。wbe poorly represented in government: represent. v. 表現(xiàn),代表,作為的代表來維護(hù)的利益，w婦女在政府里任代表的人少的可憐（任職的人很少）wThere has been but still falls far short of mens. 雖然有了但仍遠(yuǎn)不如wfall sho

39、rt of :不足,達(dá)不到,wE.g. Now, our supply fall short of demand.w我們的產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求。wPart of the solution is to by equalizing education and literacy rates w解決的辦法之一就是通過(讓)接收平等的教育和提高文化水平wliteracy: n. 有教養(yǎng)，有文化Para.26wbe integrated into :把把結(jié)合結(jié)合(合并合并)w在制定財(cái)政計(jì)劃時(shí)把性別平等的問題結(jié)合進(jìn)去（考慮進(jìn)來）w so far.迄今為止，到某個(gè)程度迄今為止，到某個(gè)程度wUNIFEM: United

40、 Nations of Development Fund for Women 聯(lián)合國婦女發(fā)展基金會(huì)whas supported the development of budgets that and addresses w基金會(huì)已經(jīng)支持20個(gè)國家開展了針對(duì)性別問題的預(yù)算方案，(這一方案)將查明公共資源該如何分配才能對(duì)男女都有利，并且還致力于盡量滿足男女平等的要求。earmark v. 指定指定(款項(xiàng)等的款項(xiàng)等的)用于用于,給給加上記號(hào)加上記號(hào)/標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)識(shí)wE.g. 1. 20% of the budget has already been earmarked for a new computer

41、 system.w百分之二十的預(yù)算定于用在新計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。百分之二十的預(yù)算定于用在新計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。w2. Correct speech is an earmark of the educated man.w合適的談吐是受教育者的特征合適的談吐是受教育者的特征。wequivalent: 相等于，相當(dāng)于wthe equivalent of 0.85% of the total budget:相當(dāng)于總預(yù)算的0.85%的資金wquarterly:每個(gè)季度地Para.27wMuch of modern is framed by paradigm and relies onwbe framed by: fra

42、me. n. 框架w以為框架/體系，設(shè)計(jì)w譯：許多現(xiàn)代環(huán)境分析沿用的是技術(shù)/科學(xué)模式wparadigm: 范例，模范，樣式wrely on: depend on 依賴，依靠wquantitative biophysical data:wquantity. n. 數(shù)量， bio- physical w對(duì)生物物理數(shù)據(jù)的定量分析anecdotal adj. 多軼事趣聞的多軼事趣聞的,軼事的軼事的 anecdote n.wHis findings are based on anecdotal evidence rather than serious research.w基于道聽途說的證據(jù)基于道聽途說的

43、證據(jù) / 個(gè)人主觀的描述個(gè)人主觀的描述 / 傳聞的證據(jù)傳聞的證據(jù)wMerge: 合并，融合合并，融合Para.28wmainstream. v. 列為主流，當(dāng)做主流wA third: anotherwfirst-order: the first in order,第一，最wPerspective: 視角，dimensionwbe dismissed as trivial: wdismiss. v. 駁回，不予受理，不予考慮wtrivial: 瑣事的，微不足道的wdivert energy and time away from pressing issues 把轉(zhuǎn)移開(走)wMatter: vi

44、. be important w.的確很重要。ExercisesFill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the list given. Change the form if necessary.rehabilitation vulnerability migration alleviation preference displacement sustainability incineration urbanization deterioration wGirls in their early teens are part

45、icularly _ to negative influences. wHeavy rains brought by the typhoon _ the drought conditions. wFrom the loss of biodiversity we now realize that the current model of development is _. wHer health _ to the point that she could no longer walk. wEllis expressed a(n) _ for inviting teachers to give s

46、uggestions. wFlooding caused by the tsunami may _ up to a million people. 7. The first Americans _ across the Bering land 10,000 years ago. 8. I would _ it if we had a bigger house, but we cant afford it. 9. The entire neighborhood was _ in the first half of the fire. 10. The state government will b

47、e using some of its tax dollars to _ its downtown area. 11. If someone is _, they become more typical of people who live in cities. 12. The political consultant devised a campaign to _ the First Ladys image. Directions: Match the synonyms and /or antonyms in italics with the words or phrases in the

48、following list. The first one has been done for you. overvalue depend simplify underestimate figurative sophisticate deforestation invulnerability exposure relieve shift heritage security aggregate decelerationundervaluecomplicateafforestationliteralvulnerabilityAlleviatedisplacementinheritancecolla

49、teralexacerbateRetardationhingeSynonymunderestimateAntonymovervaluewkeyundervaluecomplicateafforestationliteralvulnerabilityAlleviatedisplacementinheritancecollateralexacerbateRetardationhingeSynonymunderestimateSophisticate exposurerelieveshiftheritagesecurityaggregatedecelerationdependAntonymoverv

50、aluesimplifyDeforestationfigurativeinvulnerabilityDirections: Choose the correct definition for each of the underlined words.1. In many parts of the world, women tend to be the poorest of the poor in a very literal sense. a. Being in accordance with, conforming to, or upholding the exact or primary meaning of a word or words. b. Word for word; verbatim; c. Conforming or limited to the simplest, nonfigurative, or most obvious meaning of a word or words. 2. Discrim