高三英語(yǔ)高考二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句

1、定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí) 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句（定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞組或代詞即詞即先行詞先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等。等。關(guān)系副詞有：關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。等。關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞起著起著

2、代詞和連詞代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?，在從句中充?dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)起著起著副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞的作用，的作用，在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)The man ( who is standing there) is my brother.關(guān)系詞的作用：代替前面的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分關(guān)系詞的作用：代替前面的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分 把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：A man is standing there.The man is my bro

3、ther.= 主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞先行詞一般是名詞或代詞先行詞一般是名詞或代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形形式式上上 不用逗號(hào)不用逗號(hào)“ ，”與主句隔開與主句隔開用逗號(hào)用逗號(hào)“ ，”與主與主句隔開句隔開 意意義義上上 是先行詞不可缺是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)意義或意思表達(dá)不完整不完整 只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)只是

4、對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。的意思。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從限制性定語(yǔ)從句句 非限制性定語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句 譯法上譯法上 譯成先行詞的譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)：“的的 ” 通常譯成主句通常譯成主句的并列句的并列句 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的使用的使用上上 1. 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略省略1. 不可省略不可省略 2. 可用可用that 2. 不用不用that 3. 可用可用who 代代替替whom 3. 不可

5、用不可用who 代替代替whom 1. A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果去掉從句，剩余部分

6、意義不完整；非限制去掉從句，剩余部分意義不完整；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果性定語(yǔ)從句只是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完整。去掉從句，意義仍然完整。限制性限制性 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 從句從句先行詞是先行詞是物物先行先行詞是詞是人人定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)地地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主主賓賓主主 賓賓關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞which thatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞wherewhen原因原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)why非限制性非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是先行詞是物物先行先行詞是詞是人人定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)地地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主主賓賓主主 賓賓關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞which thatwhowhom

7、whose關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞wherewhen原因原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)why5. 在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中，需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中，需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： that 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 why 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用for whiche.g. I have told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 在非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用只能用whom，不能用，不能用who替換，也不

8、能省略替換，也不能省略His wife, _ you met at my home, was a teacher. A. whom B. who C. that D. whose在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)代替修飾的不是前面在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)代替修飾的不是前面 的名詞或代詞，而是前面的整一句話。這種關(guān)系代詞只有的名詞或代詞，而是前面的整一句話。這種關(guān)系代詞只有 兩個(gè)兩個(gè): which, asAlice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A.it B. that C. which D. he

9、_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What區(qū)別：區(qū)別： a. which 只能放在句只能放在句中中， 而而as 從句則還可以放在句首或句中。從句則還可以放在句首或句中。b. as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是必須是系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。如：。如：as we

10、all know, as is known to all, as you say, as I can see, as is reported, as you may have heard as 和和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；或者主句之后，甚至可以切

11、割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思eg:As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。1. t

12、hat在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人和物在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人和物 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2) The noodles that I looked were delicious.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister. 賓語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)）2. Which 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物1) They planted the trees

13、 which didnt need much water. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) )2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）3. who whom 在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ) ( (口語(yǔ)中非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中口語(yǔ)中非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中whowho也可也可作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)) )1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)）2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主語(yǔ)）（

14、主語(yǔ)） 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （賓語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)） 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ)，指人或物在從句中作定語(yǔ)，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition

15、the teacher talked of .關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞which，whom 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常有語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常有 “介詞介詞+which（或（或whom）”引引出。出。Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.This is the old man from whom weve learnt a lot. (1) 如果先行詞是如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不

16、定代詞，關(guān)系等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用代詞一般只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that 和和which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(3) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及如果先行

17、詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, must, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用詞常用that, 不用不用which, who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before .這是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。這是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。那是

18、通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我們必須要考慮啟動(dòng)我們工作的第一件事。我們必須要考慮啟動(dòng)我們工作的第一件事。 在以疑問(wèn)詞在以疑問(wèn)詞who開頭的句子中開頭的句子中, 或關(guān)系代詞在或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 用用that, 不用不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be.NOTE2. 2. 宜用宜用whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)定語(yǔ)

19、從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用which。The house in which they lived last yearhas been rebuilt.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用which。He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which helped her a lot.(3)當(dāng)先行詞受當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same，as, so 修飾時(shí)，常用修飾時(shí)，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool

20、as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：注意：當(dāng)先行詞由當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的

21、一樣的裙子。她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、主、謂、賓、定、狀定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one判斷改錯(cuò)判斷改錯(cuò)1. This

22、 is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.FFTT區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行

23、詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句2定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可

24、以由句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞

25、一般可以用同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around

26、the earth. Step 4. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)where時(shí)間時(shí)間when原因原因why/ for which關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：I visited the city.I was born in the city.= 主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句：I visited the city where I was born.先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞=（in which）關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)：在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)This is the house. + I was born in

27、the house.（介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)）= I was born there（副詞副詞).= This is the house_ I was born.=_ which注意區(qū)別：注意區(qū)別：This is the house _ I was born in.(which/ that)whereinWe will never forget the day. + we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.= We will never forget the day _ we will hold the Olympic Games. _ which注意區(qū)別

28、：注意區(qū)別：I will never forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which / that)I dont know the reason why he left here.= for whichwhenon注意注意：1. Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞已代替了前面的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞已代替了前面的先行詞，所以在從句中不能在重復(fù)了。所以在從句中不能在重復(fù)了。what 不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中2. Tell m

29、e anything what you know.Tell me what you know.thattell sb. sth,3. 在在介詞介詞 whom/ which 結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)判斷根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)判斷根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配來(lái)判根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配來(lái)判斷onatofbe proud of ; turn to sb. for help4. （名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)）（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)）of