新世紀(jì)商務(wù)英語綜合教程2 Unit4

1、ActivationActivationFeatures of different sales channelsWhy do so many people move to the cities? Theme of the UnitActivationActivationUrbanization is defined as the process of an an increasing proportionincreasing proportion of a countrys population living in urban areas.Urban growth means the incr

2、ease in the the increase in the numbernumber, but not necessarily the proportion, of urban dwellers in a country.What is urbanization? How do you understand What is urbanization? How do you understand the process of urban growth? the process of urban growth? ActivationActivationNatural growth of urb

3、an population;Rural-urban migrationHow does urbanization take place?How does urbanization take place?Horizontal urban sprawlVertical buildings increase in heightHow does the urban grow and expand?How does the urban grow and expand?ActivationActivationCan you give reasons why so many people choose to

4、 Can you give reasons why so many people choose to move to the cities?move to the cities?CountryCountryCityCityLess employment opportunityPoor education opportunityLand scarcityMore entertainmentHigher incomeActivationActivationCan you give some features of different sales channels?Can you give some

5、 features of different sales channels?MethodMethodFeaturesFeaturesDepartment storeSupermarketE-commerceBoutiqueConvenience storeWholesale marketFlea marketDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWatch and ThinkWatch and ThinkA.A. Suppose you are the manager of a

6、 small shop, by which side there will open a supermarket. It would be a huge challenge for such a small shop to compete with the supermarket in the next few years. In order to survive, you and your colleagues will have to work out a feasible plan. What will you possibly do to deal with the situation

7、?B. B. Now watch the segment of the movie Youve Got Mail and answer the following questions.1. What problem is the small bookshop facing now?2. What strategies have been made to solve the problem? Do you think they really work?3. How do you think of the real source of such problem in the modern busi

8、ness world?Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundDo you think small firms are likely to survive in face of large chain shops in the long term? State your opinion.TEXT ITEXT IYesYesPeople prefer the personal service in small firms.NoNoSmall firms are not competitive enough

9、.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundWhat do you think are the qualities that a successful firm must have?TEXT ITEXT Iconvenience, competitive price, good serviceDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT I What do you know about urban

10、regeneration? About the author Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau? What do you know about “chain-store”? What is an all-party parliamentary group?6Sainsburys Greenwich Peninsula food storeAbout the authorAbout the authorGareth Potts is director of research and policy at the British Urban Regeneration Asso

11、ciation (BURA). TEXT ITEXT IBURA identifies and promotes best practice in regeneration, and advocates an integrated approach to the social, economic and environmental issues involved. It facilitates the exchange of ideas, experience and solutions within regeneration.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingW

12、arm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundWhat do you know about urbanWhat do you know about urban regeneration regeneration? ?forming again, especially with improvements or removal of defects; renewing and reconstitutingTEXT ITEXT ISyn. reformation Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBac

13、kgroundUrban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental condition of an area. (Jon Ladd, chief executive, BURA) For example,

14、the attempt to reinvigorate a run-down urban area, such as the inner city, can be seen as an effort made in urban regeneration.Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?a major Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticismheavily influenced the French RevolutionTEXT ITEXT IMajor works:mil

15、e: or, On Education愛彌兒Confessions懺悔錄Discourse on the Origin of Inequality論人與人之間不平等的起因和基礎(chǔ)On the Social Contract 社會(huì)契約論Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWhat do you know about “chain-store”?What do you know about “chain-store”?retail outlets that share a bran

16、d and central management, and usually have standardized business methods and practicesCan you name some of them in your city?Can you name some of them in your city?Da Ming Opticians, Carrefour, Fornet Laundry, Holliland, Dazhong Electronics, Kodak Printing Shop, Bridgestone TireDetailed ReadingDetai

17、led ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundWhat is an all-party parliamentary group (APPG)?What is an all-party parliamentary group (APPG)?TEXT ITEXT IAn APPG is a grouping that is composed of politicians from all political parties, e.g. a grouping in the UK parliament including members of both ho

18、uses. APPGs meet together, relatively informally, to discuss a particular issue of concern. APPGs are either country based, or subject based. Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWhat do you know about “Sainsburys Greenwich What do you know about “Sainsburys

19、Greenwich Peninsula food store”?Peninsula food store”?opened to public on September 14th, 1999the first low-energy supermarket in the worlduse natural ventilation, daylighting, night cooling, and energy recyclingDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IShop TalkS

20、hop Talk The big supermarkets are winning the battle of the high street, and are seen as the bad guys for doing so. But could they be the key to successful regeneration? Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the 18th century philosopher, wrote that man is born free and is everywhere in chains. The modern variation

21、 reads: Man is born free and is everywhere in chain stores, and perfectly sums up the negative light in which supermarkets are seen by the community, environmental and small is beautiful camps.Gareth PottsDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundSupermarket growth has certai

22、nly occurred alongside a spectacular decline in independent shops. A report on small shops by an all-party parliamentary group has noted that, by 2015, independent convenience stores and grocers are unlikely to survive. Such closures can mean some people, particularly poor and older people, are with

23、out accessible shops.But are supermarkets and their customers to blame?Some small firm closures will presumably be due to poor management, crime against business and local area decline. Then there are the business rates, which favour the supermarkets over small shops. And while supermarkets have bee

24、n accused by the Competition Commission of loss-leading and squeezing suppliers, such behaviour is bullish rather than illegal; the product ofTEXT ITEXT IDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iintense competition between supermarkets that would still exist if t

25、hese particular practices ceased. The key to delivering both low prices and high quality as well as thriving and sustainable communities is to ensure that retail activity is present in all communities of any size that want it, and for it to be present in sufficient numbers for there to be a degree o

26、f competition. This can be achieved by a combination of assisting existing firms in areas without supermarkets and by local firms sharing training, security, marketing and other costs. In poor areas, environmental improvements and security measures can help level the playing field with wealthier are

27、as, while avoiding direct subsidy to firms.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT I In areas where there are no businesses and local retail is wanted, efforts might be made to encourage new community-based retailers to set up to meet local needs. Residents and b

28、usinesses in Ibstock, Leicestershire, for example, have set up a store that doubles as a community hub. Another tack is to encourage supermarkets (even the convenience store variety) into such areas. Techniques are emerging to identify areas that should be able to sustain a certain type and size of

29、store. A Business in the Community project, underserved markets, has led the way here (the first outcome being a Tesco store in Oldham). In Leeds, Tescos involvement in the Seacroft Partnership job guarantee programme has had some excellent results in training and employing local residents for its s

30、tore a model it has rolled out more widely.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT I But perhaps community purchasing power is too weak to even sustain any kind of store. In this case the need is instead for concerted regeneration efforts such as mixed-income hou

31、sing, enterprise development and efforts to keep money circulating locally. Some local shops can also co-exist with, and benefit from, supermarkets which, after all, have a vested interest in a healthy local economy. Last year, Asdas store in Huntly, Aberdeen, launched a scheme to assist local retai

32、lers that included featuring local produce, handing out maps to shops and giving advice on merchandising, window displays and IT. The company has also led the way on hosting farmers markets. Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackground And now some developers, such as Modus, ar

33、e starting to talk of affordable retail, based on the affordable housing model but without statutory requirements, on the back of supermarket developments. This would be managed space for business in or near the development. Concern with shop closures is not just about a desire for local retail the

34、anti-supermarket lobby stresses that closures can also erode local community spirit. But if such spirit is so great, why werent shops that closed valued more by locals prior to closure? In the poorest areas, it may not be that people dont value having a local shop, but rather that they simply cannot

35、 afford to ignore the lower prices available through a short bus ride to a supermarket. In wealthy areas they may only miss the shop when it is gone.TEXT ITEXT IDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackground So can the benefits offered by the big-is-beautiful approach ever co-exi

36、st with the small-is-beautiful community feel of an independent local shop? One option would be to marry the supermarkets buying power with community ownership of supermarkets and the premises in which they are located. Such regeneration stores would see interested residents undergoing an intensive

37、period working alongside supermarket trainers the end point being an organised and skilled group of residents in a community enterprise ready to assume management. There could even be a share in the supermarket for all local households. For the supermarkets this might, for example, lead to increased

38、 productivity plus reduced theft from their stores. For the community there should be social dividends of real community cohesion and active citizenship.TEXT ITEXT IDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT I There are also environmental concerns around shop closur

39、es: shopping parades and high street vacancies can convey a sense of decay. This is compounded by the fact that supermarkets are often architecturally unimaginative and can lack the intimacy of the neighbourhood store. Against this, some supermarkets deserve praise for new developments that are in t

40、he vanguard of energy efficient and architecturally interesting design. Sainsburys Greenwich Peninsula foodstore is one example. And standard frontages may be seen less in future Tesco is promising bespoke shop fronts for new Express convenience stores and to step up its efforts to consult communiti

41、es about new outlets. Regeneration stores local involvement means local builders and even local building materials could be key aspects.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT I Too often the debates between supermarkets and their detractors have seemed like batt

42、le lines. The need now is for communication lines to open. The anti-supermarket lobby needs to acknowledge the progress being made by the supermarkets and supermarkets, in turn, can try to experiment with stores that are deeply embedded, socially and environmentally, in the communities in which they

43、 are located.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IThe modern variation reads: Man is born free and is everywhere in chain stores, and perfectly sums up the negative light in which supermarkets are seen by the community, environmental and small is beautiful ca

44、mps.How is the sentence different from Rousseaus line?The varied sentence makes use of different meanings of chain shackles that restrain mans freedom and a number of stores connected by brand and management. While Rousseaus sentence describes mans ignorance of their state of slavery, the modern sen

45、tence describes mans addiction to chain stores. How do you understand negative light?peoples negative attitude towards supermarketsDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ICan you paraphrase the sentence?The modified sentence in modern times describes perfectly t

46、he negative attitude towards supermarkets held by the public, environmentalists and those who advocate small is beautiful.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IAnd while supermarkets have been accused by the Competition Commission of loss-leading and squeezing

47、 suppliers, such behaviour is bullish rather than illegal.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundCan you paraphrase the sentence?The Competition Commission accused supermarkets of adopting low pricing to gain competitive edge and minimizing profits of suppliers, but these

48、strategies are boosting their own profit and are not illegal competition means.TEXT ITEXT IThe key to delivering both low prices and high quality as well as thriving and sustainable communities is to ensure that retail activity is present in all communities of any size that want it, and for it to be

49、 present in sufficient numbers for there to be a degree of competition.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundCan you paraphrase the sentence?In order to make sure goods are of high quality and are sold at low prices, and in order to maintain a well-developed and sustainab

50、le community, the important element is to provide retail services to all the communities in need, whether large or small. To realize this, a sufficient number of retail shops should be open so that there is some competition.TEXT ITEXT IIn poor areas, environmental improvements and security measures

51、can help level the playing field with wealthier areas, while avoiding direct subsidy to firms.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundCan you paraphrase the sentence?In poor areas, there are measures to improve their environment and security so that they are more or less th

52、e same as the wealthier areas to attract customers. However, the shops do not receive any fund to aid their competition with those in wealthier neighbourhoods.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IIn the poorest areas, it may not be that people dont value havi

53、ng a local shop, but rather that they simply cannot afford to ignore the lower prices available through a short bus ride to a supermarket.Can you paraphrase the sentence?In the poorest areas, people prefer supermarket to local shop not because they dont value having a local shop, but because their f

54、inancial situation makes them choose the lower prices available through a short bus ride to a supermarket.Pay attention to the pattern:it may not be that, but rather thatDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ITranslate the following sentence.It may not be that

55、the students who nod off at their desks are lazy, but rather that their parents have failed to enforce bedtime.上課打瞌睡的學(xué)生可能不是偷懶，而是家長沒能執(zhí)行作息時(shí)間。Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ITesco is promising bespoke shop fronts for new Express convenience stores and to st

56、ep up its efforts to consult communities about new outlets.Can you paraphrase the sentence?Tesco is promising bespoke shop fronts for new Express convenience stores and to take more efforts to consult communities about new outlets.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEX

57、T ITEXT Ilight: n.the aspect in which a thing appears or is regardedTry to look at the situation in a more cheerful light.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Icamp: n.a group of people favoring the same ideals, doctrines, etc.Most American voters are divided

58、into two camps, Republicans and Democrats.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ispectacular: a.impressive, grand, or dramatic; usually marked or greata spectacular increase in spending during the Golden WeekThe iPhone and iPod Touch offer some amazing, spectac

59、ular games.Can you give more words that start with spec-?spectator, spectaclesCan you give some words that end with -spect?inspect, prospectDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iaccessible: a.easy to approach, reach or useAll of our bus routes are fully access

60、ible to customers with disabilities.accessible money易得到的金錢an accessible manager易于相處的經(jīng)理be accessible to flattery愛聽奉承話access: n.to have/gain/give/allow access to sth/sbAccess to the papers is restricted to senior management.TEXT ITEXT IBank customers can access their checking accounts instantly throug