電大英語2課程介紹及考試須知ppt課件

1、ENGLISH電大英語電大英語2 2）課程介紹及考試須知中央廣播電視大學(xué)一、詞匯： 掌 握 的 常 用詞匯 應(yīng)達 1500 個。二、語法：（一七種時態(tài) * 現(xiàn)在完成時； * 現(xiàn)在完成進行時； *將來進行時；*過去進行時； *過去將來時； *過去完成時； *將來完成時（二七種被動語態(tài)形式（二七種被動語態(tài)形式 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)； 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；一般過去時的被動語態(tài)； 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)； 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)； 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)； 動詞不定式的被動式 (三狀語從句方式、退三狀語從句方式、退讓、結(jié)果、目的、比較）讓、結(jié)果

2、、目的、比較） (四名詞性從句包括主四名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）句和同位語從句） (五動詞不定式用法小結(jié)五動詞不定式用法小結(jié)(六間接引語六間接引語(七冠詞的用法七冠詞的用法(八可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞八可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞三、考試：I 聽力部分15分）(一)聽9個簡短對話（只放一遍）: 1、What are they talking about? 2、Whats the relationship between the two speakers? 3、Where does the conversation most probably take

3、place? 4、Whats the telephone number? 5、In which year was the man born? (二)聽一段對話A和一篇短文B），每段內(nèi)容各放兩遍，但問題只放一遍，找出最佳答案共6分）II、筆試部分共85分） （三選擇正確答案10分， 詞與詞組）: 1、I didnt ask him, but he _ to help with my homework. A. gave B. offered C. paid D. supplied 2、Lao Wang will my duties a week after I leave. A.take over

4、 B. take outC. take place D. take off (四)找出錯誤項10分，語法) 1、Great changes took place in A B in the past three years. C D 2、This table is made from A B C wood . D (五閱讀理解兩篇短文，各300詞，30分） （六閱讀兩段短文，然后從所給的12個詞AL分別選出8個A段或7個B段分別填入短文的空白處15分） （七翻譯取自教材）：A、英譯漢4句，8分）B、漢譯英4句，12分） Unit 1Unit 1語法：現(xiàn)代完成時語法：現(xiàn)代完成時 一、一、 概念；

5、概念； 1 1、表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在、表示從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀況。的動作或狀況。 2、表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。 3、表示經(jīng)驗或經(jīng)歷。 二、構(gòu)成： have / has + 過去分詞 英語中的動詞verb有以下五種形式；即動詞原形、單數(shù)第三人稱形式、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞。 如： 1、live, lives, lived, living, lived 2、make, makes, made, making, made (不規(guī)則的)（見學(xué)生手冊：P2及P118123） 三、用法舉例： 1、Xiao Wangs parents have lived in for 30 yea

6、rs. 2、He has been in the army for three years. 3、I have lost my key. (I cant open the door；I cant enter my room.) 4、Have you had your lunch ? (Are you hungry now ?)Yes, I have (had my lunch). (Im not hungry now.) 5、She has not /never been to Tibet. Note: (一一)現(xiàn)在完成時是現(xiàn)在完成時是現(xiàn)在時的范疇，不是屬現(xiàn)在時的范疇，不是屬于過去時的范疇。因

7、此于過去時的范疇。因此不能與表示一般過去時不能與表示一般過去時的時間狀語的時間狀語yesterday, three days ago, in 2019）連用。）連用。 (二)有些動詞屬于“瞬間動詞”(或稱“點動詞”)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(die, enjoy) 1、Xiao Wangs father has died for ten years . X 2、Xiao Li has joined the army X for ten years. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： (一一)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生

8、的結(jié)果或影響，或影響，或者表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而一般過去時則僅表示動作發(fā)生在過去，不強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。例如： 1、I have lost my pen. I l o s t m y p e n yesterday. 2、 We have planted 200 trees around our university. We planted these trees last year. （二一般過去時常與 yesterday, last year, three weeks ago, in 1990等表示過去時間的狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的范疇，不能與過去時間狀語連用，但可

9、與since(自.以來)，for長達）以及表示不確定的時間副詞 already, n e v e r , e v e r , y e t , notyet等連用，也可以與包括說話時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如：now, today, this week, these days等連用。 1、Li Ping has been an engineer since 1990. 2、 I have alr eady bought a new bike.3、We have been very busy these days. 4、We were very busy yesterday evening.5、He

10、 has not finished his homework yet. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 二.構(gòu)成：have/has + been + 三.舉例： 1、It has been raining for three hours.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 2、I have been reading Lu Xuns works this week. 3 、 W e h a v e b e e n l o o k i n g f o r y o u anywhere. Where have you been?否定式：否定式：I have not been reading .疑問式：疑問式：Have you bee

11、n reading? .與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別： 二者均可以表示剛結(jié)束的二者均可以表示剛結(jié)束的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強動作，但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作在不久前持續(xù)進行的調(diào)動作在不久前持續(xù)進行的情景；而現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)情景；而現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。動作的結(jié)果。 Now we have cleaned the room, and we can move the things in .(強調(diào)掃完了的結(jié)果) You look tired.What have you been doing?你干什么來著？ I have been playing football. John has p

12、ainted the door . (已漆完，強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果) John has been painting the door. (還在漆) Ive written a letter . (已寫完) Ive been writing a letter . (還在寫)ve been writing Note:在與表示一段時間的狀語連用時，兩種時態(tài)可以互換使用，但在口語中傾向于用現(xiàn)在完成進行時： Ive been singing all afternoon. (Ive sung.)當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者動作的對象時，用被動語態(tài)。 主動語態(tài)：The workers in this factory

13、 make different kinds of machines. 被動語態(tài)：Different kinds of machines are made by the workers in this factory.be + 過去分過去分詞詞二、構(gòu)成：二、構(gòu)成：was/wereis/are beingwill be (be going to be)have/has beenareisam 三、用法舉例： （一當(dāng)強調(diào)動作的承受者動作的對象時； （二當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不易說出、不宜說出或不必說出時； 1、These books are written for children. 2、This mach

14、ine was made in 1990.(這臺機器是1990年制造的） 3、The question is being discussed. 4、A hospital will be built here next year. (is going to be built) 5、Lu Xuns works have been translated into many languages.(魯迅的著作已譯成多種語言) 6、Football is played all over the world . (全世界到處都踢足球) 7、Many students are reading this boo

15、k. T h i s b o o k i s being read by many students. 8 、否定式：The cars are not made in Japan. 9、疑問式：Are the cars made in Japan?10、帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： （can , may , must , should/ought to）+ be +情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 （1These exercises can (may , must) be done by him . 這些練習(xí)能可以，必需由他來做。 （2This should/ought to/be done at once.

16、這事應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻就辦這事應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻就辦 (二)構(gòu)成：will/shall + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞（三用法舉例：1.This time tomorrow Ill be flying to Xian.2 2、Ill be waiting for Ill be waiting for youyou in my office tomorrow. in my office tomorrow.3 3、 I wont be waiting I wont be waiting for for you in my office you in my office tomorrow.tomorrow.二、將來完成時：二、

17、將來完成時：（一概念：（一概念： 表示將來某一時刻或某表示將來某一時刻或某一段時間即將完成的動作。一段時間即將完成的動作。（二構(gòu)成：（二構(gòu)成：will + have + will + have + 過去分詞過去分詞（三用法舉例：（三用法舉例：1 1、Ill have retired by Ill have retired by thethe year 2019. year 2019.2 2、Well have finished Well have finished the the work before next Friday.work before next Friday.3 3、When

18、you come When you come back from Japan, back from Japan, your daughter will your daughter will have graduated from have graduated from a middle school.a middle school.二、構(gòu)成：二、構(gòu)成：was / were + was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞三、用法舉例：三、用法舉例：1 1、I was watching TV at I was watching TV at seven yesterday evening.seven

19、 yesterday evening. 2、What were you doing at 7 yesterday evening? Unit 9 I、過去將來時： 表示對于過去某一時間而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Would / Should + 動詞原形1 1、Yesterday he told Yesterday he told me he would leave for me he would leave for Shanghai.Shanghai.2 2、 They wanted to They wanted to know when you would know when you

20、would finish the article.finish the article.IIII、過去完成時：、過去完成時： 表示在過去某一時間或動表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡言之，過去完成時所表示的時言之，過去完成時所表示的時間就是間就是“過去的過去過去的過去”had + had + 過去分詞過去分詞 Unit 10、11間接引語與間接疑問句間接引語與間接疑問句 直接引語變成間接引語時要直接引語變成間接引語時要注意下列各種變化注意下列各種變化:一、直接引語是陳述句：一、直接引語是陳述句：（一時態(tài)的變化：（一時態(tài)的變化： 主句中的謂語動詞是過主句中

21、的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，變成間接引語須作去時態(tài)，變成間接引語須作下列變化：下列變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時但直接引語如果是一般真理，一般現(xiàn)在時則不變）；現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時；現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時；一般過去時 過去完成時；過去完成時 過去完成時；一般將來時 過去將來時（二人稱的變化：（二人稱的變化： 要根據(jù)句子意思改變?nèi)艘鶕?jù)句子意思改變?nèi)朔Q稱 ，如：，如： I HeI He、She;She; We They We They 等等。等等。（三指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化： this that; these those; now then; today that day yesterd

22、ay the day before; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month , year); ago before; here there(四) 某些動詞也要變化:如：said to told用法舉例： 1、 He said：“I am busy.” He said that he was busy.2、Mary said：“I have read up to page 25.” Mary said that she had read up to page 25.3 3、 She said :“W

23、ell She said :“Well help in the kitchen help in the kitchen tomorrow. tomorrow. She said that they She said that they w o u l d h e l p i n t h e w o u l d h e l p i n t h e kitchen the next day.kitchen the next day.4 4、The teacher said to The teacher said to the pupils: “The earth the pupils: “The

24、earth goes around the sun.”goes around the sun.” The teacher told The teacher told the pupils that the the pupils that the earth goes around the earth goes around the sun .sun .二、直接引語是疑問句：二、直接引語是疑問句：（一一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引（一一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時須由語時須由whetherwhether或或ifif引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，動動詞多用詞多用askask等。等。 1、Tom asked me,“Do you s

25、tudy English?” Tom asked me whether(if) I studied English.(用陳述句的語序)2 2、He said.“Are you a He said.“Are you a TVU student thr ee TVU student thr ee years ago, Mary?”years ago, Mary?” H e a s k e d M a r y H e a s k e d M a r y whether (if) she was a whether (if) she was a TVU student thr ee TVU stude

26、nt thr ee years before.years before.(二)特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時須由疑問詞引導(dǎo)用陳述句的語序） 1 、“Where did you find your pen?” Li Ming asked me. Li Ming asked me where I had found my pen.2 2、 Mary asked ,“When Mary asked ,“When did you get up did you get up yesterdayyesterday，Tom?” Tom?” Mary asked Tom Mary asked Tom when he

27、 had got up when he had got up the day before.the day before.（三直接引語是祈使句，（三直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時須將動詞變?yōu)殚g接引語時須將動詞原形變?yōu)閯釉~不定式，并原形變?yōu)閯釉~不定式，并在動詞不定式之前用在動詞不定式之前用tell, tell, ask, order, command ask, order, command 等等及物動詞加賓語。及物動詞加賓語。 1 1、He said,“Please sit He said,“Please sit down.” down.” He asked us to sit He aske

28、d us to sit down.down.2 2、 He said,“Dont talk !” He said,“Dont talk !” He told us not He told us not to talk.to talk. Unit 13、14 動詞不定式動詞不定式infinitive） 一、一、 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： 不帶不帶to的不定式即動詞原的不定式即動詞原形和帶形和帶to的不定式的不定式,是一種是一種非謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。它具有動沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。它具有動詞的特征，可以帶表語、賓語、詞的特征，可以帶表語、賓語、狀語等。狀語等。二、用法二、用法: : 1 1、

29、To learn English well is To learn English well is our duty (our duty (責(zé)任責(zé)任) It is our ) It is our duty to learn English duty to learn English well.(well.(主語主語) ) 2 2 、 T h e i r w o r k i s t o T h e i r w o r k i s t o produce more machines. (produce more machines. (表語表語) )3 3、He wants to study He

30、wants to study English. (English. (賓語賓語) )4 4、I have something to I have something to do this afternoon (do this afternoon (今天下今天下午我有事要做午我有事要做) )（定語）（定語） 常和它修飾的詞在意義上有動賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式是vi,后面要加必要的介詞： Give me a piece of paper to write on . (給我一張在上面寫字的紙) He is a good comrade to work with .(他是一位很好共事的同事)5、Ear

31、ly in 1938 he went to Yenan to study. (38年初，他到延安去學(xué)習(xí)，目的狀語) 6 6、His brother always His brother always gets up early so as to/in gets up early so as to/in order to catch the first order to catch the first bus.(bus.(以便趕上第一班車。目以便趕上第一班車。目的狀語的狀語) )7 7、 She lived to be ninety.She lived to be ninety. ( (她活到九

32、十歲。結(jié)果狀語她活到九十歲。結(jié)果狀語) )8 8、 He was too excited He was too excited to sleep.to sleep.TooTooto to 太太（以致不（以致不能能 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語 （他當(dāng)時太激動了，以致不（他當(dāng)時太激動了，以致不能入睡。）能入睡。） 9 9、This room is big This room is big e n o u g h t o h o l d a e n o u g h t o h o l d a hundred people .hundred people . ( (大的足以容納一百人。大的足以容納一百人。 結(jié)結(jié)

33、果狀語果狀語) )1010、 I saw him come I saw him come here this morning.here this morning. ( (今天早晨我看見他到這兒來今天早晨我看見他到這兒來了。了。 作賓語補語作賓語補語) )（在（在see, hear, feel, make see, hear, feel, make ( (使使) )、have (have (使使) )、let (let (讓讓) )等動詞后面要求不帶等動詞后面要求不帶toto的不的不定式作賓補）定式作賓補）1111、He was seen to He was seen to come here

34、this e here this morning. ( (今天早晨有人看見他來這里今天早晨有人看見他來這里了。作主語補語。了。作主語補語。) )1212、 He asked me not to He asked me not to do so .do so .( (他要求我別那么做。不定式的他要求我別那么做。不定式的否定式否定式) )1313、 She asked to be She asked to be sent to the countryside.sent to the countryside.( (不定式的被動式不定式的被動式) )1414、Who will show Who wil

35、l show John how to use it . John how to use it . ( (疑問詞疑問詞 + + 不定式，作賓語不定式，作賓語) )1515、 When to start has When to start has not been decided. (not been decided. (作主作主語語) )1616、 帶邏輯主語的不定式帶邏輯主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：“ for + for + 名詞或代詞）名詞或代詞）+ + 不定式不定式”1 1、 It is very important It is very important for us to learn E

36、nglish for us to learn English well.(well.(作主語作主語) )2 2、 We think it possible We think it possible for us to learn English for us to learn English well in a few years.(well in a few years.(賓語賓語) )3 3、The question is The question is too difficult for him too difficult for him to answer.(to answer.(作狀

37、語作狀語) ) 4 4、 He opened the He opened the window for the fresh window for the fresh air to come in .(air to come in .(作狀作狀語語) ) 稱為名詞性從句 主語從句、 賓語從句 表語從句、 同位語從句 一、用法：一、用法：（一（一) ) 主語從句在主從句中主語從句在主從句中作主語）作主語）1 1、 That they will come to That they will come to our party is certain .our party is certain .It

38、is certain that they will come to our party.(他們來參加我們的聚會是肯他們來參加我們的聚會是肯定無疑的定無疑的) 2 2、 Who did the work Who did the work is unknown.is unknown.( (這工作是誰干的，大家都不這工作是誰干的，大家都不知道知道) ) 3 3、Where the Where the conference will be held conference will be held has not been decided has not been decided yet.yet. It

39、 has not been It has not been decided yet where the decided yet where the conference will be held. conference will be held. (二)賓語從句： 2、They say (that) he is much better. (他們說他好多了) 3 3、She asked me She asked me which I liked best.which I liked best.4 4、 Im sure (that) Im sure (that) our experiment wi

40、ll our experiment will succeed.(succeed.(我肯定我肯定) ) 5 5、 Do you know when Do you know when we are going to the we are going to the Great Wall?Great Wall?6 6、 I was surprised at I was surprised at what he said.(what he said.(他講的話使他講的話使我吃驚我吃驚) )7 7、 Do you have any Do you have any idea of what you are

41、idea of what you are looking for?looking for? (三三)表語從句：表語從句：1、 That is why she is so happy.(這就是她為什么這樣高興這就是她為什么這樣高興的原因的原因) 2 2、This is what we want .This is what we want . ( (這正是我們所需要的這正是我們所需要的) ) 3 3、 T he question is T he question is whether we whether we can finish our work by can finish our work

42、by tomorrow evening. tomorrow evening. ( (四四) )同位語從句：同位語從句：1 1、Here comes the news Here comes the news t h a t s o m e f a m o u s t h a t s o m e f a m o u s professors will come to professors will come to our university.(our university.(消息傳來消息傳來說，說，) ) 2 2、 All of you know All of you know the fact

43、 (truth) that the fact (truth) that paper was first made paper was first made in China.in China. 由連詞由連詞as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引導(dǎo)，等引導(dǎo)， 一般置于主語之后。一般置于主語之后。 1、We should work and study as Lei Feng did.2 2、 This fish isnt This fish isnt cooked as I like it.cooked as I like i

44、t.3 3、I feel as if/as I feel as if/as though though Im getting worse Im getting worse every day.every day. 4、I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to.二讓步狀語從句：二讓步狀語從句：由連詞由連詞though, although, even if, even though 等引導(dǎo)，可置等引導(dǎo)，可置于主句之前或后。于主句之前或后。1、Though he has lived in London for years, he writes i

45、n German.2 2、Although he is old, Although he is old, he studies English he studies English very hard.very hard.3 3、I have to go to the I have to go to the railway station to railway station to meet them even if it meet them even if it rains.rains.三、結(jié)果狀語從句：三、結(jié)果狀語從句：由連詞由連詞 sothat(如此如此以以致致)；so that, su

46、ch that, such (a/an)that 等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。1、It is so hot that I must take off some clothes.2 2、 We arrived early , We arrived early , so that we got good so that we got good seats.seats.3 3 、 H e i s s u c h a H e i s s u c h a marvelous joker that marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.you cant help laughing. 4 .They are s