應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語綜合教程四 unit 1

1、L/O/G/O上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語系列教材應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語系列教材Book 4Application-oriented College English Course2上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities Unit OneTable of Contents Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext3上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 StarterText: Divine intervention Working with words

2、and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext4上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 HighlightsS: Escape from a fire L: HeatstrokeR: Divine interventionW: The basic structure of an essayInternet

3、work: Searching for information about visa-free travel Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext5上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext1. StarterA. A room is on fire. There seems to be no way to put the fire out for the time being. Look at the following pictures for emergency escape, discuss, and decide what

4、is the best way to escape. For Reference AnswerClick Here61. StarterBackNext上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 Dont jump out of the windows high above the ground, because the hard ground will hurt or even kill you. Dont force your way out of the room through the iron door, since it is hot and closed. The best way t

5、o escape from the fire is to hide in the lavatory with a wet towel covering your nose so that you wont be choked by the smoke. Try to call 119 and other people as quickly as possible for help, using the cell phone or fixed telephone. Dont panic, and act rationally.7B. Listen to a passage and answer

6、the following questions.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. StarterBackNextMind Mapheatstroke / n. 中暑prolonged / a. 持續(xù)時(shí)間久的cessation / n. 停止hyperventilation / n. 過度換氣neurological / a. 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的；神經(jīng)（?。W(xué)的seizure /()/ n. 休克coma / n. 昏迷hallucinate / vi. 產(chǎn)生幻覺replenish / vt. 補(bǔ)充 8上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. StarterBackNext1. How do

7、es heatstroke happen? 2. What are the common symptoms of heatstroke? 3. What is the focus of treatment for heatstroke? Heatstroke can occur if the body is exposed to prolonged high temperatures.The most common symptoms are high body temperature, cessation of sweating, hyperventilation, rapid heart r

8、ate and pulse, and some neurological symptoms.The main focus is to lower the body temperature.9 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. StarterHow Does Heatstroke Occur?Heatstroke can occur if the body is exposed to prolonged high temperatures. In such a situation, the body attempts to cool itself by increasing the b

9、lood flow to the skin, leaving less blood for the brain, muscles, and other organs. Then muscles feel weaker and mental capacity is affected. If not properly managed, the condition can be deadly.Most Common SymptomsHigh body temperature: A body temperature of 104 (40) or higher is the main sign of h

10、eatstroke.Cessation of sweating: This is often one of the first signs that your body temperature is too high.BackNextTo be continued10 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. StarterHyperventilation: Your breathing may become too rapid and prolonged.Rapid heart rate and pulse: While your blood pressure usually remain

11、s normal, your pulse may increase to around 130 beats a minute, above the normal level for adults (60 to 100 beats a minute).Neurological symptoms: You may have seizures, lose consciousness, slip into a coma, hallucinate, or have difficulty speaking or understanding what others are saying.TreatmentT

12、he main focus of treatment is to lower the body temperature. Different techniques can be used. If you think you have the early symptoms of heatstroke, first try to cool yourself and replenish your water and salt levels. If your condition has progressed, seek immediate medical attention. BackNext11 上

13、海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextText Organization12 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextText Organization13 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextText Organization142. Text: Divine Intervention1 Dr. Rob Boll was craving a hot turkey dinner and a slice of apple pie. After a hectic week treating patients with sore throats and

14、ear infections at his family practice, the 52-year-old physician was ready for a night of home cooking and fellowship at his churchs annual fund-raising dinner.Translation上帝顯靈 羅布博爾醫(yī)生正渴望吃上一頓熱乎乎的火雞晚餐和蘋果餡餅。這位52歲的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在他的家庭診所忙碌了整整一個(gè)星期，治療那些患有咽喉疼痛或耳朵感染的病人，這時(shí)正準(zhǔn)備在他所屬教會(huì)的年度籌款晚宴上享受一些家常烹飪，并和教友相聚。 divine: a. 神（上帝

15、）的，天賜的e.g. He granted us from his divine love and is asking from us love for his divine presence. 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext intervention: n. C, U 干預(yù)，干涉，介入e.g. His intervention brought their quarrel to a climax. 152. Text: Divine Intervention2 Stepping inside the crowded gym at St. Johns United Chu

16、rch of Christ, Boll and his family found a long line of people waiting to be seated. He wasnt surprised. The turkey feast had become a popular event in Mokena, Illinois, attended by hundreds from the surrounding Chicago suburbs. Many werent even members of the congregation. Theyd simply heard about

17、the good food and were willing to pay $10 to heap their plates and help pay for the churchs new community center. Boll and his wife, Dana, and their son, Kyle, 14, went every year.Translation2 博爾和家人走進(jìn)擁擠的圣約翰聯(lián)合基督教會(huì)體育館，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人排著長隊(duì)等座。對(duì)此他已司空見慣。伊利諾伊州莫克那鎮(zhèn)的火雞宴已成為深受歡迎的活動(dòng)，成百上千的人從芝加哥周圍的郊區(qū)趕來參加這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。許多人甚至不是這個(gè)教會(huì)的會(huì)員，

18、他們只是聽說這里有美食，愿意花上10美元飽餐一頓，同時(shí)為教會(huì)的新活動(dòng)中心做點(diǎn)貢獻(xiàn)。博爾和妻子達(dá)娜還有他們14歲的兒子凱爾每年都來。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextQuestions about Paras. 1-2 feast: n. C 宴會(huì)，盛宴e.g. The king held a feast for us. vi. 盡情享用e.g. We feasted on chicken and roast potatoes. 16 1. What was Dr. Rob Bolls profession? He was a physician at a family p

19、ractice. 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext2. Why did so many non-congregation people attend the churchs annual fund-raising dinner? Because they could have a turkey feast at the dinner and help the church in some way.2. Text: Divine Intervention173 After sitting down, Boll had barely placed his napkin in

20、his lap when he heard a commotion on the other side of the room. “Help!” a woman shouted. “Does anybody know how to do the Heimlich?”4 Jumping up from the table, the doctor could see a white-haired woman slumped over in her chair. “Im a doctor. Whats going on?” Boll said to the group gathered around

21、 76-year-old Pat Rohrer.Translation3 博爾剛坐下，還沒來得及把餐巾在膝蓋上放好，就聽到房間另一頭傳來了喧鬧聲?！翱鞄蛶兔?！”一個(gè)女人大叫著?！坝腥酥涝趺醋龊Ｄ防思本葐幔俊? 博爾醫(yī)生一躍而起，看到一個(gè)銀發(fā)老太太伏在椅子上?！拔沂轻t(yī)生，出什么事了？”博爾對(duì)圍在76歲的帕特羅勒身邊的人群問道。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Divine Intervention18 5 “My mother-in-law choked on a piece of turkey,” answered a frantic Colleen

22、 Rohrer. “Weve tried the Heimlich maneuver, but its not working.” Boll reached around Pats abdomen and pulled sharply upward with his fists. Nothing happened. Moving quickly, he lifted Pat up and onto the floor to get her into a better position. Twice again he tried the Heimlich, but she still didnt

23、 respond. Translation5 “我婆婆被一塊火雞卡住了?！苯辜钡目屏樟_勒答道，“我們已經(jīng)試過海姆利克急救了，但沒有效果。”博爾從后環(huán)抱住帕特，將手放在她的腹部，用拳頭使勁往上推，但沒有任何動(dòng)靜。他迅速把帕特扶起來，放到地上，讓她的姿勢更有利于急救。他又用海姆利克急救試了兩次，但仍不見效。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNextQuestion about Para. 5 frantic: a. 1) （因焦慮、恐懼等而）發(fā)瘋似的，情緒失控的e.g. Do not drive him frantic by worrying him with endless que

24、stions. 2) 緊張忙亂的，匆忙的e.g. He was in a frantic rush to get his work done.2. Text: Divine Intervention19 3. What is the Heimlich maneuver? It is an emergency treatment for suffocation when a persons airway becomes blocked by a piece of food or other object. 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Divine In

25、tervention206 This cant be happening, Boll thought. He worried he wouldnt be able to help her. Looking up, he recognized Steve Hoblin, a nurse from the hospital near his office. “Steve, stick your fingers down her throat and see if you can sweep anything out,” he said. Hoblin reached in and pulled o

26、ut a small piece of turkey. Translation6 這太不可思議了，博爾心想。他開始擔(dān)心自己救不了她。抬起頭，他認(rèn)出了史蒂夫霍布林，他辦公室附近一家醫(yī)院的護(hù)士?！笆返俜?，你把手指伸進(jìn)她的喉嚨，看看能否掏出什么，”他吩咐道。霍布林將手指伸進(jìn)去，掏出了一小塊火雞。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Here “cant be happening” is used as a judgment for the on-going event. The following examples show how the structure of “modal

27、 verb + be + present participle” expresses a judgment for an on-going event or action. e.g. John is ill; he cant be writing his paper now. Susan has to hand in her paper tomorrow; she must be writing it now. 2. Text: Divine Intervention217 But Pat still wasnt breathing. In fact, she was rapidly turn

28、ing blue. Apparently, some food was still lodged in her throat. Boll k n e w h e n e e d e d t o d o something drastic and fast to get air into her lungs. His only chance was to perform an emergency tracheotomy.Translation7 但是帕特仍然沒有呼吸。事實(shí)上，她的臉色正在迅速變青。顯然她的喉嚨里還卡著食物。博爾知道，要把空氣送入她的肺部，必須采取極端的行動(dòng)，而且要快。唯一可以做的

29、就是進(jìn)行緊急氣管切開手術(shù)。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Blue here just denotes the colour as one can imagine, when someone is choking, the face naturally turns blue. Blue can also mean “sad, depressed; dismal, bleak (沮喪的；令人煩悶的)” .e.g. She felt blue about not being chosen for the team. That was a blue day for me.2

30、. Text: Divine Intervention228 “Call 911! And get me a sharp knife!” he shouted. His wife ran to the kitchen, and Hoblin handed over his pocketknife. 9 Boll had never done the operation before. He flashed back to the only time hed seen one performed: during his residency 20 years earlier. That proce

31、dure had been done in a sterile, controlled environment by expert surgeons. How was a family doctor supposed to accomplish the same thing at a church dinner with a dull pocketknife? Translation8 “打911！給我拿把鋒利的刀過來！”他大聲喊道。他的妻子趕緊跑向廚房，霍布林則把他的小折刀遞了過來。9 博爾以前從未做過這種手術(shù)。他回想起唯一一次看過別人做這種手術(shù)，還是20年前在醫(yī)院實(shí)習(xí)的時(shí)候。那次手術(shù)是由外

32、科專家在無菌并且可控的環(huán)境里進(jìn)行的。而他自己只是一個(gè)家庭醫(yī)生，怎么能在一個(gè)教會(huì)晚宴上用一把鈍鈍的小折刀完成這種手術(shù)呢？ 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext flash back (to sth.): 回想；（電影）閃回，倒敘e.g. Her thoughts immediately flashed back to last night. The story flashed back to his childhood. residency: n. 1) U 住院?？茖?shí)習(xí)期 e.g. After their residency, pharmacists must pass th

33、e license examination given by their state. 2) U 居住，居留e.g. The government confirmed the returning refugees right to residency.2. Text: Divine Intervention2310 He was relieved to see that his wife had found a clean paring knife. Taking a deep breath, Boll carefully cut a small slit in Pats neck. As b

34、lood poured from the wound, he broke into a sweat. But Boll knew it was too late to stop. Two or three precious minutes had already passed. She couldnt survive much longer without oxygen. Boll figured he had about 45 seconds to save her life.Translation10 當(dāng)他看到妻子給他找到了一把干凈的水果刀才放了心。博爾深吸一口氣，小心翼翼地在帕特的頸部切

35、了個(gè)小口子。血一下子從傷口涌出來，他出了一身冷汗。但是博爾明白，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不能停止了。兩三分鐘寶貴的時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了，沒有氧氣，她堅(jiān)持不了多久。博爾推測自己大約只有45秒鐘的時(shí)間來挽救她的生命。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext break into: 突然發(fā)出（或冒出）；闖入 e.g. The audience broke into loud applause. Someone broke into my car and stole my mobile phone. 2. Text: Divine Intervention2411 Oblivious to the crow

36、d breathlessly watching him work, Boll steadied his hands and continued. But the knife wouldnt cut deep enough. Out of nowhere, a man handed Boll a switchblade. It had a tapered point, nice and sharp, with a three-inch blade that locked securely in place. Boll quickly finished the cut. Translation11

37、 周圍的人群屏住呼吸看著他工作，但他絲毫沒有感覺到。博爾穩(wěn)住雙手，繼續(xù)手術(shù)。但是水果刀切得不夠深。這時(shí)，不知哪位男士遞給博爾一把彈簧刀。這把刀刀口尖細(xì)，锃亮鋒利，三英寸的刀片穩(wěn)固地鎖在刀鞘里。博爾很快完成了切割。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning: Boll was unaware that the people were gathered around him and holding their breath as they watched him perform the operation. He did his best not to let his

38、 hands tremble and went on with the operation. The word oblivious is often collocated with “of / to”, meaning “not know about or not notice something that is happening around you”. e.g. He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her. out of nowhere: 不知從哪里冒出來，莫名其妙地出現(xiàn)e.g. His girlfriend appeared

39、 before him out of nowhere. in place: 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；?zhǔn)備好e.g. The glass was held in place by a few pieces of transparent tape. The instruments for the concert were nearly all in place.2. Text: Divine Intervention2512 然后，科琳似乎看出了他的心思，將一根氣管套管遞給了他。她兒子肖恩，即帕特的孫子，患有一種嚴(yán)重的肺病，需要一根管子才能保持呼吸道通暢，但是個(gè)把小時(shí)不用管子問題也不大。 13 每過一秒，帕

40、特的臉色就更青一點(diǎn)。科琳幫助博爾將管子輕輕地推進(jìn)帕特的喉嚨里。時(shí)間一秒一秒地過去，感覺卻像是一分一分地在流逝，但是這兩個(gè)人鎮(zhèn)靜地工作著，配合得天衣無縫就像一個(gè)手術(shù)小組一樣，博爾心想。12 Then, as if she were reading his mind, Colleen handed him a tracheotomy tube. Her son, Shaun Pats grandson has a severe lung condition and needs a tube to keep his airway clear. But he could manage without

41、it for an hour or so. 13 Pat was turning bluer by the second. Colleen helped Boll gently push the tube into Pats trachea. Seconds ticked by like minutes, but the pair worked calmly, with precision just like a surgical team, thought the doctor.Translation 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Meaning: It seeme

42、d as if Colleen were able to guess what the doctor was thinking, so she passed him the tube that he was thinking about at that moment. read someones mind: 看出某人的心思e.g. No one can read a writers mind through his face, but we can see into his heart through his sentences. Note that by is a preposition u

43、sed with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling, or measuring something.e.g. The temperature climbed higher and higher by the second. She sells eggs by the dozen.2. Text: Divine Intervention2614 “Im in,” he said once the tube was finally in place. 15 But the crisis was far from

44、over. Boll needed to resuscitate the unconscious woman. Fortunately, her family never went anywhere without an emergency kit containing a manual resuscitator bag, just in case Shaun had trouble breathing.Translation“進(jìn)去了?！弊詈蠊茏右环藕茫柧驼f道。 但是危機(jī)還遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。博爾必須將這位昏迷的老太太弄醒。慶幸的是，她的家人出門總是帶著急救箱，里面有手動(dòng)蘇醒氣囊，這是以防肖恩出現(xiàn)呼

45、吸困難而準(zhǔn)備的。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Far from is a set expression, meaning “almost the opposite of sth. or what is expected”.e.g. Conditions are still far from ideal. Far from helping with the situation, youve just made it worse.2. Text: Divine Intervention2716 Colleen clicked the bag onto the tube

46、and pumped. Within seconds, Pat Rohrer started breathing and the color returned to her cheeks. 17 As paramedics rushed in and took over, Boll stood up, trembling. He certainly hadnt anticipated anything like this when he left his job as a social worker to go to med school.Translation 16 科琳將氣囊扣到管子上，開

47、始打氣。不一會(huì)兒，帕特羅勒開始呼吸，臉色也恢復(fù)了正常。 17 醫(yī)護(hù)人員趕來接管了剩下的事情，博爾站起來，渾身顫抖。當(dāng)年他辭去社會(huì)工作者工作去上醫(yī)學(xué)院的時(shí)候，自然沒有預(yù)見會(huì)遇到這種事。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Questions about Paras. 8-17 2. Text: Divine Intervention28 4. Who was the main assistant for Dr. Rob Boll in the operation? It was Colleen Rohrer. 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext5. Wha

48、t instruments were used in the operation? A paring knife, a switchblade, a tracheotomy tube, and a resuscitator bag.2. Text: Divine Intervention2918 “Im not terribly religious,” Boll says now, “but I know now that God goes to turkey dinners at churches. To take a doctor who only half knows what hes

49、doing and give him the right tools I dont know how I recalled what I needed to do. To me, theres no explanation but divine intervention.”1 9 M a y b e s o , b u t H o w a r d Stephens, assistant chief of the Mokena Fire Protection District, was quick to point out, “Without Dr. Boll, this lady wouldn

50、t have made it.”Translation18 “我不是一個(gè)狂熱的教徒，”博爾說，“但我現(xiàn)在知道了，上帝會(huì)去參加教會(huì)的火雞晚宴。把一個(gè)不明就里的醫(yī)生帶到這兒，并給他合適的工具我不知道自己是如何想到該怎么做。我無法解釋這一切，只能說是上帝顯靈了?！?9 也許是吧，但莫克那鎮(zhèn)防火區(qū)主任助理霍華德斯蒂芬斯很快指出：“要是沒有博爾醫(yī)生，這位女士是不可能起死回生的?！?上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Questions about Para. 18 2. Text: Divine Intervention30 6. Why did Dr. Rob Boll think

51、 the operation was a case of divine intervention? Because the tools he needed appeared and he succeeded in saving the lady as sort of a surgeon as if by magic.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext2. Text: Divine Intervention3120 Now that her grateful mother-in-law is back at home, with no signs of infection f

52、rom the switchblade surgery, Colleen says, “We are so thankful that in this age of lawsuits, Dr. Boll was willing to put himself on the line. He just stepped up and did what had to be done.”Translation20 科琳的婆婆懷著感激之情回家了，沒有任何因在手術(shù)中使用了折疊刀而感染的跡象?？屏照f：“在這個(gè)容易惹上官司的時(shí)代，博爾醫(yī)生敢于冒這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，挺身而出，實(shí)在是太讓人感激了?！?上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)

53、學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext Questions about Para. 20 Meaning: We are so grateful to Dr. Boll because he was brave enough to try to save my mother-in-laws life, regardless of the risk that he might be held responsible if he failed. on the line: 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)e.g. Ive already put myself on the line for you once, and Im not

54、 going to do it again. step up: 挺身而出，站出來 e.g. At that urgent moment, he stepped up to catch the kid falling down from a tree. She stepped up to receive her prize.2. Text: Divine InterventionNow that or now means “because the thing mentioned is happening or has just happened”.e.g. Now that we know ea

55、ch other a little better, we get along fine. Im going to relax, now the school year is over. 32 7. Why were Colleen and her family so grateful to Dr. Rob Boll? Because Dr. Boll saved Colleens mother-in-law and in the age of lawsuits, he was willing to put himself on the line.上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackN

56、ext2. Text: Divine Intervention3321 Later that November night, after returning from the hospital, Rob Boll found another job that needed to be finished. He strolled into the church kitchen and rolled up his sleeves. “Divine intervention doesnt usually come into play,” he says, “when its time to do t

57、he dishes.”Translation21 十一月的那個(gè)晚上晚些時(shí)候，羅布博爾從醫(yī)院回來之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一件事有待完成。他晃進(jìn)教會(huì)廚房，挽起袖子?！靶枰赐氲臅r(shí)候上帝通常不會(huì)顯靈?！彼f道。 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext come into play: 開始活動(dòng)，開始起作用 e.g. A complex system of muscles come into play for each body movement. Political considerations do come into play when making policy. 2. Text: Div

58、ine Intervention34Focus1words&phrases4. Working with words and phrases A. Find appropriate items (16) in the text which fit the items (af).上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 BackNext( ) 1. dull a. someones mind ( ) 2. pumpb. knife( ) 3. sweepc. water( ) 4. readd. throat ( ) 5. turkeye. the floor ( ) 6. soref. dinne

59、r bceafd35Focus1words&phrases4. Working with words and phrases B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text. 上海交通大上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)出版社出版社 1. She almost c to death in the thick fumes.2. The woman hurried to the bank, only to find that she had left her bankbook at home. She became f .3

60、. The situation for the flood victims was quite dangerous. D action had to be taken at once.4. Fortunately, the drowned boy was r by first aid.5. The old lady tripped over a stairway and became u . She was rushed to hospital.hokedrasticranticnconsciousesuscitatedBackNext36 5. Discussion Discuss the