2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）英語(yǔ)

1、2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）英語(yǔ)第I卷(共103分)I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of

2、the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mothers house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a wee

3、k, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods a

4、nd head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26) _happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27) _she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly

5、with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me why would she not want to tell me about what she (28) _ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) _ (buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (3

6、0) _she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didnt need to keep it a secret (31) _me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I wa

7、s so impressed by (32) _ selfless she was.25.解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞wonder與本句主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞wondering在句中做狀語(yǔ)。答案：Wondering26.解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句what happened，并在句中做主語(yǔ)。句意：發(fā)生的事情真得讓我很驚訝。答案：what27.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the refugee camp，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作為介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，in which相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where。答案：which28.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)

8、。根據(jù)上下文可知本文介紹的是我被派到媽媽家附近工作，這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，而媽媽幫助難民是在我來(lái)這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。答案：haddone29.解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)stop to do sth停下了做另外一件事情；stop doing sth停止做某事；句意：媽媽是擔(dān)憂如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)了這件事情我的反應(yīng)還是擔(dān)憂我不再給她買食品雜貨嗎？根據(jù)句意可知使用stop doing sth.。答案：buying30.解析：考查連詞。賴床before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在句中有多種翻譯方法。本句意為“還沒來(lái)得及.就.”。句意：她還沒有來(lái)得及反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)，我就緊緊地接

9、著她并告訴她這件事情不必對(duì)我保密。答案：Before31.解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)keep secrets to sb. 對(duì)某人保密。句意：她還沒有來(lái)得及反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)，我就緊緊地接著她病告訴她這件事情不必對(duì)我保密。答案：to32.解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。本句中表語(yǔ)從句how selfless she was作為介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閟elfless是形容詞，所以使用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句。用法和感嘆句類似。答案：how(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to ta

10、lking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34) _does you harm.

11、It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35) _(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain poin

12、t, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36) _number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) _, and yet find it impossible t

13、o say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _(annoy) with people over unimportant things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39) _ (control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of str

14、ess in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40) _(get )ill.33.解析：hasbeenregarded考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是i

15、n recent years最近幾年以來(lái)，該時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，且句子主語(yǔ)stress與動(dòng)詞regard構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式has been regarded。答案：has been regarded34.解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特點(diǎn)就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語(yǔ)only too much stress。答案：that35.解析：better考查固定句式“The+比較級(jí).， the+比

16、較級(jí)”意為“越.就越.”。本句句意：你承受的壓力越大，你的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)越好。所以本空使用good的比較級(jí)形式better。答案：better36.解析：考查固定短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)a number of許多，大量；該形容詞短語(yǔ)通常做定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，本句中使用a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式questions。答案：a37.解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。句意：例如，你是否感覺到對(duì)你期待得太多了？本句的主語(yǔ)是you，所以仍然使用賓格you作為介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。答案：you38.解析：考查形容詞。形容詞annoyed惱怒的，該詞是由過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient構(gòu)成

17、并列關(guān)系一起和系動(dòng)詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：annoyed39.解析：考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面要接動(dòng)詞原形。答案：control40.解析：考查形容詞短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的壓力超過(guò)150，你就非常有可能生病了。答案：togetSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

18、 Note that there is one word more than you need.A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the e

19、ssentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the

20、aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with de

21、coration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the

22、user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows e

23、motion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our naturesight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking de

24、vice that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.41.解析：動(dòng)詞capture獲得；捕獲；本句中該詞構(gòu)成的不定式短語(yǔ)“to capture.”作為動(dòng)詞try的賓語(yǔ)。句意：多年以來(lái)，設(shè)計(jì)師和藝術(shù)家一直都在努力搞清楚好的設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)。答案：D42.解析：名詞decorations 裝飾，該詞在句中作為動(dòng)詞avoid的賓語(yǔ)。本段的主題是“Less is more”倡導(dǎo)裝修設(shè)計(jì)的簡(jiǎn)單化。句意：設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該避免不必要的裝飾物。答案：E43.解析：形容詞soulless 沒有靈魂的；該詞在本句中做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞design。根據(jù)前半句“

25、The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly.”可知美國(guó)建筑家Robert Venturi總結(jié)過(guò)，如果簡(jiǎn)約沒有做好，那么這樣的設(shè)計(jì)就是沒有靈魂的。答案：J44.解析：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)experiment with試用，用.做實(shí)驗(yàn)；句意：后現(xiàn)代主義設(shè)計(jì)師們?cè)僖淮伍_始試驗(yàn)裝飾和顏色。答案：G45.解析：名詞appliance電器，電器工具；該詞可由后面列舉的例子“ovens and kettles烤箱和水壺”推理，指廚房電器等物品。答案：C46.解析：形容詞intended預(yù)期的；

26、本句中該詞和系動(dòng)詞is構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的是產(chǎn)品達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。答案：H47.解析：形容詞adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的。本句中該詞作為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞desk lamp，意為“可調(diào)節(jié)的臺(tái)燈”，與后句中“regular adjustments by the user”形成呼應(yīng)。答案：B48.解析：動(dòng)詞direct對(duì)準(zhǔn)，指揮。本句中該詞與名詞light構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)。句意：最重要的是，它需要對(duì)準(zhǔn)需要光線的地方。答案：F49.解析：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)o account 考慮.；把.考慮在內(nèi)。句意：他認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)必須要把自然的知覺考慮在內(nèi)，如：視覺、嗅覺、觸覺和味覺。答案：A50.解析

27、：動(dòng)詞squeeze擠壓；在本句中該詞和名詞the toothpaste構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。句意：我們很喜歡一個(gè)看起來(lái)很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上。答案：KIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In

28、the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In

29、 any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) man

30、agers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collect

31、ive opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent tr

32、end has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授權(quán)) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with jus

33、t a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being

34、 followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms

35、 of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后半句“.will do anything to avoid it”可知很多人為了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，說(shuō)明那些人大多數(shù)人生性都是懶惰的，都不愿意工作，他們盡可能地逃避工作。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：52. A. contraryB. expectationC. degreeD. extreme 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。短語(yǔ)to

36、the contrary相反的；to the degree在某種程度上；to the extreme走向極端；在文章第一段中提到了X理論，大多數(shù)人都缺乏進(jìn)取心和責(zé)任心，不愿對(duì)人和事負(fù)責(zé)，沒有什么雄心壯志，不喜歡負(fù)責(zé)任，寧可被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。而Y理論認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人愿意對(duì)工作、對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé)，人們?cè)敢鈱?shí)行自我管理和自我控制來(lái)完成應(yīng)當(dāng)完成的目標(biāo)。這是兩種完全相反的理論，盡管對(duì)于這兩種完全相反的理論有很多的證據(jù)，很多管理人仍然同意X理論。故A正確。答案：53. A. vice versaB. for exampleC. howeverD. otherwise解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。本句中for example表示舉例說(shuō)

37、明；這些管理人仍然同意X理論，例如他們認(rèn)為如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督。這屬于X理論的舉例說(shuō)明。故B正確。答案：54. A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句“.makes for authoritarian managers.”可知這屬于專制的管理方法，他們的決定是來(lái)自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故D項(xiàng)“above上面的”正確。答案：55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的管理學(xué)的理論，使用本句使用動(dòng)詞

38、“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亞洲、西方的管理方法形成呼應(yīng)。故C正確。答案；56. A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。短語(yǔ)refer to提到，談到；contribute to做貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致；object to反對(duì)；apply to適用于；亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對(duì)管理的過(guò)程做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故B正確。答案：57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞agreement同意；practice

39、練習(xí)，做法；election選舉；impression印象；亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之上的，西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A正確。答案：58. A. bossyB. experiencedC. westernD. male 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句“.women will become more effective managers than men.”可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效。因?yàn)榕愿杏H和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故D正確。答案：59. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing

40、 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“. encourage employees to use their own initiative.鼓勵(lì)員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神”，也就是說(shuō)在做出決定的時(shí)候不要請(qǐng)示上級(jí)經(jīng)理，自己做出決定即可。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：60. A. doublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating 解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“the trend towards downsizing縮小規(guī)模的趨勢(shì)”，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接做出決定而不需要請(qǐng)示上級(jí)。故動(dòng)詞“reduce減少”符合上下文串聯(lián)。答案：61. A. honored B.

41、leftC. crowdedD. compared解析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。動(dòng)詞be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with擠滿；be compared with與.相比；通過(guò)這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和前線的與公眾直接聯(lián)系的一線管理人。省略了很多中央環(huán)節(jié)，提高了管理的效益。故B正確。答案：B62. A. economicallyB. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally 解析：考查副詞辨析。副詞economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地；traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；inadequately不

42、充分地；occasionally偶爾地；根據(jù)后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management.”可知授權(quán)管理是一個(gè)新型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B正確。答案：B63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞deny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)；assume假定，設(shè)想；ensure保證，確保；授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個(gè)商業(yè)計(jì)劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。答案：D64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-da

43、yD. on-the-scene解析：考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞virtual虛擬的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的。根據(jù)后句”where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.”可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過(guò)郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系，說(shuō)明這種新型通過(guò)虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的管理方法，故A正確。答案：A65. A. opinionB. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness解析：考

44、查名詞辨析。名詞opinion觀點(diǎn)；risk冒險(xiǎn)；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness能力；根據(jù)后半句中”in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.”可知我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是工作的時(shí)間，故C正確。答案：CSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or un

45、finished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Rea

46、d Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters. “Is it good?” I asked her. “Yeah,” she answered. “Theres one I really like and youll like it, too.” I leaned forward. “Patty Poem,” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The p

47、oem began:She never puts her toys away, Just leaves them scattered where they lay, 散亂的 The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly: When she grows and gathers poise, 穩(wěn)重 Ill miss her harum-scarum noise, 莽撞的 And look in vain for scattered toys. 徒勞地And Ill be sad. A terrible sorr

48、ow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “Its you, honey,” My mother said sadly. To my mother, the poem revealed a parents affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I b

49、urst out crying. “Whats wrong?” my mother asked. “Oh Mama,” I cried. “I dont want to grow up ever!” She smiled. “Honey, its okay. Youre not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, Ill still love you, okay?” “Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that si

50、lly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that ha

51、d the power to make or break a persons world. I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer

52、 attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in

53、big, hot pink letters.我的興趣被激起來(lái)了，主要是因?yàn)檫@本書封面上的”Poems”很大很紅。故B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt _ at first.A. sad B. excited C. horrified D. confused解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知當(dāng)我讀完這首詩(shī)的時(shí)候，我很難過(guò)。詩(shī)里的情感讓我不愿意長(zhǎng)大。故A正確。答案

54、：A68. The writers mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because_.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)” To my mother, the poem revealed a parents affection when her child grow

55、s up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.可知對(duì)媽媽來(lái)說(shuō)這首詩(shī)讓她想起我也會(huì)長(zhǎng)大也會(huì)離開她，她也會(huì)因?yàn)槲业碾x開而非常難受。所以這本書讓她把未來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系了起來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D69. It can be concluded from the passage that “Patty Poem” leads the writer to _.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for

56、 puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the