形容詞和副詞--李先鳳

1、形容詞和副詞的用法一、形容詞1、形容詞可分為兩大類：描繪形容詞和限定形容詞。描繪形容詞是描寫人或物的顏色、尺寸、形狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的形容詞。2、形容詞的位置修飾語一般應(yīng)置于被修飾語之前，但當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)，其排列順序一般如下：形容詞型代詞數(shù)量詞描 繪 形 容詞（性 質(zhì)，尺寸/形狀，新舊/溫度，顏 色，國(guó) 籍，材 料）Example: that strong young Chinese swimmer二、副詞1、副詞的構(gòu)成如下： （1）本身就是副詞，如very, now, there, quite等. （2）由形容詞加后綴-ly構(gòu)成, 如happily, carefully等。 （3）

2、有些副詞與形容詞同行，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。注意：有些-ly結(jié)尾的詞不是副詞而是形容詞，如friendly,等。2、副詞的位置（1）修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，須放在被修飾詞之前，如 The scenery around here is very beautiful.（2）always, never, often, sometimes, ususlly等表示頻率的副詞在一般動(dòng)詞前，be動(dòng)詞后，有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞之間。 He usually gets up early, but he got up late today. I have nev

3、er met him and I hope I will never meet him.（3）有兩個(gè)以上不同種類的副詞作修飾語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)榈攸c(diǎn)（小地點(diǎn)大地點(diǎn)）狀態(tài)次數(shù)時(shí)間（單位小的時(shí)間單位大的時(shí)間）。 They arrived in Paris safely the other day. (4)seldom, rarely, never等具有否定意義的頻率副詞置于句首時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞須放在主語的前面（也叫倒裝句），如 Never did I hear such a funny story=I never heard such a funny story.3、幾個(gè)特殊副詞的用法（1）enou

4、gh須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之后；too須置于所修飾的形容詞和副詞之前. She speaks English well enough to be an interpreter. It,s too hot a day to work. 但enough修飾名詞時(shí)須置于名詞之前. Have you got enough money for this microwave oven?（2）too(for)不定式（to），作“太而不能”解；enough不定式，意思是“足夠可以”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換成sothat結(jié)構(gòu)。 The boy was still too young to go to school.

5、He was so young that he could not go to school.(3)already用于肯定句，作“已經(jīng)”解；yet用于否定句，作“還”解，用于疑問句作“已經(jīng)”解，still作“仍然”解。 I have already seen film.鞏固練習(xí)：( ) 1. They young man is _ carry that heavy bag.A. strong enough to B. enough strong to C. not strong enough D. strong enough( ) 2. Tom does his homework _ Lucy

6、. A. as carefully as B. so careful as C. as careful as D. so carefully as( ) 3. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. I can _ read the words in the newspapers. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly( ) 4. How far is it from your home to your school? -Its a quarters walk, _. A. here and there B. now and the

7、n C. up and down D. more or less( ) 5. George looks strong. Has he ever been sick? -Hes a superman! He _ goes to the doctor. A. already B. even C. often D. seldom( ) 6. Does Liu Hua ever guess the meanings of English words? -He _guesses the meanings of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time.

8、 A. usually B. always C. never D. sometimes( ) 7. You must drive _ next time, or there may be another accident. A. more carefully B. carefully C. careful D. more careful( ) 8. -_ do you go to the library? - Four times a month. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How much( )9. Dont worry, sir. Im

9、 sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast( ) 10. Its twelve oclock at night, but he is _ working. A. already B. ever C. still D. yet( ) 11. Its a pity that I didnt think of ringing you _. A. soon B. sooner C. early D. earlier( ) 12. I go

10、t to the station _ than Jim. A. early 20 minutes B. earlier 20 minutes C. 20 minutes early D. 20 minutes earlier ( ) 13. There was _ to weight the elephant. A. nothing enough big B. big nothing enoughC. nothing big enough D. big enough nothing( ) 14. Kate said that she didnt feel very _ today. A. we

11、ll B. good C. nice D. better( ) 15. My parents are _ busy that they have no time to do housework. A. so B. very C. too D. quite( ) 16. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：（一

12、）一當(dāng)兩者之間相互比較時(shí)，我們要用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；當(dāng)相互比較的物體是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上時(shí)，我們就要用形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)律：1. 單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞后面直接加-er或-esttalltallertallest fastfasterfastest2. 以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞直接加-r或-stlargelargerlargest nicenicernicest3. 以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，改-y為-i再加-er或-estbusybusierbusiest earlyearlierearliest4. 形容詞或副詞是重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí)，雙寫最后的輔音字母，

13、再加-er或-esthothotterhottest bigbiggerbiggest5. 多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞前面直接加more或mostdeliciousmore deliciousmost deliciousbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful6.帶后綴ing,-ed,-ous,-ful,-ly,-less等形容詞前面加moer,most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如：Boring,tired,pleased,worried,famous,serious,friendly,caerless,careful等。7. 不規(guī)則變化形容詞比較等級(jí)部分不規(guī)則變化表原 級(jí)

14、比 較 級(jí)最 高 級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittle/fewlessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的句子公式：比較級(jí)形容詞：人/物A + am / are / is + 形比 + than +人/物B.1.I am taller than you.2. Tom比我胖。 Tom is _ (fat) than me.3. 他的頭發(fā)比我的短。His hair is _(short)

15、than _. He has _ (short) hair than _. (注意比較對(duì)象的一致性)副詞：人/物A + 行為動(dòng)詞 + 副比 + than +人/物B.He studies better than me.最高級(jí)1）人/物A + am / are / is + the + 形最高級(jí) + 比較范圍（of + 人/物，in +地方）.I am the tallest in the class.Pizza is the most delicious food of the three.2）人/物A + 行為動(dòng)詞 + 副詞最高級(jí) + 比較范圍（of + 人/物，in + 地方）.He st

16、udies best of us.鞏固練習(xí)：一. 詞形變換。比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)large _ _fast _ _easy _ _ _wet _ _ good _ _important _ _well _ _bad _ _many _ _little _ _far _ _strong _ _patient _ _ _safe _ _careful _ _ _ famous _ _tired _ _ boring _ _expensive _ _二. 選擇填空。1.Birds can fly _, eagles can fly_than birds. They fly _ in the world.

17、( high, higher, highest )2. I am _ than my brother, but my little sister is the _ of us. (fat, fatter, fattest )3. Which can swim _, fish or sharks? ( well,better, best )4. The green book is a _ book, but the red one is much _ than the green one. Its the_ book in the bookshop. (nice, nicer, nicest )

18、5. Look at that boy, he is running _ (fast,faster).6. I think that book is _ (good, better) for you.7. The new library has _ (many, more) books than the old one.8. Sally is _ (tall, taller) than her cousin.9. Our school is much _ (large, larger) than yours.10. Janet jumps _ (high, higher) than Mike.

19、11Mr Hare runs much _ (fast, faster) than Mr Turtle. Mr Hare neednt run_ (fast, faster) now.12. In the gym, Tommy is playing table tennis _(well, better) than Jimmy.13. This book is very _ (interesting, more interesting) , but that one is_ (interesting, more interesting) than it.14. The film is the

20、_ (horrible, more horrible,most horrible) film of all.15. Its summer now. The weather is getting _.(hot and hot, hotter and hotter, hottest and hottest)16. The U.S.A. is one of _(richer, most rich,the richest) countries in the world.三. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. My school is _, but Toms school is_ than mine. A

21、nd Sallys school is the_. (small)2. Rabbits can run _, but tigers can run_ than rabbits, and cheetahs can run_ of the three. (fast)3.Pig is _, but deer is _ than pig,and elephant is the_ (heavy)4. Im _, but she is _ than me.(beautiful)5. Every day is _. But today is the_ day I have ever had. (busy)6

22、. I think pizza is the _ food of all.(delicious)四. 漢譯英。1.她比我漂亮。（pretty）_2.我學(xué)習(xí)比他們好。（well）_3.她是我們中間最漂亮的。（pretty）_4.我學(xué)習(xí)是全班上最好的。（well）（二）三比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的特殊用法1.表示“A和B一樣”，用“A.as原級(jí)as B”他和我一樣高。 He is as _ (tall) as I/me.英語比語文重要。English is as _ (important) as Chinese.他的頭發(fā)和我的頭發(fā)一樣長(zhǎng)。His hair is _ _ _ mine.他學(xué)習(xí)和你一樣努力。He

23、 works _ hard _ you. 2.表示“A不如B”，用“A.not+as/so+原級(jí)+as +B”這輛車不像那輛車一樣貴。This car _ _ _（expensive） that one. =This car is _ _ / than that one. =That car is _ _ than this one.今天沒有昨天暖和。Today _ _ _(warm) _ yesterday. =Yesterday _ _ than today.他昨天來得沒有我早。He _ come _ (early)as I (did) yesterday. =He came _ than

24、 I yesterday.(同級(jí)和比較級(jí)的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)3.比較級(jí)前可以用much/a lot/far.(.得多)，a little(稍微),even(甚至)等表示程度He is much _( well) today. Its much _ (expensive).He is very _ (well) today. Its too _ (expensive)4.如果表示某某是兩者之間“更.”的那個(gè)時(shí)，要在比較級(jí)前加the而且還用of the two,of the pair等短語。約翰是兩個(gè)男孩子中較聰明的一個(gè)。John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of

25、the two boys, John is the cleverer.這支手表是兩個(gè)中比較便宜的。This watch is of the two.5.比較級(jí)前可以加上表示具體數(shù)量的詞，表示具體“大多少”，“小多少”.等。如：我比他大兩歲。 I am two years _ _ he. 這個(gè)建筑比那個(gè)建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters _ _that one.6.用“twice等表示倍數(shù)的詞+as+原級(jí)+as.”表示甲是乙的幾倍。 This book costs twice as much as the other one.注意：在英語中，兩倍用twice，而不

26、用two times，三倍以上用three，fourtimes。 7.比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前可用程度狀語加以修飾，如asas前可用almost,nearly,just(about),quite等詞語修飾，如，John is almost as tall as his father.8.在more than結(jié)構(gòu)之前可用far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等詞語修飾，如：He speaks English a lot more rapidly than he does French.9.“.the比較級(jí),

27、the比較級(jí)”, 表示“越就越.”，如： The harder you work , the more you will learn.10.“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”，表示“越來越.”，如： The days are getting longer and longer.注意:多音節(jié)形容詞用此句型時(shí)，要用more and more +形容詞原級(jí)；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful鞏固練習(xí)：一單項(xiàng)選擇1. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy

28、as2. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the more expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them3. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not long C. much longer D. many more longer4. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner

29、 D. the thinnest5. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older6. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler7._ hurry, _speed. 越急越慢（欲速則不達(dá)） A. More, less B.

30、 Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little8. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 9. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 10. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 二、Fill in the blanks with the right forms:1This bag is a little _(heavy) than that one.2Mr. Smith is a _(good) teacher. He always helps us to learn math.3