2022年中考英語首字母填空解題技巧及配套試題

1、2014 年中考英語首字母填空解題技巧及配套試題 首字母填空給首字母填空類短文題是近幾年來各地中考試題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一，因為它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉開考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測試的范疇，它考查的范圍極廣，可以是英語知識的方方面面，還可能涉及其它學(xué)科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫出來，并且單詞形式合理，符合語法規(guī)范，符合短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示。可是這種題型因難度相對較大，考生失分現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。學(xué)生要仔細(xì)閱讀全文，利用上下文提供的有關(guān)信息，再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)句子，判斷所缺單詞的句子成分，才能完

2、成練習(xí)。完型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型，最能測量考生實際運用語言的能力。要做好此類題目，考生不但要有較強(qiáng)的語感，善于體會上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而且要有扎實的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量。不少同學(xué)經(jīng)過長期艱苦的努力，可能仍達(dá)不到理想的訓(xùn)練效果，為了幫助同學(xué)們解決燃眉之急，在平時的教學(xué)中我采用了下面的 “臺階式 ”教學(xué)法，而且經(jīng)過試驗，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這確實是比較有效的方法之一，對提高學(xué)生的解題能力很有幫助。具體做法如下：Step1：掌握七種句子成分與十種詞性之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過對單一成分的分類練習(xí)，掌握該句子成分與何種詞性相對應(yīng)。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。(1) 對主語的判斷 1. _ are helpful

3、to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favorite sport. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 分析：以上練習(xí)中，所填的詞均為句子的主語。主語是動作的發(fā)出者，詞性主要為名詞與代詞（1-）；動詞不能直接用作主語，必須轉(zhuǎn)化成

4、其對應(yīng)的名詞或動名詞（-）。此外，形容詞前加 the 以及帶連詞的句子也可作主語。例如：The rich are not always happy. 句中 the rich 指 “ 有錢人 ” ，因此可以作主語。What I wanted was just your help. 句中 What I wanted 是一個帶有連詞what 的句子，因此也可以作主語?！?Is your father at home?“ but this i_ my house.(2) 對謂語的判斷John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ ov

5、er to him. “ My boy, ” she a_ , “ Yes, ” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ ba ck to John and s_ angrily, “ Didn t you s_ that your father was at home?”“ I did” , answered John, Key: 分析：語篇中的所缺詞均為謂語動詞。謂語是句子所表示的動作，詞性只能是動詞，而且在句子中不能缺。當(dāng)一個主謂結(jié)

6、構(gòu)中同時出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上動詞時，還要判斷他們之間的相互關(guān)系，對謂語動詞或非謂語動詞的判斷只有在熟練掌握相關(guān)知識的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。平時練習(xí)和周練中，我經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生做些“用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空” 練習(xí)，有助于對動詞形式的判斷。(3) 對賓語的判斷 1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. The front is in great need of medical _.( work ) 3. Thank you fo

7、r your _. ( kind ) 4. At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. 分析：賓語是動作的承受者，分動詞賓語與介詞賓語兩種。賓語的詞性同和主語的詞性一樣，單是如果代詞作賓語時就必須用其賓格。(4) 對表語的判斷1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Su

8、ch cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ）5. It s a _ to have a picnic with all t he members. （please ）Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表語是連系動詞后接的成分。詞性主要為形容詞，名詞 , 介詞短語。如果是動詞的適當(dāng)形式作表語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(5) 對定

9、語的判斷 1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4. The French artist said, “ It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5

10、. Most peopl e don t like _ food. ( freeze ) 6. Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical ) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry 分析 :定語是修飾名詞與代詞的成分。詞性以形容詞，序數(shù)詞，介詞短語為主。名詞修飾名詞說明后面名稱的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是動詞的適當(dāng)形式作定語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(6) 對狀語的判斷1.

11、 The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2. Watch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3)

12、safely 分析：狀語是說明動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，方式，目的，結(jié)果，條件和伴隨情況的成分。詞性以副詞為主，也可以是介詞短語。如果是動詞的適當(dāng)形式作狀語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(7) 對連詞的判斷1. Work harder, _ youll make great progress in English. 2. My job is to protect the innocent _ find the guilty. 3. _ you _ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together beca

13、use I have only one ticket. 4. Can you tell me _ you are from? 5. Ill give you a call _ I get to Japan. Key: (1)and (2) as well as (3) Either or (4) where (5) as soon as 分析：在英語中 , 并列連詞 and, but, or, so , not only but also, either or, neither nor, as well as, both 等連接并列的詞 , and詞組和句子 ; 而從屬連詞則連接主句與從句。S

14、tep2：在牢記了七種句子成分與十種詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系之后，多做綜合的“ 用所給單詞的正確形式填空” ，有利于提高對句子成分的判斷能力。熟練掌握詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3：鍛煉自己的發(fā)散和歸納思維的能力，或稱為“ 猜謎 ”的能力。Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. _ are helpful to students. 2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. _ are helpful to students. In class they teach them

15、 knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. _ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 分析：按順序做你會不假思索地得出答案，1-4 均為 Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一題答案不僅僅只有 Teachers。按判斷主語的結(jié)論，凡名詞，只要合乎邏輯，都可作為第一題的答案，你會發(fā)現(xiàn) Books 也可，繼而得出結(jié)論：“一切有益于學(xué)生的復(fù)數(shù)名詞均為正確答案，如：Exercises、 Doctors、Police、Parents ”。第二題受后一句 kn

16、owledge 的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、 Books，第三題限制更多，從“ care for 判斷主語只能是人，即 : Teachers。第四題受 healthy 的限制，最好填 Doctors / Nurses。以上練習(xí)說明解完形填空需要如下技能：1. 對所缺詞的句子成分必須作出精確判斷，然后填入正確的詞性，即必須熟練掌握句子成分與詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。2. 必須訓(xùn)練自己擴(kuò)散性思維能力，如同猜謎，因為詞義的確定依靠著對句中限制性信息的判斷得出。3. 良好的語法基本功。在確定完詞性與詞義后，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞的比較等級和動詞時態(tài)的確定等等建立在良好的語法基本功之上。Step4：對

17、詞性、詞義、詞形的精確判斷階段，即綜合運用階段Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Nex

18、t week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. 分析：通讀短文以后發(fā)現(xiàn) Mr. Wu 是一位老師。從 old 可推斷他不久要退休了 ,所以“ l_ ” 應(yīng)為謂語動詞 leaving ;“ s_” 是第三句的主語 , 結(jié)合 have 判斷為 students; “ h_”是 give 的賓語 , 判斷為him ; “ p_” 的內(nèi)容是 cards, note-books , 所以判斷為名詞 presents; “ t_ ” 是介詞 among 的賓語 , 應(yīng)為 them ; “ m_” 處于be done by 的結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 應(yīng)為過去分詞 mad

19、e;“ h_” 位于情態(tài)動詞 will 之后 , 應(yīng)為動詞原形 help; “ t_ ” 是 remember 的賓語 , 并且受到 happy 的修飾應(yīng)為 time；“ t_” 是主語 , 名詞或代詞 teachers / they; “ p_” 是 have的賓語 , 前面有冠詞 , 所以是名詞 party；“ s_ ” 前有 to, 分析成分為目的狀語 to do 即 to say。Step5：熟能生巧階段。要做到舉重若輕，必須在前四步的基礎(chǔ)上作長期系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，把上述知識演化為解題技能。例如：【2011 上?！?D. Read the passage and fill in the bl

20、anks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇?,使其內(nèi)容通順 . 每空格限填一詞 , 首字母已給 ): ( 14 分 ) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could af

21、ford. However, modem technology has c 92 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own fi

22、lm-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay them a cent

23、 while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write

24、 it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. 【主旨大意】文章指出，隨著生活水平和現(xiàn)代科技的提高，人們自己制作一部電影已經(jīng)不再是什么稀罕的事。文章指出要制作一部優(yōu)秀的電影，除了優(yōu)秀演員之外，還需要有一個好的劇本，這是電影成功的保證。92. changed 【解析】上文提到在過去，制作一部電影是一件十分昂貴的事，只有少數(shù)人和電影公司才能干。然而現(xiàn)在隨著時間的推移，現(xiàn)代科技將這一切都改變了，故填 changed；93. much 【解析】本句意為“ 現(xiàn)在一部相機(jī)花費并不多” ，價格大多數(shù)人都能坦然接受，故填 mu

25、ch; 94. tiring 【解析】該句意為“ 然而，電影制作是一件很累人的事” ，work 是不可數(shù)名詞，故要說 tiring work ，不能加 a; 95. population 【解析】下文中都是在談?wù)撾娪爸械哪切┠信輪T，加上謂語動詞是單數(shù)，故應(yīng)填 population ；96. besides 【解析】上邊提到了演員，下邊接著講述應(yīng)該要有劇本，故填 besides；97. character 【解析】這個地方講“ 如果你的想象力豐富，那么你就能夠創(chuàng)作出一個具有吸引力的人物， ” ，故答案填character; 98. successful 【解析】該句意為“一個優(yōu)秀的故事是電影成

26、功的關(guān)鍵” ，故答案填 successful; 實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（一）Do you have a pet? Are you i_ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be animal doctors. Theyre often c_ “ vets ” . Many of them work in animal h_. Others may work on farms or az_. Some study animal diseases and try to find w_ to

27、 keep the animals from getting i_. They do studies in m_ for animals. Vets listen to an animals h_. They check ( 檢查 ) its ears, eyes, mouth and blood. They o_ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots (注射 ) and tell the pets o _ what food is best. （二）Dear Tom: Are you surprised t

28、o hear from me? I have not heard from you s_ the beginning of the summer h_. How are you getting on with your s_? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b_ f_ Canada yet? My stamp collection is g_ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d_ countries. In my stamp books. I us

29、ually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen-friend from Britain. She gave me some B_ stamps. My American teacher has given me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. Im glad to know you are going to give me some foreign stamps, but I still have not r_ the stamps of Nepal w

30、hich you said to p_ me. Have you sent them off yet? Please write to me. Have you sent them off yet? Yours Zhou Wen （三）When Martin was a small boy, he lived in the little town of Holtham. Then he thought the town was a big p_. Well, Martin went back to Holtham last wee k. “ It s a small town!” he tho

31、ught. Holtham has changed little during the p_ forty years. B_ Martin has changed a lot. He has g_ into a man. He is now in m_ life. His thoughts are a mans thoughts, and he sees things through a m_ eyes. Martin s_ in Holtham for five years. He walked from street t_ street. He could see no friends.

32、Was Holtham, then, a town of strangers? No, Martin suddenly u_ it all. Only he h_ was a stranger in the town. （四）I got an answering machine for my birthday and I soon realized （意識到） what a u_ machine this is. I am not at home m_ of the day, so someone can leave a message and I can ring them b_. They

33、 have no way to say they c_ get in touch with ( 聯(lián)系 ) me. S_ when I am at home and have work to do, the phone never s_. Now I put the machine on. I am not troubled. So I can do a lot m_ work. There are some people I j_ do not want to talk to. So I put the machine on and I dont have to s_ to them. In

34、conclusion(really dont know how I lived w_ this wonderful machine. (五 ) Near the North Pole ( 北極 ) there are two s_, winter and summer. The winter nights are long. For more t_ two months, you cant s_ the sun, e_ at noon. The summer days are also long. For more thanmonths, the sun n_ goes down and th

35、ere are no n_. The people there have warm clothes. They make most of these clothes by t_. They make them from the skins ( 皮 ) of a_. From skins they make coats and hats and even shoes. In this cold weather, trees can _. The people there have to build their houses from skins, earth or snow. Life is h

36、_ for the people there. (六 ) How do you like to go to school like one in Oxford( 牛津大學(xué) ), England ? There are no r_ classes. The students go from one group to a _ when they want to. You may find students of fourteen, sixteen or twenty-five years old all in the s_ group. They work at their o_ studies.

37、 Nobody tells them what they should or shouldnt be doiThe day I visited, school b_ at nine. Some students were working at a tape recorder and listening to their lessons. Others were watching TV on maths. A group was reading in the school l_. I didnt see anybody just sit doing n_. Everybody was study

38、ing. At lunch time I could see students w_, too. They were talking about their lessons while they were e_. When you think of these students you can be sure it is one of the best s _ in the world. (七 ) One day when Nasreddin was having a bath, he began to s_. The bathroom was small with a stone floor

39、. His song was very b_, he thought. “ Oh” ,he said, “ I sing very well. I will sing to o_ people, too, and maybe Ill be a famous s_, and most people will want to hear me.” So after his bath Nasreddin went up onto the roof ( 屋頂 ) of the house and began to sing his song very l_. A man was w_ in front

40、of the house and he h _ Nasreddin, he said, “ What are you doing? You are m_ a terrible noise. Nobody wants to hear it.” “ Oh, you think so, dont you? ” answered Nasreddin, “ Well, I r_ sing very beautifully. Come to my bathroom and youhear h_ beautiful I can sing.”（八）One day Mike was playing near a

41、 river. S_ his knife fell into the river. He felt very sad because the knife was g_ to him by his father as a birthday present, but it was lost. Then all at once, a k_ old woman came up and asked Mike what was the m_. “ I had lost my knife,” he said, “ it fell into the water when I was playing here.

42、” The old woman s_ him a gold ( 金) knife and asked, “ is this y_?”“ No.” said the boy. The old woman then showed him a silver ( 銀) knife and asked a_, “ Is this yours?”“ No” , again answered the boy. Then she showed him an iron (鐵) knife. “ Yes, thats mine, ” c_ out the happy boy. “ I know it well e

43、_.said the old woman. “ Now I will give you the gold knife and the silver knife b_ you are an honest ( 誠實的 ) boy.”（九）Tom liked to play at school. He had not been doing w_ in the exam. So the a_ teacher decided to ask his father to come to school to have a t_ with him. When his father came, the teach

44、er said to him, rk hard, and “ Your son didne_ worse, he cheated (作弊 ) in the exam.” “ How do you l_ it?” Toms father said. Tom has the s_ answer as the girls. The girl sits next to him.The teacher said. Then the father said, “ Then m_ the girl copied my sons answer.” “ Oh no! There are ten question

45、s on the paper. Your sons answer t_ the first nine questions are just the same as the g_. To the last question the girl answered, I don t know . And your son write N_ do I” .（十）A shop owner c_ his shop and went home. He was very t_ ,but j_ as he went to bed, the telephone rang . A man asked, “ What

46、time do you o_ your shop?” The shop owner was u_ about this phone call. He put down the receiver( 聽筒 ) without a_ and went back to bed. A few minutes later the telephone rang again and the man asked the s_ question. The shop owner became very angry and shouted, “ You needn t ask me when I open the s

47、hop, f_ I wont let you i_.” “ Oh, no, I dont want to get in,” the man said, go o_.”實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)答案：1. interested , called, hospitals, zoo, ways, ill, medicine ,heart, operate , owner 2. since, holidays, studies, back, from, getting, different, British , received, post 3. place, past, But, grown, middle, mans

48、, stayed, to, un derstood, himself 4. useful, most, back, cant, stops, more, just, speak, without 6. real, another, same, own, began, library, nothing, working, eating, schools 7. sing, beautiful, other, singer, loudly, walking, heard, making, really, how 8. Suddenly, given, kind, matter, showed, yo

49、urs, again, cried, enough, because 9. well. Angry, talk, even, learn, same, maybe, to, girls, Neither. 10. closed, tired, just, open, unhappy, answering, same, for, in, out 中考英語首字母填空技巧1.通讀短文 （對大意有個了解，而不是盲目的去做。學(xué)會跳讀，對于不理解的地方可以暫時略過不去管它。）2.認(rèn)真分析，填寫單詞（在了解大意的情況下，我們開始一邊讀一邊做題。在閱讀過程中，要注意上、下文的關(guān)系，對于生詞可以根據(jù)上下文的意思

50、進(jìn)行猜測。）（留心找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子，還要結(jié)合所給首字母的提示，進(jìn)行填寫，并注意單詞的正確形式。）（ 1）依據(jù)習(xí)慣用法與固定搭配進(jìn)行填詞：如【08 年和平】 W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 從句意我們就知道是“在他的幫助下 ”， with his help.（ 2）依據(jù)語法知識進(jìn)行填詞：如【08 年和平】 It was a l earlier. 從句中的 earlier 可以看出它是比較級，我們應(yīng)該會想到修飾形容詞比較級有哪些詞，前面有 a,那肯定就是 little.（ 3）依據(jù)常識的積累進(jìn)行

51、填詞：如【08 年和平】 But it was too late. Hi s friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “ S . ” Mr. White遲到了，他的朋友很生氣，他什么都沒說，只說了一個字“ S . ”我們根據(jù)常識肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填 sorry.（ 4）依據(jù)邏輯推理與句意理解進(jìn)行填詞：如【08 年和平】 One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted

52、 to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根據(jù)句意， Mr. White 高興地開著車去他的朋友家，然后一起去看電影，我們可以進(jìn)行邏輯推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填 pick.4.細(xì)心檢查（檢查填寫的單詞形式和意思是否合理，即是否與文章要求相符，有無句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語法錯誤比如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時動詞加 s，動詞的時態(tài)。）Note ：做好首字母填空要注意以下幾點1.單詞量 。很多學(xué)生做不好首字母填空很重要的一點原因是學(xué)過的單詞沒掌握。每當(dāng)看到一個首字母，腦子中應(yīng)該迅速閃過好幾個詞，然后根據(jù)句意選擇最合適的一個。或者反過來，用意義對單詞，先看句子是什么意思，然后根據(jù)意思填出合適的單詞。2.平時注意積累 詞組、習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。（如果老師沒帶這你們整理的話，我建議一人備個本子，自己整理，除了課本上的，平時你們考的卷子上易錯的都整理到本子上，平時常拿出來翻翻鞏固一下，下次在遇到類似的就會很快想到）（