2017年高考英語作文專題輔導(dǎo)

1、 書 面 表 達(dá) 之 贏取高分策略 高考作文高分卷的特點(diǎn)根據(jù)高考最新考綱、書面表達(dá)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及高考后的閱卷情況，可以看出書面表達(dá)高分卷應(yīng)具備以下特點(diǎn)：外在美：第一印象很重要！書寫清楚，字母勻稱，詞、行間距適當(dāng)，卷面整潔。 結(jié)構(gòu)美：有合理的段落層次，多為3段式，條理清晰；每段有每段的主題。詞匯美：詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。likeBe fond of,be addicted to/ helpdo sb a favor 句式美：運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)母呒壘涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝 。銜接美：使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，對寫一篇有“英語味”的文章很重要，能使文

2、章上下銜接自然、條理清晰。二、四步打造高分英語作文Step1：確定文體常用文體有記敘文、說明文，還有應(yīng)用文如書信等。近幾年的高考書面表達(dá)多以應(yīng)用文為主，提供的形式多以圖畫、提綱、表格出現(xiàn)，書寫的格式大都是書信、通知。所以，考生還應(yīng)該掌握信的稱呼、開頭、正文、結(jié)尾、簽名等方面，另外，口頭通知和書面通知的不同要清楚。總之，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)寫作提示分析材料，確定文體，闖過第一關(guān)。Step2：確定時(shí)態(tài)和人稱考生要根據(jù)選好的文體和寫作內(nèi)容確定時(shí)態(tài)。一般來說，記人敘事多用一般過去時(shí)；發(fā)布通知多用一般將來時(shí)和祈使句式；發(fā)表議論大多用帶有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；人物介紹、現(xiàn)狀說明常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。定準(zhǔn)時(shí)態(tài)后

3、接下來一定要知道各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法要點(diǎn)，但要記住，寫作時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)并不惟一，要依據(jù)表達(dá)內(nèi)容而選定。Step3：確定所需主要詞匯和所用表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)在以上“兩確定”的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)該根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容逐個(gè)地確定寫作要點(diǎn)。對于圖畫和圖表可在草稿紙上用中文列出。理清要點(diǎn)，然后選詞造句，對列出的要點(diǎn)逐一翻譯。這時(shí)要注意力求語言準(zhǔn)確得當(dāng)。平時(shí)寫作要多進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維，如是用very sorry還是terribly sorry；是surprised還是astonished。同時(shí)考生應(yīng)學(xué)會盡可能使用較高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，如非謂語動詞、復(fù)合句等。最大限度地完美文章。Step4：整理成篇行文連貫 接下來要根據(jù)內(nèi)容分清文章的層次，

4、確定詳略，將寫好的單句要重新排列組合起來，使之前后連貫成一篇完整的文章。同時(shí)選用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞使文章過渡自然，行文流暢。另外，根據(jù)內(nèi)容編排，該分段時(shí)要分段，使表達(dá)清楚，一目了然。行云流水，整齊劃一，闖過寫作第四關(guān)。三段式作文法重點(diǎn)詮釋： 所謂三段式就是將一篇書面表達(dá)按三段的寫作模式謀篇布局。就整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)而言，如何把握較大的寫作空間，三段式的寫作模式為最佳選擇。三段式的模式寫法通常為：1第一段開門見山，提出要解決的問題或觀點(diǎn)，或者把時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物和主要事件及時(shí)點(diǎn)出。2第二段要擺出事實(shí)或提出論據(jù)，或者把事情發(fā)展的經(jīng)過詳細(xì)寫出來。3最后一段，得出結(jié)論或理由。 注意：要學(xué)會使用過渡詞。過渡詞猶如“橋

5、梁”和“粘合劑 ”。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^渡詞可避免結(jié)構(gòu)松散，層次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章條理清楚，文字連貫流暢。 常用的過渡詞有：遞進(jìn)型： also, (and)besides, whats more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, whats worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not onlybut also等；解釋型：that is (to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a

6、matter of fact等；轉(zhuǎn)折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等；列舉型：firstlysecondlyfinally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等舉例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take for example等；因果型：because (of), since, now that, th

7、anks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so that, so that等；讓步型：though, although, in spite of, despite 等；順序型：firstnextand thenfinally, firstthenafter thatfinally 等；并列型：and, bothand, or, eitheror, as well as, 等時(shí)間型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardlywhe

8、n, no soonerthan 等總結(jié)型：in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等見解型：in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,Im sure 等條件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等英語作文高分技巧在歷年的高考評卷過程中，閱卷老師是如何評判一份卷子的，閱卷人最注重的是什么，是每個(gè)高考考生迫切想知道的，筆者將結(jié)合多年的高考閱卷經(jīng)驗(yàn)，告訴大家如何在高

9、考中勝人一籌，在書面表達(dá)上拿到高檔次的分?jǐn)?shù)。 書面表達(dá)在評閱時(shí)遵循語言第一位（語言高級），內(nèi)容第二位（要點(diǎn)齊全），結(jié)構(gòu)第三位（文章分段）的原則，也就是說閱卷老師最注重的是語言，換句話說是亮點(diǎn)，根據(jù)語言使用情況，亮點(diǎn)的多少而定出檔次，所以考生在書面表達(dá)中語言上的亮點(diǎn)是得高分的關(guān)鍵。亮點(diǎn)一共有四種：一、高級詞匯和語法；二、修辭手法；三、有效的連詞；四、名人名言或諺語。首先簡單介紹亮點(diǎn)當(dāng)中至關(guān)重要的高級語法，以及修辭手法當(dāng)中的一些技巧的使用。 肯定不如雙否好修辭的使用在書面表達(dá)中算作很大的亮點(diǎn)，在高中階段很少有學(xué)生會注重修辭的應(yīng)用。雙重否定也是種修辭，而且對于考生來說，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中設(shè)計(jì)

10、雙重否定的句子。例如想表達(dá)“郵遞員天天準(zhǔn)時(shí)到”，如果寫成The postman comes on time every day，就不如變成雙重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就變成了亮點(diǎn)句，起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。“幾乎每個(gè)人對生活的態(tài)度都不同程度受到地震的影響”，寫成雙重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not affected by the earthquake.應(yīng)用類似的修辭會在高考中為考生加分。陳述不如倒裝妙在書面表達(dá)中閱卷老師喜歡看到的高級

11、語法共有五種：倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)，從句，獨(dú)立主格和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，以及虛擬語氣。倒裝是一種最簡單易行的使句子呈現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)的方法。在高中階段只需掌握倒裝的四種形式，足以應(yīng)對書面表達(dá)，如何應(yīng)用倒裝，有很多方法和技巧。 1.否定詞開頭：如果寫出的句子中有否定詞，例如I will never marry you. 不如變成倒裝，用否定詞開頭Never will I marry you. 就算作使用了高級語法。其他的否定詞，如not， seldom， hardly等開頭后面的句子倒裝都是比較好的句子。2.地點(diǎn)狀語開頭：在很多年的高考書面表達(dá)中都有表達(dá)地點(diǎn)的句子，一個(gè)建筑位于什么位置，或什么地方有什么東西，都可以應(yīng)用倒裝。

12、例如在2006年的全國卷中，“圖書館位于學(xué)校的中央”，Our library is in the center of our school.變成倒裝就用地點(diǎn)狀語開頭：In the center of our school lies our library. 其他的例子，想表達(dá)“河岸上有很多花”：On the bank stand some flowers. “天空中繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”：In the sky hang little stars. 總之在想表達(dá)地點(diǎn)時(shí)就把地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首后面主謂倒裝。這樣做的好處之一是倒裝本身就是高級結(jié)構(gòu)，第二是倒裝后把真正的主語放到了句子的末尾，后面還可以繼續(xù)加從句，使整

13、個(gè)句子再呈現(xiàn)更多的亮點(diǎn)。例如In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building. 3.Only+介詞短語：例如在2007年全國卷中，讓外教幫你找個(gè)筆友，有一句可以表達(dá)成“只有通過這種方式我才能提高英語”，這句話可以寫成Only in this way can I improve my English.其他的例子還有Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy. 4. 形容詞+as+主語+系動詞：例如Youn

14、g as I am， I can manage it； Rich as our country is， we have a lot of problems. 2000年書面表達(dá)中：Badly injured as he was， he managed to take down the cars number. 還有其他的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，“很高興收到的你的來信”：So glad am I to hear from you.在高考中要盡量使用一兩個(gè)倒裝。 主動不如被動巧在近些年的閱卷中，發(fā)現(xiàn)考生在寫作中很少使用被動語態(tài)，也許是受中文思維的影響，幾乎整篇文章都使用主動語態(tài)。其實(shí)在英文中，被動語態(tài)的使用是很

15、重要的。因?yàn)橛⒄Z是一門客觀的語言，而漢語是主觀的語言，具體體現(xiàn)在英語中經(jīng)常用被動語態(tài)，漢語經(jīng)常用主動語態(tài)；英語中經(jīng)常用物稱或形式主語開頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事發(fā)生在什么人身上，而漢語經(jīng)常用人稱開頭強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人發(fā)生了什么事。所以使用被動語態(tài)符合英語的習(xí)慣，如果能將整個(gè)文章中兩個(gè)句子變成被動語態(tài)，就會呈現(xiàn)句型的變化，使整個(gè)文章句型豐富。例如在2006年的高考中，很多學(xué)生在表達(dá)“我們每次可以借五本書最多借十天時(shí)”，都是用：We can borrow five books at most， and we can keep them for ten days.這句話如果寫成：At most five books c

16、an be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days，分?jǐn)?shù)會更高。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)不能少 在前文提到，在書面表達(dá)中老師喜歡看到的高級語法共有五種：倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)，從句，獨(dú)立主格和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，以及虛擬語氣。在所有的高級語法中，閱卷老師最喜歡看到的是獨(dú)立主格和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，其次是剩下的幾項(xiàng)。但很多學(xué)生不知道如何在文章中使用這個(gè)最大的亮點(diǎn)。其實(shí)幾乎所有的狀語從句都可以變成獨(dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)間狀語從句，原因狀語，條件狀語等。例如條件狀語從句：If such is the case， you should apologize to her. 如何變成獨(dú)立

17、主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)呢？學(xué)會下面的口訣，如果你的作文中有狀語從句，馬上可改成獨(dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)最大的亮點(diǎn)。 口訣：一去，二看，三改。一去：去連詞；二看：看主語；三改：改分詞。If such is the case， you should apologize to her.按照這個(gè)口訣來改，第一步，去掉連詞if；第二步，看前后兩句話的主語，前后主語不一致，所以要改成獨(dú)立主格；第三步，改分詞，is 變成分詞是being，所以最后變成Such being the case， you should apologize to her.就變成了獨(dú)立主格。如果前后兩句話主語一致，就變成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，例如2005年

18、高考書面表達(dá)中的一句話Because I am a student， Id like to know the price for students. 改成Being a student， Id like to know the price for students.其他想表達(dá)狀語從句的時(shí)候幾乎都一樣。所以想表達(dá)由于，因?yàn)?，如果等都寫成?dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)會讓閱卷老師多給幾分。 總之，書面表達(dá)重在設(shè)計(jì)，如何設(shè)計(jì)出讓閱卷老師看了眼前一亮的句子，寫出有分詞，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)，修辭的句子，使整篇文章句型豐富，不單一，有效的使用連接成分使文章連貫，方能在高考中拿到高分。II、Paraphrase or tran

19、slate the following sentences by using different phrases or structures.一、句子開頭的變化1.使用非人物主語開頭eg: She began to cry. (Tears) Tears came to her eyes.eg: I like listening to music. (appeal)Music appeals to me. 2.使用非主語成份開頭eg: The boy was kind and honest, and he was elected monitor. （形容詞作狀語）Kind and honest,

20、 the boy was elected monitor.eg: Many experts who come from all over the world are present at the meeting. (形容詞置于句首倒裝)Present at the meeting were many experts who come from all over the world.二、詞語表達(dá)方式的變化1. Ill thank you if you think about my application. (appreciate)I will appreciate it that if you

21、take my application into consideration.2. Well try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us. (spare)Well spare no effort to promote the traditional friendship between us.三、語法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1. We should make efforts to reduce air pollution. （被動語態(tài)）Efforts should be made to reduce air pollution.

22、2. He walked out of the lab and many students followed him. (過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語)He walked out of the lab , followed by many students.He walked out of the lab, with many students following him.3. We all know that parks are public places. （名詞性從句； 定語從句）As we all know, the parks are public places.As is know

23、n to all, the parks are public places.What is known to us is that the parks are public places. It is known to all that the parks are public places.4. With the teachers help, I have made great progress in English. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；虛擬語氣)。Without/ but for the teachers help, I wouldnt have made great progress in E

24、nglish.It is with the teachers help that I have made great progress in English.5. 這個(gè)地方值得參觀。（一句多譯）The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy to be visited.6. 我剛走進(jìn)房間電話鈴就響了。（一句多譯）As soon as I entered the room, my telephone rang

25、.No sooner had I entered the room than my telephone ranHardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when my telephone rang.The moment/minute/instant I entered the room, my telephone rang.Immediately/Directly I entered the room, my telephone rang.On entering the room, I heard my telephone rang.四、主體和客體的變化eg

26、: 這家具花了我500美元。(用不同句型翻譯)I paid 500 for the furniture.I bought the furniture for 500.I spent 500 on the furniture.I spent 500 in buying the furniture.The furniture cost me 500.It cost me 500 to buy the furniture.五、動態(tài)和靜態(tài)的變化1.他們經(jīng)常參加那個(gè)博物館。 （visit; visitors）They are the frequent visitors to visit the muse

27、um.2.他幸福地笑了。 （smile v. n ）A happy smile is on his face.對比觀點(diǎn)作文 (1) 要求論述兩個(gè)對立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人認(rèn)為。 2. 另一些人認(rèn)為。 3. 我的看法。 The topic of -(主題) has aroused public concern. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -(支持A的理由一)What is

28、 more, -理由二). Moreover, -(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),-(理由二). Thirdly (finally),-(理由三). From my point of view, I think -(我的觀點(diǎn)). The reason is that -(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to

29、 explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 解決方法題型要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 1. 問題現(xiàn)狀 2. 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)) In recent days, we have to face a problem-, which is becoming increasingly serious. First, -(說明的現(xiàn)狀).Second, -(舉例進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)狀) Confronted with -, we should take a series of effective measures

30、to cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解決方法一). For another -(解決方法二). Finally, -(解決方法三). Personally, I believe that -(我的解決方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -(帶來的好處). 說明利弊題型這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會單從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測)1. 說明事物現(xiàn)狀

31、2. 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)3. 你對現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides -(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadva

32、ntages is that -(A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)).To make matters worse,-(A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it ac

33、cording to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, -(對前景的預(yù)測).)議論文的框架 (1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型( 選擇型 ) There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文題目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一_. In their view

34、s there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _觀點(diǎn)一_. People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _觀點(diǎn)二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_

35、. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _觀點(diǎn)二_. As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _觀點(diǎn)一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. 聯(lián)合國教科文組織某考察團(tuán)正在我國某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察。假定你是接待人員,請根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言稿的形式簡要介紹這個(gè)村的情況： 1)大?。航?00戶人家，約500口人。 2)變化：過去很窮，78年后變化很大。人們生活比以

36、前好多了?，F(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。 3)教育：原來的學(xué)校很小，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過改建。新建的教學(xué)樓有4層，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有學(xué)齡兒童在此免費(fèi)就讀。 注意：1）要點(diǎn)齊全，前后連貫。2）詞數(shù)：100-120之間。Practice 書面表達(dá)：Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school.This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978. People h

37、ere are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. The school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank

38、you.Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school ! Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school h