融優(yōu)學(xué)堂人工智能(北京大學(xué))章節(jié)測(cè)驗(yàn)答案

1、 PAGE 5 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！人工智能（北京大學(xué)）青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。解憂書店 JieYouBookshop2Part I. B asic.1.【多選題】Select the following true statements regarding the concept of artificial intelligence.A Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. B Artificial intelligence aims to create i

2、ntelligent machines.Artificial intelligence defines itself as the study of human agents.Artificial intelligence is to enable the development of computers that are able to do things normally done by human.Artificial intelligence is to study and construct agent programs that perform well in a given en

3、vironment.正確答案： ABDE 我的答案： A 2.【多選題】Which of the following statements are true to describe strong A I (General A I)? A The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.It defines non-sentient computer

4、intelligence or A I that is focused on one narrow task (just one specific problem).It means a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any problem. 正確答案： AC我的答案： A3.【多選題】Select which of the following ones are research area of artificial intelligence. A D istributed computingE xpert systemSo

5、ftware outsourcing D Machine learningE Image understanding F Face recognition正確答案： BDEF 我的答案： A 4.【多選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Examine some applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to discover which the following tasks can currently be solved by A I.A Playing a decent game of table tennis (Ping-Pong). B Buy

6、ing a weeks worth of groceries at the market. C Buying a weeks worth of groceries on the Web.D Playing the game of Texas H oldem Poker at a competitive level. E Translating spoken E nglish into spoken C hinese in real time. 正確答案： ACDE 我的答案： A5.【多選題】Select the following computer systems which are ins

7、tances of artificial intelligence. A Supermarket bar code scannersWeb search enginesVoice-activated telephone menus D Intelligent personal assistant E Robot正確答案： BDE我的答案： A 6.【單選題】Turing Test is designed to provide a satisfactory operational definition of。A machine intelligenceB human intelligence C

8、 machine actionD human action正確答案：A 我的答案：A 7.【多選題】Which of the following are the foundations of artificial intelligence? A hilosophyH istoryMathematics D MedicineE Economics F Psychology正確答案： ACEF 我的答案： A青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。3Part I. B asic.1.【多選題】A rational agent is one that does the right thing, but what d

9、oes it mean to do the right thing? C onsidering the consequences of the agents behavior, select the following true statements regarding the concept of right thing.A An agent in an environment generates a sequence of actions according to the percepts.This sequence of actions causes the environment to

10、 go through a sequence of states.If the sequence is desirable, then the agent has performed well.But if the sequence is undesirable, then the agent destroys the environment. 正確答案： ABC我的答案： A2.【多選題】Thinking the differences between agent functions and agent programs, select correct statements from fol

11、lowing ones.A There be more than one agent program that implements a given agent function. B There are agent functions that cannot be implemented by any agent program.G iven a fixed machine architecture, each agent program implement exactly one agent function.Keeping the agent program fixed but spee

12、ding up the machine, while the environment is static and the agent pays no attention to the speed, the agent function should be changed.正確答案： ABC我的答案： A 3.【多選題】Which of the following statements are true about environment types for intelligent agents?A F ully observable vs. partially observable B Sin

13、gle agent vs. multiagentG od agent vs. bad agentDeterministic vs. stochastic E Episodic vs. sequentialSolid vs. liquidPerfect vs. imperfect正確答案： ABDEG 我的答案： A青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。4.【多選題】Select the following true ways that can be used to represent states for an agent. A AtomicB D istributed C F actoredD Struc

14、tured正確答案： ABCD 我的答案： A 5.【多選題】For the following comparisons, select which approaches are more general and more amenable to scientific development.A Thinking humanlyB Thinking rationally C Acting humanlyD Acting rationally正確答案： BD我的答案： A 6.【多選題】PEAS is a task environment description which stands for

15、: A PerformanceB E nvironment C ActuatorsD Sensors正確答案： ABCD 我的答案： A4Part II. Sear.1.【多選題】Select which of the following search methods are true uninformed search. A SearchBest-first SearchBidirectional search D Breadth-first search E Depth-first search PAGE 6 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。F Depth-l

16、imited search G Greedy SearchH Uniform-cost search正確答案： CDEFH 我的答案： A 2.【多選題】Which of the following items are used to formulate a problem? A E nvironmentB Initial state C G oal stateD Path cost E ActionsActuatorTransition model H Goal test正確答案： BDEGH 我的答案： A 3.【單選題】There are two main kinds of formul

17、ation for 8-queens problem. Which of the following one is the formulation that starts with all 8 queens on the board and moves them around?A Incremental formulationB Complete-state formulation 正確答案：B 我的答案：A4.【多選題】The search strategies that use problem-specific knowledge beyond the definition of the

18、problem itself are known as:A Binary searchB Brute force search C Informed searchD Uninformed search E Heuristic search正確答案： CE我的答案： A 5.【單選題】Let h(n) denote heuristic function and g(n) denote cost, the evaluation function f(n) used by A * search is: PAGE 11 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。A f(n) = h

19、(n)B f(n) = g(n)C (n) = g(n) + h(n)D f(n) = g(n) - h(n) 正確答案：C 我的答案：A 6.【單選題】Let h(n) denote heuristic function and g(n) denote cost, the evaluation function f(n) used by G reedy search isA f(n) = h(n)(n) = g(n)f(n) = g(n) + h(n)f(n) = g(n) - h(n) 正確答案：A 我的答案：A5Part II. Sear.1.【單選題】A genetic algorit

20、hm is a variant of stochastic beam search, in which successor states are generatedA bymodifyinga single state rather than by combining two parent states.B bycombiningtwo parent states rather than by modifying a single state.C bymodifyinga single state and by combining two parent states.正確答案：B 我的答案：A

21、 2.【單選題】Keeping just one node in memory might seem to be an extreme reaction to the problem of memory limitations. Local beam search keeps track of:A k states rather than just one. B m states rather than n states. C just one rather than k states. 正確答案：A 我的答案：A3.【多選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Hill climbing search

22、is sometimes called greedy local search because it grabs a good neighbor state without thinking ahead about where to go next.Unfortunately,it often gets stuck for the three reasons:A HillB Local maxima C MountainD Plateaux E Ridges正確答案： BDE我的答案： A 4.【多選題】Which of the following statements are true ab

23、out Simulated annealing algorithm？ A The inner loop of the simulated annealing algorithm is quite similar to hill climbing.The inner loop of the simulated annealing algorithm is very different from hill climbing.Instead of picking the best move, simulated annealing algorithm picks a random move.Inst

24、ead of picking the random move, simulated annealing algorithm picks a best move.正確答案： AC我的答案： A6Part II. Sear.1.【多選題】Which of the following statements are true about alpha-beta pruning?A Alphabeta pruning is to decrease the number of nodes that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tr

25、ee.Alphabeta pruning is to eliminate large parts that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tree.Alphabeta pruning is to increase the number of nodes that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tree.正確答案： AB我的答案： A 2.【單選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。 describes a situation in which the i

26、nteracting agents aggregate gains and losses can be less than or more than zero.A Computer gameB Non-zero sum game C Two-player gameD Zero sum game正確答案：B 我的答案：A 3.【單選題】Which of the following is a true statement about games? A Adversarial search problems are often known as games. B Classical search p

27、roblems are often known as games.C Heuristic search problems are often known as games. D Local search problems are often known as games.正確答案：A 我的答案：A 4.【多選題】Select the following true statements regarding the concept of minimax rule fora zero sum game.A Each player maximizes the maximum payoff possib

28、le for itself. B Each player minimizes the maximum payoff possible for itself. C Each player maximizes the maximum loss possible for the other. D Each player minimizes the maximum loss possible for the other.正確答案： AC我的答案： A7Part II. Sear.1.【多選題】Select the followingtrue statementsregarding the concep

29、t of Backtrackingsearch.A It chooses valuesfor one variable at a time and backtracks when a variablehasno legal values leftto assign.青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。B It incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons each partial candidate c, as soon as it determines that c cannot possibly be completed

30、to a valid solution.正確答案： AB我的答案： A 2.【多選題】Compare C SP and state-space search, and select correct statements from following ones.A CSP solving system can be faster than state-space search solving system. B CSP solving system can be slower than state-space search solving system. C CSP can quickly el

31、iminate large swatches of the search space.D State-space search can quickly eliminate large swatches of the search space. 正確答案： A C 我的答案： A3.【單選題】Assume that A,B,C,D are variables, the domain of each variable is u, v, w, and != denotes not equal, select which of the following expressions is a binary

32、 constraint on C SP formalism?AB Diff(A, D ) C A+B = CD Alldiff(A, B , C , D ) 正確答案：B 我的答案：A 4.【多選題】Which of the following statements are true types of types of local consistency for constraint propagation?A Arc consistencyB G raph consistency C k-consistencyD Loop consistency E Node consistency F P

33、ath consistency G Tree consistency正確答案： ACEF 我的答案： A 5.【單選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Select the following true one that is used to the state representation for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs).A atomicB D istributed C F actoredD Networked E Molecular F Structured正確答案：C 我的答案：A8Part III. Rea.1.【多選題】Select t

34、he following true statements regarding the concept of semantic network. A It can represent the semantic relations between concepts.It can represent large domains, performance or meta-knowledge very well.It can be represented as a directed or undirected graph, consisting of nodes used to represent co

35、ncepts, and arcs to represent semantic relations between the concepts.It can be used when one has knowledge that is best understood as a set of concepts that are related to one another.正確答案： ACD我的答案： A 2.【多選題】Select which of the following statements are true about ontology.A An ontology is a formal

36、naming and definition of the types, properties, and interrelationships of the entities for a particular domain of discourse.An ontology provides a common vocabulary of an area and define the meaning of the terms and the relationships between them.Ontologies cannot be created to organize information

37、that will be applied to problem solving.Ontologies cannot be divided the types of upper ontology, domain ontology, or hyper ontology.正確答案： AB我的答案： A 3. PAGE 12 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！【單選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Which of the following has been defined with reference to information? A DataB Information C KnowledgeD

38、Wisdom正確答案：C 我的答案：A 4.【單選題】What kind of knowledge will be used to describe how a problem is solved? A Declarative knowledgeDeep knowledgeDynamic knowledgeHeuristic knowledge E Procedural knowledge F Static knowledge正確答案：E 我的答案：A 5.【單選題】Select which of the following approaches are true using first or

39、der logic. A Declarative approachesB Functional approaches C Objective approaches D Procedural approaches正確答案：D 我的答案：A 6.【多選題】The synonyms of Bayesian networks include: A Belief networkCausal networkComputer network D Neural networkE Probabilistic network F Social network正確答案： ABE我的答案： A PAGE 14 / 2

40、1解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。9Part IV. Plan.1.【多選題】Select the following correct features regarding classical planning. A Fully observable in a dynamic environment.Partly observable in a static environment.Keeping a nondeterministic action at a time. D Keeping a deterministic action at a time.One agen

41、t with only one known initial state.Several agents with multiple known initial states. 正確答案： DE我的答案： A2.【單選題】Learned the differences between single-agent problem and multi-agent problem, select a correct one form following descriptions.A Both of multi-effector problem and multi-body problem is a sin

42、gle-agent problem.B Both of multi-effectorproblem and multi-body problemis a multi-agent problem.C Multi-effector problemis a single-agent problem, butmulti-body problem isnot.D Multi-body problem is a multi-agent problem, but multi- effector problem is not.正確答案：A 我的答案：A 3.【多選題】Planners used in real

43、 world for planning and scheduling are more complex, so that select the following correct things which should be extend:A the representation language B the planning algorithmsC the way to interact with environment D the approach used for planning正確答案： AC我的答案： A 4.【多選題】To simulate the flocking behavi

44、or of birds, the rules should consist of A AlignmentC ohesion青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Communication D SeparationE Centralization正確答案： ABD我的答案： A 5.【多選題】Which of the following approaches are used for classical planning? A Boolean satisfiabilityonstraint satisfactionfirst-order logical deduction D planning graphpl

45、an refinementstate-space search正確答案： ABCDEF 我的答案： A 6.【多選題】The characteristics of multi-agent are:A AutonomyB Centralized control C DecentralizationD Global views正確答案： AC我的答案： A10Part V. Learn.1.【單選題】Which statement best describes the task of “classification” in machine learning? A To assign a categ

46、ory to each item.B To find the distribution of inputs in some space. C To group data objects.D To order items according to some criterion. E To predict a real value for each item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：A 我的答案：A2. PAGE 18 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！【單選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Ther

47、e is a set of Web pages identified as interested or uninterested for the user that can be used to solve Web pages filtering problem by machine learning, select which of the following element/feature is the formal definition for those Web pages.A Task (T)B Performance (P) C E xperience (E)正確答案：C 我的答案

48、：A 3.【單選題】Which of the following is used for learned features? A 10B CNN C CVPR D GLOH E HOG F LBP G LESH H OCR正確答案：A 我的答案：A4.【多選題】Select the following true parties regarding the three parties of machine learning. A ConnectionismB Behaviorism C Logicalism D RealismE Subjectivism F Symbolicism正確答案： A

49、BF我的答案： A 5.【多選題】Select the following true algorithms (methods) which have been invented in machine learning?A Abstraction B AdaBoostDecision Tree青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Generalization E PerceptronF Random F orests正確答案： BCEF 我的答案： A 6.【多選題】Select the following true phrases regarding the tasks that have been sol

50、ved by machine learning.A Classification B ClusteringCategoryDissection E Partition F Regression正確答案： ABF我的答案： A 7.【多選題】Select the following true phrases regarding the typical paradigms in machine learning.A Augmented learning B Informal learningMultimedia learningReinforcement learning E Supervised

51、 learningF Unsupervised learning正確答案： DEF我的答案： A11Part V. Learn.1.【單選題】Which statement best describes the task of “classification” in machine learning? A To assign a category to each item.B To find the distribution of inputs in some space. C To group data objects.To order items according to some cri

52、terion.青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。To predict a real value for each item.To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：A 我的答案：A2.【多選題】Which statement best describes the task of “clustering” in machine learning? A To assign a category to each item.B To find the distribution of inputs in some space. C T

53、o group data objects.D To order items according to some criterion. E To predict a real value for each item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案： C我的答案： A3.【單選題】Which statement best describes the task of “regression” in machine learning? A To assign a category to each item.B

54、To find the distribution of inputs in some space. C To group data objects.D To order items according to some criterion. E To predict a real value for each item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：E 我的答案：A4.【單選題】Which statement best describes the task of “dimensionality redu

55、ction” in machine learning?A To assign a category to each item.B To find the distribution of inputs in some space. C To group data objects.D To order items according to some criterion. E To predict a real value for each item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：F 我的答案：A5.【單選

56、題】Which statement best describes the task of “ranking” in machine learning? A To assign a category to each item. PAGE 20 / 21解憂書店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。B Tofind the distribution ofinputs in some space.C Togroup data objects.D Toorder items according tosome criterion.E Topredict a real value foreach

57、item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：D 我的答案：A6.【單選題】Which statement best describes the task of “density estimation” in machine learning?A To assign a category to each item.B Tofind the distribution ofinputs in some space.C Togroup data objects.D Toorder items according

58、tosome criterion.E Topredict a real value foreach item.F To simplify inputs by mapping them into a lower space. 正確答案：B 我的答案：A12Part V. Learn.1.【單選題】Which statement best describes the paradigm of “semi-supervised learning” in machine learning?A It aims to learn some information from one, or only a fe

59、w, training examples. B It aims to learn some information using a limited amount of training examples. C It is a class of supervised learning that also make use of unlabeled data for training.It is able to solve a task despite not having received any training examples of that task.It receives a set

60、of labeled data and makes predictions for all unseen data. F It receives exclusively unlabeled data and makes predictions for all unseen data.正確答案：C 我的答案：C 2.【單選題】青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。Which statement best describes the paradigm of “Supervised learning” in machine learning?A It aims to learn some information