主謂一致高考考點(diǎn)的分析

1、主謂一致高考考點(diǎn)的分析在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律,大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則:即主語為單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。思考：1. Air as well as water matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。2. No one except two servants late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。iswas考點(diǎn)一：單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with, along with, together with, like(像), b

2、ut (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to引導(dǎo) 的短語, 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)思考：1.The poet and writer . 那位詩人兼作家來了。 2.A hammer and a saw useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。has comeare考點(diǎn)二：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整 體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。用and

3、連接的并列主語，如果主語是同一個(gè) 人，同一事,同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。思考：1.Serving the people my greatest happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福. 2. When well go out for an outing . 我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。ishas been decided考點(diǎn)三：不定式(短語), 動(dòng)名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。思考：1.Every boy and every girl to go swimming.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳。 2. No teacher and no studen

4、t absent from the meeting. 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席。 3. Each man and (each) woman asked to help.每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請去幫忙。likeswasis考點(diǎn)四：用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。Each of us something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。has考點(diǎn)五：each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂

5、語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球。 2. More than one student . 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。 3.More persons than one help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。likeswas latecome to考點(diǎn)六：若主語中有more than one 或many a/an， 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍 用單數(shù)。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語 時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。思考：None of us perfect. 人無完人。 N

6、one of this me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。are (is)worries考點(diǎn)七：none 做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)：但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。His clothes good.A pair of glasses on the desk.areis考點(diǎn)八：名詞如：trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of，謂語一般用單數(shù)。考點(diǎn)九：形復(fù)意單名詞如：news，以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics, mathematics, e

7、conomics；國名如：the United States；報(bào)紙名如：the New Times；書名如: Arabian Nights；以及The United Nations等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Only one and a half apples left on the table.is考點(diǎn)十：“a +名詞+and a half”， “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂 語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： One or two places have be

8、en visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。Who your father？ 誰是你父親？Who your parents? 誰是你父母？isare考點(diǎn)十一：who, what, which 等疑問代詞作主語，其主謂一致要根據(jù)觀念一致原則來確定。 二、意義一致原則：The rest of the bikes today. 剩下的自行車今天特價(jià)出售。 60% of the apple eaten by the little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。are on salewas考點(diǎn)一：主語中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做

9、主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù) 數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。A part of the textbooks arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。 A part of the apple eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。havehas been考點(diǎn)二：不定數(shù)量的詞組，如：part of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù)。但 a great quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而如果a great quantity of+可數(shù)名詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)； quantities of

10、+ 名詞構(gòu)成的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a large amount / amounts of + 不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)amount的單復(fù)數(shù)而定；A number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“許多。”，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；The number of + 名詞，表示“。的數(shù)量”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 內(nèi)容 一致內(nèi)容 一致quite a語法一致Fifteen minus five ten. 15減去5等于10。is考點(diǎn)三：加減乘除用單數(shù)。Ten miles a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。is考點(diǎn)四：表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，度量等的名詞做主語時(shí)，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們做為一個(gè)單一 的概

11、念時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The British police only very limited powers. 英國警察只有很有限的權(quán)力。have考點(diǎn)五：有些集體名詞常作復(fù)數(shù)，包括：police， people, cattle 等。有些常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞，如equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage。而有一些既可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體 名詞，包括audience, committee, government, family, class, nation, enemy, group, party, team, public等The rich _ not

12、 always happy. A. is B. has C. have D. areD考點(diǎn)六：“the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。三、就近原則：Here the bus 公共汽車來了。 Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。comesis考點(diǎn)一：由here, there, where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上 一致。Neither the students nor the teacher anything about it. 學(xué)生和

13、老師都不知道這事。 He or you my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。knowshave taken考點(diǎn)二：用連詞or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenDMary is one of those people who pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一

14、。raise特殊考點(diǎn)歸納：1、one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。The (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。The man who wants to see you here.要見你的人在這兒。Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays from the atom.人類現(xiàn)今使用的一些能量來自原子。iscomes特殊考點(diǎn)歸納：2、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which在定語從句中作主語，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的

15、數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。 You, not I, to be praised. 是你不是我要受表揚(yáng)。I, not you, to be blamed. 是我不是你要受責(zé)備。aream特殊考點(diǎn)歸納：一個(gè)肯定的主語和一個(gè)否定的主語，同時(shí)并用，謂語的數(shù)往往依肯定的主語而定。 過關(guān)落實(shí)1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a surv

16、ey”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表時(shí)間，距離， 金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。 答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主語是“the time”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：A 3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used reg

17、ularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此處onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故為復(fù)數(shù)；與now相對(duì)，用過去時(shí)。 答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主語為“大部分對(duì)Smith 夫婦的說法”，看成單數(shù)，謂語 動(dòng)詞用is。 答案：B 5.A poet and a

18、rtist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一個(gè)人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。 答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主語

19、仍為the father，單數(shù)形式；as well as his three children作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：C 7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母(序數(shù)詞形式)加s；主語 為land，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：C8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air p

20、ollution，but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù) 同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 答案：C 9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have

21、D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large quantity of不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：B10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有the only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：D 11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty pe

22、rcent of its population _ peasants. A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：A12.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow. A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主語是Grey，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；leave for sp.，動(dòng)身去某地。 答案：B 13.

23、Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原則，因your elder brother為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。 答案：C14.30% of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat. A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：句中主語分別為the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“

24、牛/余下的?！?，是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：A 15.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China. A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：the writer and actor指一個(gè)人(既是作家也是演員)， 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。 答案：C 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上做主語的單數(shù)名詞用and連接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends.但若表示一個(gè)集合體時(shí)則用單數(shù)。A singer and dancer _ (be) present at

25、the party.The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students.Bread and butter _ (taste) good.(a needle and thread,a horse and cart,a watch and chain,a coat and tie,truth and honesty,medical help and cure)arewasistastes2用 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若被 no, each, every, many a 修飾，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。No bird and no beast _ (be)

26、 seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment.At Christmas each boy and each girl _(be) given a present.ishasis3兩個(gè)主語由not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與第二個(gè)主語保持一致Either he or I _ (be) to go there._ (be) either you or he going to attend the

27、meeting?amAre4.主語后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，謂語應(yīng)于前面主語保持一致A professor, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.wasis5一些集合名詞做主語，如果看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)如audience, committee，class(班級(jí)),

28、crew（全體船員或機(jī)組人員), family, government, public(公眾)等，但people, police, cattle等只能用復(fù)數(shù)My family _ (be) a big family.My family _ (be) listening to the radio.The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.isareare6.通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞 有些集體名詞，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),)等，通常作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例如：Domestic cattle

29、_(provide) us with milk, beef and vide7.通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞 有一些集體名詞，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可數(shù)名詞，隨后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.hasis8表示時(shí)間、重量、長度等名詞，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但作為一個(gè)整體看，謂語還是用單數(shù)。Five mi

30、nutes _ (be) enough.One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has. isis9. all 作為主語，代表人物時(shí)，一般用作復(fù)數(shù)；代表整個(gè)事件或情況時(shí)，一般 看作單數(shù)。All that I want _ (be) a good dictionary.All _ (be) silent. 人人都緘口無言。萬籟俱寂。All _ (be) out of danger.iswerewere10 形容詞加定冠詞 the 表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 What a life the poor were living! The

31、 young are happy to give their seats to the old.11who, which, that 作定語從句的主語時(shí)，其謂語取決于先行詞。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 12. 以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics(物理學(xué))、math

32、ematics(數(shù)學(xué))、mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué))、politics(政治學(xué))、statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))、economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))、linguistics(語言學(xué)）athlet-ics(體育學(xué))、等，通常作單數(shù)用。例如：13.其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞英語中有一些由兩個(gè)部分組成的物體名稱通常是以-s結(jié)尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(鉗子)，glasses(眼鏡），shorts(短褲)，trousers(褲子)，suspenders(吊褲帶)等。這一類名詞，如果不帶一把、一副、一條等單位詞而單獨(dú)使用，通常作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)

33、數(shù)形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.14.以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands等，盡管帶有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，但系單一政治實(shí)體，故作單數(shù)用。但若不是國名，而是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱、通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如：The West Indies,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas（喜馬拉雅山脈) have a magnific

34、ent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.15.英語中還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，如:arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(內(nèi)容，目錄) fireworks(煙火), goods(貨物), minutes(記錄), morals(道德，品行), remains(遺體), stairs(樓梯), suburbs (郊區(qū)), thanks(謝意), wages(工資)等，通常作復(fù)數(shù)。 16.凡是由-ings結(jié)尾的

35、名詞，如: clippings (剪下來的東西), diggings (掘出的東西), earnings (收入), filings (銼屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (環(huán)境), sweepings (掃攏的垃圾) 等, 通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown(倉庫) have been disposed of.17. 還有一些以-s接的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如: headquarters(總部), means(方法、手段),

36、series(系列), species(種類), works(工廠)等，隨后動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名稱是作單數(shù)，還是用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指揮作戰(zhàn)). Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (訴諸武力).18. remains用于遺體意義時(shí)，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常作復(fù)數(shù)：His remains lie in the churchyard.The martyrs rem

37、ains were buried at the foot of the hill.但作遺跡或剩余物解釋時(shí)，可作復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)用：Here is the remains of a temple.The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.19.如果作主語的名詞詞組由“分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))+of-詞組”構(gòu)成，其動(dòng)詞形式依of-詞組中名詞類別而定。例如：Two thirds of the swland(沼澤地) _ (have) been reclaimed(開墾).Over sixty per cent of the city _ (be) destroyed in the war.Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.has waswere20.如果主語是all of .,some of .,none of .,half o