2022年上海城建職業(yè)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年上海城建職業(yè)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the gr

2、eat influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this pa

3、ragraph is_. A、Main Results of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段提出了一個新的對智力的認識，與過去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的把智力看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成長環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此選擇C。第2題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be k

4、ept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)?！驹敿毥獯稹緼 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔保；C 為投保，給保險；D 安全的，沒有危險的第3題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a sound

5、, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate: witness the responses of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and cha

6、nt nursery rhymes or nonsense syllables, not unlike primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.According to the passage, an adults reaction to rhythm in music

7、 would probably be _. A、uninhibited B、indifferent C、restrained D、responsible【正確答案】C【答案解析】該題的解題依據(jù)在本段結(jié)尾部分“As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm”。作者講：隨著孩子的年齡逐漸增大，大人就會教他們抑制對節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，等他們長大之后，他們對音樂節(jié)奏的反應(yīng)，更可能受到抑制。第4題【單選題】I should have preferred him to_ it in a different

8、way. A、do B、doing C、done D、having done【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查prefer的用法。prefer sb to do sth：寧愿某人做某事。 第5題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alter

9、nate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or

10、prose.According to the passage, which of the following pairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm? A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology book B、Learning a poem and then taking a nap C、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimming D、Solving a math problem and then

11、 solving a chemistry problem【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落的結(jié)尾處講到：在腦力活動方面，我們也同樣是有節(jié)奏的，因為我們在高度集中精力一段時間以后，必須讓腦子有一個松弛的階段(“we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration”)。根據(jù)這個信息，A、D項內(nèi)容都是高度集中的腦力活動，與原文內(nèi)容恰好相反；B項內(nèi)容是學習詩歌與小睡一會，正好符合原文，一張一弛。而C項內(nèi)容又全是不費腦力的活動，也不符合原文。第6題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】You cant change your energy

12、 cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you hav

13、e an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _. A、change his energy cycle B、overcome his laziness C、get up

14、 earlier than usual D、go to bed earlier【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題要求讀者找出本段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開頭兩句的意思，作出正確判斷。本段開頭說，“雖然你無法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認為經(jīng)常性的行為(對你的能量周期)能起作用?！弊詈髢删溆终f，“rise before your usual hourwork better at your low point”(“如果你在上午處于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么你就要比平時早起。這并不改變你的周期，但你可以在低潮時得到能量，工作得更好?！?因

15、此選項C是正確答案。第7題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Many researchers，whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels（分貝）. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.According to the passage, what will scientis

16、ts most probably do in the future? A、They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution. B、They will protect animals from harmful noises. C、They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels. D、They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.【正確答案】B【答案解析】They will protect animals from harmful noises.

17、 本段的最后一句話是答案的出處。第8題【單選題】【2010.04】Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five _ stages. A、moderate B、initial C、distinct D、advanced【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】專家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的睡眠可以分為五個不同的階段?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞匯。【詳細解答】形容詞的詞義選取。第9題【單選題】【2009.10】There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower th

18、eir _ prices. A、normal B、general C、ordinary D、usual【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。整句話的意思為：這個季節(jié)有很多促銷活動，在此期間商店都會降低商品的原價。A 正常的、平常的 B 普通的、一般的 C 普通的 D 尋常的、通常的第10題【單選題】【填句補文】Its now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possi

19、ble for them to maintain a one-person household. _. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often. A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays. B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone. C、It

20、seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream. D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正確答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到“經(jīng)濟獨立”有可能造成保持一個人的家庭生活，B中的“婦女有好的工作，增加了獨身的人數(shù)”與前句內(nèi)容正好呼應(yīng)。第11題【單選題】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names

21、 were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability（不可預(yù)知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist（性別歧視的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using males and females

22、names for hurricanes is _. A、the timely（及時的）discovery B、its uncertainty C、sex equality D、its connection with humans【正確答案】C【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female）names作為答案線索詞）中最后一句判斷答案為C（與性別有關(guān)）。第12題【單選題】【完成句子】Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japa

23、nese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another per

24、son. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.The topic sentence of this paragraph is_. A、Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. B、Many American me

25、n open doors for women; Japanese men do not. C、The way of behaving that differs from country to country. D、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to.【正確答案】C【答案解析】文章的最后一句話是對前面的一個總結(jié)，道出了本段的主題。因此選擇C。第13題【單選題】 We have to stop talking here outside. Li

26、sten, _! Hurry up, or well be late. A、There goes the bell B、There does the bell go C、There the bell goes D、Goes the bell there【正確答案】A【答案解析】在以here, there, up, down, in, on, out, away, off等副詞開頭的句子里，主語是名詞時，句子主謂全部倒裝，以示強調(diào)。但主語是人稱代詞時，不倒裝。第14題【單選題】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some f

27、aculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks，then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently an

28、d the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obviousIntelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types o

29、f secondary educationIt was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. A、born to be more intelligent or less intelligent B、taught to be more intelligent C、that intelligence was something a baby was born with D、and because of t

30、he lack of communication with his classmates【正確答案】C【答案解析】空格處需要真正的主語（It是形式主語），因此根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷C 是答案。該句大意是“人們曾經(jīng)一度相信，智力是一個孩子天生所具有的，因為我們可以根據(jù)他/她的智力水平判斷他/她在將來是否會取得成功。第15題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Acad

31、emy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated

32、. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.An important influence in early ballet was_. A、Balanchine B、Marie Antoinette C、Diaghilev D、Louis XIV【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選D。細節(jié)題。對照原文It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV o

33、f France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. 這里出現(xiàn)的時間1600s在原文中是比較早的，提到的人物是King Louis XIV，選D。第16題【單選題】He _ his poor judgment _ Jet Lag A、blamed . for B、blamed . to C、blamed . on D、blamed . at【正確答案】C【答案解析】此題考查固定詞組blame sth. on sb.把.怪到.頭上。第17題【單選題】【填句補文】Posture. A good posture

34、 makes you feel better about yourself. _. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. A、If you are feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. B、Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using bo

35、dy movements or gestures. C、Body language differs from culture to culture. D、If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段講的是身體姿勢。填充句后一個句子提到“this”會使呼吸更加困難，this顯然指的是一種不太好的身體姿勢，因此本題答案為A。第18題【單選題】【2008.04】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、i

36、nterruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。 A. 打擾、中；斷 B. 動機、誘因； C. 評估、評價； D. 目的地、終點。整句話的意思是：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個很強的動機可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。第19題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high wa

37、ter. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Q: Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本題的意思是：救援車輛費了很大勁才把人救出來。此句的意思在最后一句提到了，故選A。第20題【單選題】【填句補文】David Guterson and his wife

38、 teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school: _. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears （北極熊）, and winter tourism

39、. A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. A、Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values. B、Learning starts with the ch

40、ildrens interests and questions. C、Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. D、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.【正確答案】B【答案解析】此空要填的是home-schoolers與其他孩子學習的不同點，因此選B。第

41、21題【單選題】The book fair has received a positive _ from readers. A、result B、response C、settlement D、solution【正確答案】B【答案解析】題目意思：書市受到讀者的積極的反響。本題是詞義選擇題。A 結(jié)果，效果 B 反應(yīng)，回答 C 解決，協(xié)議 D 解決，解答 第22題【單選題】【2009.04】Ive got the order from the boss that the work _ finished before 5 p.m. today. A、would be B、be C、will have

42、 been D、could be【正確答案】B【答案解析】譯文：我已經(jīng)從老板那得到指令，這項工作在今天下午五點鐘之前要完成。試題分析：本題考查名詞從句中的虛擬語氣。詳細解答：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明order的內(nèi)容。同時從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用should+動詞原形的形式，should 可以省略。第23題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans i

43、s still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because_. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict die

44、t. C、the effect is not known. D、genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題答案可從本段的最后一句話中找出。第24題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon; but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the

45、 earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,

46、 or the earth, or the sun.We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter because A、it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its own. B、its pull is so small that we tend to ignore it. C、its pull disappears in the presence of the earths gravitation. D、it tends to melt and loses its

47、 gravitational pull.【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題定位詞是not feelpacket of butter，找到原文中A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the earth, or the sun.所以答案是B。C項錯在disappear。第25題【單選題】Imports will be allowed in proportion

48、_ exports. A、to B、for C、out D、of【正確答案】A【答案解析】in proportion to：按的比例，與成正比。第26題【單選題】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of

49、 some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literature B、Origins of Science Fiction C、The Theme of Science Fiction D、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正確答案】B【答案解析】從第一段話可以看出這段

50、文字介紹了科普小說的起源。因此選擇B。第27題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse.Q: When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確

51、答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。題中說鼠標臟了，就得換用新的。這一說法與原文不符。原文說的是鼠標臟了，可以擦干凈再用。it has to be replaced with a new one 與 you have to clean your mouse 不符。所以選B。第28題【單選題】【2009.7】An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work _. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D、responsibly【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查副詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】如果一

52、個員工做工作總是認真負責，他就是完全可信賴的?！驹敿毥獯稹緼 親自地; B 幾乎不; C 個別地; D 可靠地第29題【單選題】【2007.04】The volleyball match was televised _ on CCTV. A、alive B、life C、live D、lively【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查live的形似詞辨析。live可以作副詞，意思是：實況轉(zhuǎn)播地。符合句意。 第30題【單選題】【2010.04】In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up wi

53、th B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語辨析?！咀g文】為了跟隨時尚，這個女孩不得不忍受極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with：和.保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。第31題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】During these past few years I used Associated Content to try writing. I found writing for that site was not my cup

54、 of tea. However, my experience there was positive as I was rewarded with even more learning opportunities just by dipping my toes into the water. Through Associated Content I was introduced to the world of blogging. I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself. Now Im interested in blogging and c

55、ontinue to work as a writer. What is the authors purpose of using the site Associated Content? A、To write for the site Yahoo! Contributor Network. B、To know more about other writers. C、To have one of his articles published. D、To become a network writer.【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選D。根據(jù)本段的I decided to learn how t

56、o set up a blog myself. Now Im interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer確定D答案。A選項是作者偶然獲得的結(jié)果，并非剛開始寫作時的目的，可排除；B選項不是作者的目的；C選項是作者兩年前已經(jīng)取得的成果，無需再定為自己目標。第32題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze（分析） the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their

57、own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect（建筑師）who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed th

58、is program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions f

59、or the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom _. A、to find out kids creative ideas B、to discuss with the teacher C、to give children lectures D、to help kids with their program【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段中的 With the aid of an architect who

60、 visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案為D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。第33題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a littl