Unitone語言點（基礎(chǔ)教育）

1、Unit OneSome Strategies for Learning English1陽山書屋Global analysis What type is the text? A narration B description C exposition D argumentation What pattern is the text organized in? A problem-solution B cause-effect C general-specific D time / sequence記敘文 a story描述文 a picture說明文 a lecture議論文 a debat

2、e問題-解決因果總-分時間 / 順序2陽山書屋Stylistic Features: expository writingSteps of Creating an Exposition to raise aquestionor phenomenonto analyze the question/provide supporting evidenceto solve the problem /draw a conclusion.Learning English is a difficult task but learning strategies help make the task easie

3、r.Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way.Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things.Listen to English every day.Seize opportunities to speak.Read widely.Write regularly. Language learning is a process of accumulation, which involves long-term efforts and practice.3陽山書屋Language PointsS

4、ome Strategies for Learning English Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task e

5、asier. Here are some of them.學(xué)習(xí)英語絕非易事。它需要刻苦和長期努力。雖然不經(jīng)過持續(xù)的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英語，然而還是有各種有用的學(xué)習(xí)策略可以用來使這一任務(wù)變得容易一些。以下便是其中的幾種。4陽山書屋Language Points1.Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you

6、are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active

7、words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary. 5陽山書屋Language Points2.

8、Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “I am interested in English”, but “I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “l(fā)earn the news or secret”, but “l(fā)earn of someones success or arrival”? These are all examples

9、of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.2密切注意地道的表達方式。你可曾納悶過，為什么我們說我對英語感興趣是Im interested in English，而說我精于法語則是Im good at French？你可曾問過自己，為什么以英語為母語的人說獲悉消息或秘密是learn the news or secre

10、t，而獲悉某人的成功或到來卻是learn of someones success or arrival？這些都是慣用法的例子。在學(xué)習(xí)英語時，你不僅必須注意詞義，還必須注意以英語為母語的人在日常生活中如何使用它。6陽山書屋3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes espec

11、ially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over an

12、d over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more. Language Points7陽山書屋Language Points 4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking

13、 the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in

14、any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. 8陽山書屋Language Points After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend t

15、hat all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English. 5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because in our learning environment, reading is the main and most reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find

16、interesting, that you can understand without relying too much on a dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.9陽山書屋Language Points6.Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practi

17、ce what you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write reg

18、ularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news. Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.10陽山書屋Sentence st

19、udy (Para.3):Para.3: If you cram your head be crowded out.Translate the sentence into Chinese. What you need to do is to they occur in everyday use. Translate the sentence into Chinese.如果你一下子把太多的生詞塞進頭腦，必定有一些生詞會被擠出來。你需要做的是根據(jù)生詞日常使用的頻率以不同的方式對待它們。11陽山書屋Sentence study (Para.3):Analyze the structure of th

20、e sentence What does the author mean by “a nodding acquaintance”? what you need to do 是一個名詞短語作主語，to deal with 是動詞不定式作表語。what 可引導(dǎo)類似的名詞短語。例如:Your health is what we really care about.This phrase is used as a metaphor(隱喻). An acquaintance refers to someone we know slightly but who is not a close friend.

21、 So we only nod as a greeting when we see him or her. This interpersonal relationship is used to interpret the attitude we should hold to words that do not often occur in everyday situations.12陽山書屋Sentence study (Para.4):Analyze the structure of the sentence.while引導(dǎo)的兩個并列的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系從句直到 memory結(jié)，與隨后的主句構(gòu)成對比，

22、從而對比了對待兩類詞匯的不同方式。while作為連詞意思有：與此同時，然而，雖等。本句中while可譯為“然而”。13陽山書屋Para.4 In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.Sentence study (Para.4): 14陽山書屋Sentence study (Para.4): Translate the sentence into Chi

23、nese. Analyze the structure of the sentence 在學(xué)習(xí)英語時，你不僅必須注意詞義，還必須注意以英語為母語的人在日常生活中如何使用它。本句用not onlybut also 連接了兩個并列的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞短語的賓語，第二個結(jié)構(gòu)中存在一個定語從句the way in which native speakers use it in their daily lives，原文中省略了in which。15陽山書屋Sentence study (Para.6): Para.6It is true that there are few situations prac

24、tice speaking the language. Translate the sentence into Chinese.Analyze the structure of the sentence. 的確，在學(xué)校里必須用英語進行交流的場合并不多，但你還是可以找到練習(xí)講英語的機會。It is truebut 建立的是讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，語氣上比單純由although/though 或 but引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句強烈一些。16陽山書屋Sentence study (Para.8-9): Para.89It pays to absorb through speaking and writing.

25、What can be inferred from the sentence?Translate the sentence into Chinese. Reading and listening provide language learners with language input and speaking and writing make it possible for them to make language output.從讀和聽中盡量多吸收，然后再試著把學(xué)到的東西通過說和寫加以運用，定會大有收益。17陽山書屋Word Study:1).by no means: not at al

26、l e.g.: I am by no means satisfied with my present performance. by means of 以 ，借著by no means/not by any means/by no manner of means 決不，一點也不by all/ every means 無論如何, 務(wù)必18陽山書屋Word Study:2) prolong: 延長；拖延，延期 eg. prolong ones lifeHe asked her another question just to prolong the conversation.他又問了她一個問題，僅

27、僅是為了延長談話時間。 prolonged: adj. (過去分詞作形容詞)continuing for a long period of timeEg. After prolonged questioning, she finally confessed.她受到長時間的盤問之后,終于承認了. 19陽山書屋Word Study:2) nevertheless: ad. 仍然,不過,然而 eg. She was angry; nevertheless, she listened to me. 她很生氣,但還是聽了我的話。 We cant act on your advice. Neverthel

28、ess, thank you for giving it. 我們不能照你的建議去辦。不過承蒙您提出來,十分感謝。20陽山書屋Word Study:While: （conj. ） although雖然，盡管 eg. While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 雖然我喜歡這頂帽子的顏色,但我不喜歡它的形狀。While we show deep sympathy for Liu Xiang, we are quite disappointed. Although we show deep sympathy for Liu X

29、iang, we are quite disappointed.雖然我們對劉翔表示同情，但我們還是十分失望。21陽山書屋Word Study:2) gain a good/ bad command of : a good command of: knowledge of or the ability to use sth. “熟練掌握，精通”eg. 他精通英語。He has a good command of English. It takes a lot of skills to obtain a good job offer, including a good command of exp

30、ressing yourself.獲得職位需要很多技巧，包括良好的表達能力。 22陽山書屋Word Study:2). employ: vt. a. pay someone to work for you b. use a particular object, method, skill, etc. in order to achieve somethinge.g. She employs her time wisely. 她善于利用時間。CF: employ, hire & engage 這三個詞都是動詞，都有“雇用”之意。23陽山書屋Word Study:employ表示支付薪水，較長期、

31、固定地雇用某人。 e.g. Hotels employ more women than men.hire表示支付一定錢額，雇用某人短期從事某項工作。 e.g. I hired a bricklayer to build a wall on the balcony. engage表示任命、安排某人從事某項工作。 e.g. The boss has engaged a new secretary. 24陽山書屋Word Study:3).complain: vi. express dissatisfaction, unhappiness, annoyance or painPattern: com

32、plain (to sb.) about/of sb./sth. e.g.I want to complain of your son s behavior. 我想說說你兒子的行為。4). memorize: vt. commit to memory; learn by heartCF: memorize, remember, recall & remind 這四個詞都是動詞，均有“記憶，記住，回憶”之意。25陽山書屋Word Study:memorize指有意識的下功夫把某事的整個細節(jié)都記在腦子。 Dont write down your PIN number, memorize it.re

33、member表示記得，多指無意識地回憶起往事。 He remembers every detail of that occurrence as though it happened yesterday.recall指想方設(shè)法回憶已經(jīng)遺忘之事。例如： I seem to recall Ive met him before somewhere. remind指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。例如：If I forget, please remind me. 26陽山書屋Word Study:2) be at fault: to be blame 有責(zé)任，有過錯, 出毛病Eg. My me

34、mory is at fault. 我想不起來了。我完全錯了。I am quite at fault.When a marriage broke up, it is hard to say who is at fault.當(dāng)一段婚姻破裂時，很難說是誰的錯。27陽山書屋Word Study:2) be bound to: be sure to 肯定，注定, 一定會, Eg. She would be bound to like it! 她一定喜歡.You are bound to succeed if you learn more useful sentence patterns. 如果你學(xué)習(xí)更

35、多實用句型，你將成功征服英語！The earths climate is bound to change significantly in the future！全球氣候必將發(fā)生顯著的變化！ 28陽山書屋Word Study:2) be crowded out/ in: 擠出/進，將排擠出/進Eg. When the performance was over, the people crowded out.演出結(jié)束后, 人們涌了出來。我們被一些足球迷擠進足球場。We were crowded into the football ground by some football fans.The

36、big firms tried to crowd our small business out of the market.那些大公司試圖把我們的小商店排擠出市場。29陽山書屋Word Study:2) occur: happen, appear 發(fā)生; 被想起,浮現(xiàn)Eg. Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. 這一地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震。我想到一個極好的主意。A brilliant idea occurred to me. It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也沒有想到他會遇

37、上麻煩。*It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事30陽山書屋Word Study:5)constant: a. happening regularly or all the timee.g. There is a constant stream of visitors to the house.b. staying the samee.g. The truck was travelling at a fairly constant speed.c. Loyale.g. He is a constant friend.6)occur:It occurs to sb

38、 to do sth. 某人想到做某事31陽山書屋Word Study:7) commit:a. do sth. wrong or illegale.g. Women commits fewer crimes than men.b. say that sb. will definitely do sth. or must do sth.e.g. He didnt commit himself to anything. 他沒有作任何承諾。 c. give.to sb. or sth. to take care ofe.g. The boy was committed to the care of

39、 his aunt. 這個孩子被交給他的姑媽照顧。32陽山書屋Word Study:commit a crime/error/fault/murder/suicide犯罪/犯錯誤/犯錯/犯謀殺罪/自殺commit sb. to doing sth. 承諾做某事commit oneself to sth. 致力于8）acquaintance:a. somebody you know a littlee.g. We are only casual acquaintances.我們只是泛泛之交。b. Knowledge of sb. or sth.e.g. I have no acquaintanc

40、e with this book.我不熟悉這本書。33陽山書屋Word Study:9).route: n. a particular way or direction between places route, course, pass & passage 這幾個詞都是名詞，都有“路”之意。route指路線、路程，尤指長距離的旅行路線或固定線路。course 指所經(jīng)之路或方向。pass 指山間隘路、山口。passage 指過道、走廊或通道。34陽山書屋Word Study:2) watch out for: look out for; be on (ones) mind against 當(dāng)心

41、，留意Eg.What problems should I watch out for when buying an old house?買房的時候我要留意哪些問題呢？Watch out for the spy s wiretapping(竊聽器) when you have the meeting. 35陽山書屋Word Study:2) idiomatic: adj. containing expressions that are natural to a native speaker of a language 慣用的, 地道的,通順的Eg. She speaks fluent and i

42、diomatic English.她講一口流利地道的英語。idiom n.習(xí)語; 成語; 慣用語Eg. To pull ones leg is an idiom. to pull ones leg(同某人開玩笑)是慣用語。 36陽山書屋Word Study:2) on a regular basis: On a basis: 以某種方式地 on a regular basis 經(jīng)常，定期 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周Eg.He will visit Eastern Asia on a regular basis. 也因此，他將會定期走訪東亞地區(qū)。These wor

43、kers are paid on a daily basis. 這些工人按天領(lǐng)薪。37陽山書屋Word Study:10). in addition to: used to add another piece of information to what has just been saidin addition to表示“除之外”，后接具體事物in addition 在句中作狀語，表示“此外”。 eg. We met some friends and other people in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a sec

44、ond foreign language.38陽山書屋Word Study:2) catch: understand 理解，領(lǐng)會 eg. Sorry, I didnt quite catch what you said. 對不起, 我沒聽清你的話. Collocation: be caught in 陷入 get caught up in 卷入 catch (sb.) doing (sth.) 撞見某人在做某事 catch sb. red-handed 當(dāng)場抓住某人 catch sight of 當(dāng)場抓住某人 catch sb.s eye 引人注目 catch up 追上 39陽山書屋Word

45、 Study:2) seek out: look for ; try to find someone or something, especially when this is difficult 找出Eg. He sought out his friend in the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的朋友。Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe.對于本地企業(yè)來說，現(xiàn)在正是時機到歐洲尋求商業(yè)機遇。 40陽山書屋Word Study:2) feel free to do

46、sth.: dont worry about doing sth. 做某事不拘束，自由做某事Eg. Please feel free to ask me anything concerning me. 有關(guān)我個人的事，請隨便問吧。 請別客氣，盡管打電話給我.Feel free to call me.請盡管隨時來訪。Please feel free to visit anytime. 41陽山書屋Word Study:2) make a purchase: buy sth. 買件東西purchase: (n.) buying, the act of buyingpurchase and sale

47、 買賣Eg. Most adult Internet shoppers make purchases from home.大多數(shù)網(wǎng)購的成年人都是在家進行購物的。The restaurant makes a purchase of cooking oil once a week.這家餐館每周購買一次烹飪油。42陽山書屋Word Study:11).rely: vi. trust or depend on (sb. or sth.)Pattern: rely on/upon (sb./sth.) for/to do (sth.) e.g.:I knew I could rely on David

48、to look after my parents.12).apart from: as well as, besidesCF: besides, except, except for & apart from這幾個詞和短語都有“除之外”的意思。besides表示“除了還有”。 Besides Li Ming, there are many other students attending the meeting.43陽山書屋Word Study: except表示“除去，不包括”。例如： He goes to work everyday except Sunday. except for表示“

49、除以外”，指對某種基本情況進行具體的細節(jié)方面的修正。 Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. apart from表示“除外”，它既可以表示besides的意思，也可以表示except 或except for 的意思。44陽山書屋Word Study:2) accumulation: n. 積累；積攢Her only interest was the accumulation of money.她唯一的興趣是攢錢。An accumulation of work is waiting to be done. 一堆積下的工作等

50、著要做。 accumulate v. 積累, 積聚 Snow accumulated on the ground.地上積了一層雪。Dust had accumulated during her absence. 她不在時灰塵積了起來。 45陽山書屋Word Study:2) pay: be advantageous or profitable to (sb) 對（某人）有利或有好處 It pays to do sth. 是值得的/ 有用的/ 有報酬的 eg. It pays to exercise 鍛煉身體有益健康 It pays to work hard. 努力會有回報的46陽山書屋Usef

51、ul Expressions:1. 一點也不，絕非 2. 長期努力 3. 精通英語 4. 有過錯，有責(zé)任 5. 被擠出來 6. 對待 7. 把記住 8. 提防，戒備 9. 經(jīng)常 10. 提高你的聽力by no meansprolonged effortgain a good command of Englishbe at faultbe crowded outdeal withcommitto memorywatch out foron a regular basisimprove your ear47陽山書屋Useful Expressions:11. 除之外 12. 反復(fù)地 13.找出 14. 隨意交談 15. 例如 16. 詳細地 17. 購物 18. 表演出來 19. 大有收益 20. 把加以運用in addition to / apart fromover and over againseek outfeel free to talkfor