中考英語(yǔ)冠詞用法詳解

1、中考英語(yǔ)冠詞的用法一冠詞的用法口訣名詞有兩“冠”，定冠不定冠；（修飾限制名詞的有定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種）定冠就是The，不定a和an。（定冠詞就是The，不定冠詞就是a和an）先分特泛指， 確定大路線。（首先區(qū)分并確定名詞為特指還是泛指）泛指不定無(wú)， 特指the定冠。（泛指用不定冠詞或不用冠詞， 特指用定冠詞the）泛指可數(shù)單， 須用a或an；（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表泛指時(shí)，用不定冠詞a或an）輔音前用a, an在元音前；（讀音為輔音時(shí)用a，讀音為元音時(shí)用an） 復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)， 泛指不用冠；（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，表泛指時(shí)不用冠詞）前有代詞限， 冠詞不再見。（名詞前已經(jīng)有代詞時(shí)，也就不再需要冠詞）二定

2、冠詞用法口訣特指雙知上文提，獨(dú)一無(wú)二普變專；方位順序最高級(jí)，賽項(xiàng)樂(lè)器影劇院；姓氏復(fù)數(shù)一家人，形容詞前可數(shù)單；群島河山江湖海，沙漠海峽和海灣。階級(jí)黨派國(guó)全名，組織團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān)。會(huì)議條約和報(bào)刊，習(xí)語(yǔ)船號(hào)擊中臉。連續(xù)應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，朝代年代按天算。三、零冠詞用法口訣下列情況可免冠，名詞之前代詞限；專有名詞不可數(shù)，學(xué)科球棋三餐飯；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，星月節(jié)日四季前；顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，習(xí)語(yǔ)稱呼及頭銜?！驹斀狻恳还谠~概述冠詞，是用來(lái)表示名詞特性的一種詞，它表示名詞可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)、“任何一個(gè)”還是“特定的一個(gè)”等等。也就是說(shuō)，冠詞與名詞是緊密連在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么詞，都變

3、成了名詞。所以，冠詞就是放在名詞前面的一種詞。冠詞分為不定冠詞a/ an和定冠詞the，在具體使用時(shí)可分為用不定冠詞、定冠詞和不用冠詞三種情況。它的基本用法我們可以用以下口訣來(lái)記憶： 泛指用a/ an，單數(shù)可數(shù)；特指用the，不特不the。 注（1）泛指用a/ an，單數(shù)可數(shù)泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要用a/ an。 （2）特指用the如果是特指，那么無(wú)論是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前均要用the。（3）不特不the不特指則不用the，包括泛指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前用a/ an，泛指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不用冠詞，泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前也不用冠詞三種情況。 我們可以將冠詞與名詞的搭配情況總結(jié)列表如下： 冠詞單數(shù)

4、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞a/anbook（泛指）thebook（特指）books（特指）bread（特指）不用冠詞books（泛指）bread（泛指）二用不定冠詞的情況【何時(shí)用a何時(shí)用an】單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用到不定冠詞a/ an時(shí)，一定要根據(jù)它后面單詞的首音素來(lái)判斷。a接以輔音音素開頭的單詞或字母，an接以元音音素開頭的單詞或字母。如：a book，a Japanese car；an egg，an English book；a useful book，a European country，a university；an hour（h不發(fā)音），an honest girl；an uncorr

5、ected mistake； a “u”（字母u的首音素為j），an “s”（字母s的首音素為e）an “l(fā)”， an “m”， an “n”A little boy wrote a “u” and an “m” on the wall. Now he is an artist. I have known him since he was a one-year-old boy.【何時(shí)應(yīng)用不定冠詞】1、表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè)。 通常在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí)用a / an，以表示與其他事物的區(qū)別。I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天給了他一本書。I am re

6、ading an interesting story. 我在讀一本有趣的故事書。I have got a ticket. 我有一張票。There is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵樹。2、用其中的任何一個(gè)，代表他們所屬種類的特性。A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對(duì)人類有用。A dog is a useful animal.狗是有用的動(dòng)物。A bird can fly. 鳥會(huì)飛。A steel worker makes steel. 煉鋼工人煉鋼。3、用在事物的度量單位前, 如時(shí)間、 速度、 價(jià)格等, 表示 每一個(gè)。We

7、often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次圖書館。The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆賣三毛錢一斤。4、用來(lái)泛指某人、某物或地方。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來(lái)找你。I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店買的這件工具。We need a car now. 我們現(xiàn)在需要一輛車。She is ill,so s

8、he has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。5、用于某些特定的詞組。例如：a few 幾個(gè)， a little 有點(diǎn)，等等。She has a few friends in this city. 她在這個(gè)城市中有幾個(gè)朋友。There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有點(diǎn)牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在教室里。三用定冠詞的情況【特指雙知上文提】【特指】特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。一般帶有明確的特征或所屬范圍等限定詞或句子來(lái)修飾名詞

9、。eg：The lady in black is our English teacher.(特指穿黑衣服的那位女士)The boys of Class One often play football in the afternoon.（特指二班的男生）It is not the car we are looking for.這不是我們要找的車。 The news that you heard is true. 你聽到的消息是真的。The water in this well is fit to drink. 這口井里的水能喝。The music of the film is very beau

10、tiful. 這部影片的音樂(lè)很動(dòng)聽。The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不錯(cuò)。Do you know the lady over there? How pretty!This happened in the summer of 1998. (這件事發(fā)生在1998年的夏天。)【雙知】指說(shuō)話人與聽話人雙方心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：go to the cinema 去看電影 ，go to the theatre 去看戲 ，Close the window, please. 請(qǐng)關(guān)上窗。Where is the teacher？ 老師在哪里？When

11、they got off the train, they found their friends waiting on the platform.【上文提】表示上文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.I can see a cat. The cat is Lucy”s. 我能看見一只貓，那只貓是露茜的。He works in a shop. The shop is near his home. 【獨(dú)一無(wú)二普變專】【獨(dú)一無(wú)二】世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的、唯一的東西，eg：The moon，The earth，the sun,

12、 the world，the sky，the winter night等。The earth goes around the sun. 地球圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步?！酒兆儗！坑蓛蓚€(gè)以上普通名詞構(gòu)成并轉(zhuǎn)為專有名詞。e

13、g：the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城，the West Lake西湖，the Peoples Park人民公園，the United Nations聯(lián)合國(guó)，the United States美國(guó)，the USA等。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.【方位順序最高級(jí)】【方位】表示方位的詞，in the east 在東方，in the west 在西方，in the front 在前面， at the back 在后面， in the bottom 在底部，at the top 在頂部， on the right 在右邊， on th

14、e left 在左邊Shanghai is in the east of China. I saw a plane coming from the east.我看見一架飛機(jī)從東方飛來(lái)?！卷樞颉啃驍?shù)詞前用定冠詞，eg：The first。January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)月。 He is the last one to help me. 他不會(huì)來(lái)幫助我的。The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.【最高級(jí)】形容詞的最高級(jí)前面用定冠詞。eg；the m

15、odest。Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 邁克是三個(gè)男孩中最高的一個(gè)?！举愴?xiàng)樂(lè)器影劇院】【賽項(xiàng)】在表示運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目、比賽項(xiàng)目的名詞前必須用the。Did you enter for the high jump or the 400-meter race?【樂(lè)器】樂(lè)器前面用定冠詞，eg：the piano; the guitar The little girl likes to play the violin.小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。【影劇院】影劇院等文藝活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所前需用定冠詞。eg:They are going to the cinema tonig

16、ht. 他們今晚要去影院看電影。The theater was on fire last week. 戲劇院昨天著火了。 【姓氏復(fù)數(shù)一家人】【姓氏復(fù)數(shù)一家人】姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前面用定冠詞，表示一家人。The Browns are watching the match on TV now. The Greens are very kind to us. 格林一家人待我們很好。The Whites like the classic music.懷特一家喜歡古典音樂(lè)。 【形容詞前可數(shù)單】【形容詞前】形容詞前加定冠詞，使其名詞化，表示一類人。其后謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。eg：the rich富人，the wounded

17、傷員，the young年輕人，the old老年人the poor 窮人，the sick 病人，the good 好人，the beautiful 美麗的事物等The wounded were taken into the temple.The young should help the old. He always helps the poor. 他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。 【可數(shù)單】定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示一類人或物。The dog is not too danger.狗不太危險(xiǎn)。The cat is an animal.貓是一種動(dòng)物。The umbrella in the shop is v

18、ery cheap in this season. 這個(gè)季節(jié)商店里的雨傘很便宜?！救簫u河山江湖海，沙漠海峽和海灣】例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River揚(yáng)子江We live near the Yellow River.我們住在黃河邊上。 The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最大的河。 The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。 Which ocean is larger, the Pacific or the Atlantic?【階級(jí)黨派國(guó)全名】

19、【組織團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān)】【階級(jí)黨派】the working class 工人階級(jí) the Chinese Communist Party 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨?！緡?guó)全名】the United States 美國(guó)，the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó)，【會(huì)議條約和報(bào)刊】I am reading the China Daily now.我現(xiàn)在正讀中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)。 Have you got the Evening Paper yet?你拿到晚報(bào)了嗎? The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士報(bào)是一家外國(guó)報(bào)紙。 The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周

20、報(bào)在桌子上放著?！玖?xí)語(yǔ)船號(hào)擊中臉】【習(xí)語(yǔ)】習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配，介詞短語(yǔ)等eg：in the day在白天，in the morning 在早上， in the afternoon 在下午 ，in the evening 在晚上，all the year round 一年到頭 ，on the way to 前往.去的路上 all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時(shí)；by the way順便說(shuō)；do the shopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；in the open air 在戶外，在野外【船號(hào)】是指

21、一些用“號(hào)”等命名的船、艦艇等，例如：泰坦尼克號(hào)，The Titanic?！緭糁心槨俊皳糁心槨边@類表達(dá)，hit sb by the aim，hit sb on the nose，hit sb in the chest，hit on the head等等?！具B續(xù)應(yīng)用比較級(jí)】The harder you study, the better you get the marks.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你取得的成績(jī)就越好?！境甏刺焖恪俊境甏縤n the 1990s【按天算】表示計(jì)量，度量的這類詞用定冠詞，eg：by the day。四. 不用冠詞的情況【名詞之前代詞限】名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的指示代詞（

22、this, that, these, those） 物主代詞（my, your, his, her, our, their）不定代詞（some，any等）以及所有格等限定詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。如：this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。 【專有名詞不可數(shù)】（1）“街名、廣場(chǎng)名、公園名、大學(xué)名”等專有名詞前通常不用冠詞： 1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路 2). Tian An Men Square 天安門廣場(chǎng) 3). Bei Hai Park 北海公園; Hyde Park

23、海德公園 4). Beijing University 北京大學(xué); Zhejiang University 浙江大學(xué) The scientists from the United States live in Ninth Street.（2）泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。 I think water is a kind of food,too. 我認(rèn)為水也是一種食物。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來(lái)柔軟。【學(xué)科球棋三餐飯】（1）學(xué)科、語(yǔ)種：如：Chinese, English, mat

24、hs, physics, history等。Can you speak English or French?你能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)或法語(yǔ)嗎？（2）球棋運(yùn)動(dòng)：如：play basketball/ football等。We are going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午我們要去打籃球。We dont like bridge very much. 我們不太喜歡橋牌。（3）三餐飯：如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper等。I have breakfast at 7 every day.Its time for breakfast. 該吃早

25、飯了。What do you have for lunch? 你午飯吃點(diǎn)什么?I usually go out for a walk after supper(after tea).【復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指】復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞。如： The people in the room are doctors. 房間里的那些人是醫(yī)生。They are teachers.他們是老師。Tigers like meat.老虎喜歡吃肉。【星月節(jié)日四季前】（1）星期：Sunday, February，on Thursday; on Sunday在周日，等We go to school fro

26、m Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。（2）月份：in March在三月。in August; on August 8thToday is the first day of May. 今天是五月的第一天。（3）節(jié)日：Teacher”s Day教師節(jié)；Children”s Day兒童節(jié)；Labour Day 勞動(dòng)節(jié)；New Years Day 新年；元旦；April FoolsDay 愚人節(jié)；National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié)；Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié)；on Womens Day在婦女節(jié)。New Years Day is coming. 新年就要到啦。但我國(guó)

27、的節(jié)日前用定冠詞：the Spring Festival 春節(jié); the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋節(jié)（4）季節(jié)：autumn, summer, winter, spring，in spring在春天。Summer is hot and winter is cold here. 這兒夏天熱冬天冷?！绢伾孛麌?guó)家名】（1）顏色：white, brown Green is my favorite color. （2）地名：Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris Shanghai is in the east of China.（3）國(guó)家名England;

28、 China; Germany; South Africa;Australia等China is a largest country in the world. 中國(guó)是世界上最大的國(guó)家。【習(xí)語(yǔ)稱呼及頭銜】（1）稱呼語(yǔ)、人名：Mum；father；doctor；Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng；（2）職務(wù)頭銜：head；monitor班長(zhǎng)； President Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科學(xué)家The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)

29、人送到李將軍那里。Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.We made him head of our class. ( We elected him monitor.)（3）某些固定詞組(習(xí)語(yǔ)) 中不用冠詞與by連用的交通工具名稱前：by bus乘公共汽車；by car乘汽車；by bike騎/坐自行車；by train乘火車；by air/plane乘飛機(jī)；by sea/ship乘船， He go

30、es to work by bike. 他騎車去上班。She said they would go there by air. 她說(shuō)他們將坐飛機(jī)去那兒。Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飛機(jī)還是坐火車回來(lái)的？“on foot, on horseback”也屬同種情況：Two men on horseback nothing else. 有兩個(gè)人在馬背上，別的一無(wú)所有名詞詞組：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour時(shí)時(shí)刻刻；here and there到處介詞詞組：at h

31、ome在家；in surprise驚奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；for example例如；in class在上課；on show展覽；in bed在床上go短語(yǔ)：go home回家；go to bed上床睡覺(jué)；go to school去上學(xué)；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去購(gòu)物/游泳/劃船/釣魚五、用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to hospita去醫(yī)院看病/go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (不是去看病，而是其他目的)go to sea出海/go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在