2022年初中英語語法知識點總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、一、初中英語語法歸納本文歸納了詞法、八種基本時態(tài)以及三大基本從句，是歷年中考英語必考語法點。（一）詞 法 1. 名詞（1）名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計量，它有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目，來統(tǒng)計，都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an 來表示數(shù)量， 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 要表示 “ 一個 ”這一概念，就須加 a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數(shù)名詞，在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news 等。（2）名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 A

2、.一般情況下加 -s。B.以 s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的加 -es C.以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的改 y 為 i 再加 -es D.以 f， fe 結(jié)尾的，去掉 f 或 fe，變成 v 再加 -es（3）名詞的所有格A. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加 s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s，也要加 s。s 若表示各自所有，如： the workers bike，the Children s ballB. 表示幾個人共有一樣?xùn)|西，只需在最后一個人的名字后加則需在各個名字后 。如： This is Lucy and Licy s room.These are Kates and jack s rooms.C. 如果是通

3、過在詞尾加 s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，只加 。如： the students， the girls blouses(另外：名詞 +of+名詞名詞是有生命的，我們就用s結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的，我們就要用名詞 +of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。)2. 代詞人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞（1）人稱代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱單數(shù) he hi

4、m his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs themselves（2）物主代詞物主代詞的用法：形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個名詞；名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。（3）反身代詞反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種：第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞后加上 self 或selves，第三人稱反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上 self 或 selves.反身代詞的用法： 一種是作賓語，由主語發(fā)出的動作又回到動作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party.

5、 另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語 myself.（4）指示代詞指示代詞的特殊用法：;用來加強語氣。如： I can do it (1)為了避免重復(fù)， 可用 that，those代替前面提到過的名詞， 但是 this，these不可以。(2)this，that 有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。（5）不定代詞 one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等 3. 冠詞（1）不定冠詞 an 用在元音讀音開頭 (不是指元音字母 )的詞前，其余用不定冠詞 a.（2）定冠詞的基本用法 A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。B. 指談話雙方都

6、知道的人或事物前面。C. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。（3）定冠詞的特殊用法 A. 用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。B. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級及only 所修飾的名詞前。C. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。D. 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。E. 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前面，表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。F. 用在樂器名稱前。G. 和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人或事物。（4）名詞前不用冠詞的情況A. 在專有名詞(包括人名、地名、節(jié)日、月份、季節(jié)) 、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前般不用冠詞。但在以Festival 組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。B. 表

7、示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞。D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含 義不同。(sit) at table 就餐 ; sit at the table 坐在桌邊 go to school 去上學(xué) ;go to the school 去那所學(xué)校 ;in hospital 住院;in the hospital 在那個 醫(yī)院里 4. 數(shù)詞（1）數(shù)字的表示三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位 )之間加 and。1，000 以上的數(shù)字，從后向前第三位數(shù)加一個“，”，第一個 “，”前為 tho

8、usand，第二個 “，”前為 million ，第三個 “，” 前為 billion 。（2）序數(shù)詞除了first ，second，third 外，其余都在基數(shù)詞尾加-th 構(gòu)成。（3）分?jǐn)?shù)分子在前， 分母在后，分子用基數(shù)詞， 分母用序數(shù)詞， 當(dāng)分子大于 1 小時，分母序數(shù)詞要變成復(fù)數(shù)。（4）hundreds(thousands，millions)of 5. 形容詞、副詞（1）形容詞的位置A. 形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面，但當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing，anything 時要放在所修飾的不定代詞之后。如：something important，nothing s

9、erious。B. 當(dāng)形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語或表語時，定語或表語要后置。如：We have dug a hole two meters deep.The hole is about two metres deep.（2）形容詞的比較等級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加(e)r，(e)st 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加 more，most 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如：popular more popular most popularimportantmore importantmost important（3）副詞的比較等級單音節(jié)副詞和個別雙音節(jié)副詞通過加-e

10、r，-est 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。絕大多數(shù)副詞借助 more，most 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。（4）少數(shù)形容詞和副詞比較級/最高級的不規(guī)則變化：原級比較級最高級well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest farthest furthest late later latest（5）副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞 the。6. 介詞（1）表示時間的介詞及介詞短語 in, at, on, before，after，till ，since，for, fromto, u

11、ntil ，by，in the middle of ，at the beginning of，at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise，in spring/summer/autumn/winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the tim

12、e of，at the age of（2）表示地點的介詞及介詞短語 in ， at ， into ， to ， on ， beside ， before ， behind ， above ， under ，outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across， off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of ，in the middle of ， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the s

13、ky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one s way home，by the side of 態(tài) 二 . 八 種基 本 時 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 概念 : 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表時間的狀語連用。如： 1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去學(xué)校。 (表經(jīng)常 ) 2) He is always like that . 他總是那樣。 (表狀態(tài) ) 構(gòu)成：

14、 1) 主語 + be (am / are / is ) + 2) 主語 + 實義動詞 /三單動詞 + 2.一般過去時 概念 : 1) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) .常和表示過去的時間狀語連用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一場電影 .2) 也可表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作 .如: He always went to work by bike last week.構(gòu)成 : 1) 主語 + be (was / were ) + 2) 主

15、語 + 實義動詞過去式 +3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時概念 : 表示現(xiàn)在 (說話瞬間 )正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作 .如: He is singing.They are watching TV now.構(gòu)成 : 主語 + 助動詞 be(am/are/is) + 動詞-ing 形式構(gòu)成 .4. 過去進(jìn)行時概念 : 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作有上下文暗示外 ,一般用時間狀語來表示 .如: 1) -What were you doing?-I was jumping.2) -What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?-He was sleeping. 這一

16、特定的過去時間除了構(gòu)成 : 主語 + 助動詞 be(was/were) + 動詞-ing 形式構(gòu)成 . 5. 一般將來時概念 : 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作 ,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用 ,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future 等.如: He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.構(gòu)成 : 1) 主語 + 助動詞 will + 動原 +2) 主語 + be going to + 動原 +

17、.6. 過去將來時 概念 : 表示在過去將來的某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) .構(gòu)成 : 1) 主語 (第一人稱 ) + 助動詞 should + 動原 +2) 主語 + would + 動原 + .3) 主語 + was/ were going to +動原用法 : 過去將來時除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài) .如: 1) I should go.2) You knew I would come.3) They were going to Naning.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成 : 主語 + 助動詞( have / has ) + 動詞過去分詞+用法 例句表示過去發(fā)

18、生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 lunch yet?-Yes, I have. (現(xiàn)在我不餓了 )8. 過去完成時構(gòu)成 : 主語 + 助動詞had + 動詞過去分詞+用法 例句. -Have you had your 表示過去在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作 .它表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是 ”過去的過去 ” .表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構(gòu)成的短語 ,也可用when, before, 等引導(dǎo)的從句或者通過上下文表示 . I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.三 . 三 大基 本 從句從句的

19、共同特點從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)一個成分的句子，充當(dāng)什么成分就叫什么從句，如：充當(dāng)賓語就叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)定語成分就叫定語從句。從以上定義中我們可以得出關(guān)于從句的一個最大特點：從句是句子。從句的共同特點： 1.從句都有自己的連接詞2.從句都是陳述語序 (陳述語序就是主語在前，謂語在后，如： He is a teacher主語 He 在謂語 is 之前，因此是陳述語序，而 Is he a teacher? 主語 He 在謂語 is 之后，因此不是陳述語序。) 1. 賓語從句賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)賓語的句子，如：teacher when he grew up.賓語從句的特點：賓語從句有自己的連

20、接詞 賓語從句用陳述語序 賓語從句的時態(tài)（1）賓語從句的連接詞：賓語從句的連接詞包括 詞。（2）賓語從句的語序：He said that he wanted to be a that、if/whether( 是否 )、特殊疑問A. 賓語從句的連接詞后加陳述語序 come tomorrow(主語在前，謂語在后 ),如：I want to know if he can B. 當(dāng)連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時，后面直接加謂語動詞，如：She asked me who had helped him.（3）賓語從句的時態(tài)，只要記住以下口訣就可以了 觀真理一般現(xiàn) ”“主現(xiàn)則從任，主過則從過，客A. 主現(xiàn)則

21、從任： 主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時， 則從句根據(jù)時間狀語需要從八種時態(tài)中任 選一種，如： 1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般現(xiàn)在時 ) B. 主過則從過：主句如果是一般過去時，則從句根據(jù)時間狀語需要從四種帶“過”字的時態(tài)中任選一種，帶“ 過”字的時態(tài)分別是如：一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。如： He told me that he liked playing football( 一般過去時 ) C. 客觀真理一般現(xiàn) :客觀真理永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： 1.He says the moon goes around the earth.

22、2. 狀語從句（1）時間狀語從句：在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。時間狀語的連接詞：when(當(dāng) 時候 ) while( 當(dāng) 時候 ) as(當(dāng) 時候 ) after(在 以后 ) before(在 以前 ) as soon as(一 就) since(自從 到現(xiàn)在 ) till /until( 直到才) by the time(到 為止)依舊是連接詞后加陳述語序。舉例： when 當(dāng) 的時候 (一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。) Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.（2）原因狀語從句：在一個句子中作原

23、因狀語的句子。連接詞：由連詞 because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由 for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo)。舉例： I didnt go to school yesterda y because I was ill.（3）條件狀語從句：在一個句子中作條件狀語的句子。連接詞： if 如果 , unless (=if not) 除非。 (讓步 )舉例： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.（4）目的、結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)目的狀語的句子。結(jié)果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的句子目的狀語從句連接詞so t

24、hat, so that , in order that that結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞so that, such that, so much/many 引導(dǎo)。舉例： so that 如此 以至于The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.（5）讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子連接詞： though, although.，whether or not舉例： Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 3.no matter 從句結(jié)構(gòu)： no

25、 matter + 特殊疑問詞疑問詞 +陳述語序 或特殊疑問詞 +后綴 ever+陳述語序如： No matter what happened, he would not mind.注意： no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。3. 定語從句定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分。如： I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.( 中 beautiful 就是定語 )定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后如： I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hos

26、pital.定語從句的連接詞：連接代詞： who、which、whom、 whose、that連接副詞： when、 where、why二 、初中英語語法重難點 100 單選案例1. Where Uncle Sun yesterday?A. was B. were C. did D. does 2. They going to see Mr. Sun tomorrow.A. is B. are C. am D. be 3. Some are in the river and some are games.A. swiming, playing B. swimming, playing C. s

27、wimming, playing D. swimming, playing 4. Where is Dick? He to the reading-room.A. has been B. went C. has gone D. goes 5. Mark Twain, an American writer, everybody here. A. knows B. is known as C. is known to D. is known for 6. I hope he will come to see me before he here.A. leave B. leaves C. will

28、leave D. left 7. My teacher told me that Australians English.A. spoke B. speakC. speaks D. are speaking 8. I think she right now.A. reading B. reads C. is reading D. read 9. - Where are the children?- They a good time in the garden.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had10. - Where my glasses? I ca

29、nt find them.- I them on the bookshelf, but they arent there.A. you put, put B. you have put, have put C. have you put, put D. did you put, have put 11. When the police arrived, the man for 10 minutes.A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead 12. By the time this talk is over, we a lot about

30、 the earth.A. will be learning B. are learning C. world learn D. will have learnt 13. The teachers told me that they me to smooth away the difficulties.A. helped B. will help C. help D. were going to help 14. -Have you seen him today?-Yes, I him this morning.A. has seen B. see C. will see D. saw15.

31、He worried when he heard this news. A. is B. was C. does D. did16. What s your friend going next week.A. doing B. do C. does D. to do17. I dont think that its true. He strange stories.A. tell B. telling C. told D. tells 18. Have you ever West Hill Farm?A. gone to B. arrived C. come to D. been to 19.

32、 How long he the novel?A. has, borrowed B. has, kept C. has, lent D. is, using 20. He to do this lessons at eight every evening.A. is begining B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 21. The children a swim this afternoon.A. are going to has B. is going to have C. are having D. are going to have 22. Ther

33、e a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday.A. is B. are C. was D. were 23. he on well with his friends this term?A. Does, gets B. Does, get C. Is, getting D. Is, geting24. Who away my pen? I cant find it.A. haven taken B. takes C. has taken D. took 25. Shall we football this Saturday?A. play

34、 B. playing C. plays D. to play 26. The children at school now.A. is B. are C. was D. were 27. Mr. Smith short stories, but he a TV play these days.A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes 28. He said he the league for two years.A. has joined B. has bee

35、n in C. had been in D. joined 29. She likes watering trees in the garden, she?A. doesntB. don tC. isntD. didnt30. What you to do to keep the room clean?A. do, have B. does, have C. did, have D. are, have 31. Some flowers by Kate already.A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been wat

36、ered 32. When winter comes, the leaves fall.A. are going to B. will C. will be D. would 33. I to the cinema. I there every Sunday.A. go, go B. am going, go C. go, am going D. am going, am going 34. You about the future now, you?A. don t think, donB. arent thinking, arenC. don t t think, doD. arent t

37、hinking, are35. He was afraid that he his way.A. would lost B. would lose C. is going to D. shall lose 36. We each other since he left here.A. didnt seeB. hadn t seenC. haven t seenD. had seen37. Mr. Smith out for a walk in the park every day. A. is going B. goes C. went D. go 38. He from home for a

38、 long time. A. has gone away B. had gone awayC. has left D. has been away39. You mustnt go too high, or you dangerous.A. will be B. are C. would be D. is going to 40. We have known each other .A. since we were young B. after we were young C. when we are young D. if we are young 41. She promised she

39、do better work. A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to42. How long has this shop ?A. be open B. been open C. opened D. been opened 43. Mr. Smith here since he moved to his city.A. had lived B. have live C. have lived D. has lived 44. -Have you read the newspaper?- No, I havent.A. too B. yet C. jus

40、t D. already 45. Our knowledge of the universe all the time.A. grow B. is growing C. grows D. grew 46. She wont go to the cinema if she the work tomorrow.A. doesnt finishB. won t finish C. will finish D. finish 47. My grandma for half a year.A. has been dead B. was dead C. has died D. died 48. She t

41、o the Great Wall several times.A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has been 49. The earth round the sun.A. move B. moves C. moved D. will move50. Liu Fengwei three yuan for the lost library book.A. paid B. spent C. cost D. took 51. I the bike for over four years.A. have bought B. have buy C. have had D.

42、bought52. He told us that he that factory the next day.A. had visited B. has visited C. will visit D. would visit 53. His mother the Party last year. She a Party member for a year. A. joined, was B. has joined, is C. joined, has been D. has joined, has been54. We dont know if it the day after tomorr

43、ow.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. would rain55. He said he his life for his country.A. give B. gave C. had given D. would give 56. He always to the park on Sunday morning.A. go B. goes C. went D. is going 57. Look, the students to the teacher carefully.A. is listening B. are listening C. listen

44、D. listened 58. He in this school in 1958.A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. had taught 59. They said they to England the next day.A. will fly B. had flown C. would fly D. flew 60. They the work in two days.A. had finished B. would finished C. is finishing D. will finish 61. By the end of last we

45、ek, we two thousand words.A. would learn B. have learned C. had learned D. were learning 62. When he left, his mother .A. is cooking B. cooked C. was cooking D. cooks 63. We ll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed ( ) 64. There no milk in the glass.A. have B. h

46、as C. are D. is 65. The train when we got to the station.A. has just left B. had just left C. leaves D. left 66. Dr Smith is not at home. He to work.A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone 67. That man knows a lot about New York. I heard he before.A. had gone to the city B. had been in there

47、 C. had been there D. had been New York 68. The artist to Europe. He is there now.A. has gone B. has been C. had gone D. had been 69. Miss Brown said she never to North China before.A. has, gone B. has, been C. had, gone D. had, been 70. What your grandma this time yesterday?A. is, doing B. was, doi

48、ng C. did, do D. had, done 71. I to see the film because I have lost my ticket.A. won t go B. didnt go C. don t go D. haven t gone72. The students will have a football match if it fine next Saturday.A. will be B. would be C. was D. is 73. She asked me if I the story before.A. have read B. had read C

49、. would read D. will read 74. What they at eight yesterday evening?A. are, doing B. did, do C. have, done D. were, doing75. You cant see him now because he an important meeting.A. is having B. have C. has D. was having76. I to my brother since last summer.A. didnt write B. hadn t written C. haven t

50、written D. don t write77. Li Ping will visit the Great Wall as soon as he free.A. will be B. is C. was D. has been 78. One day when I the post office I my uncle.A. pass, see B. was passing, saw C. passed, saw D. pass, saw 79. He he some mistakes in the test.A. said, will make B. said, made C. said,

51、had made D. said, make 80. They tired so they stopped a rest.A. are, have B. were, have C. were, to have D. are, having 81. My father every day.A. takes a walk B. took walk C. take a walk D. is taking a walk 82. Mary is seven years old. She eight next year.A. is B. will C. was D. will be 83. A table and many chairs made by him yesterday.A. was B. were C. are being D. was being84. Ill go with you as soon as I my work.A. will finish B. shall finish C. f