讓步狀語從句5課件

1、讓步狀語從句專講第1頁，共41頁。一.定義定義：讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f”的感覺。二.關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有：though和although（雖然，縱然），while, as（雖然.但是.）; even if和even though（即使縱使）; whether.or.(無論是否或不管是還是); no matter+疑問詞（不管都），疑問詞-ever，regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句，despite和in spite of(盡管).第2頁，共41頁。 三.位置讓步狀語從句可

2、以前置，也可以后置；前置時強調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時強調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。有時也可以采取中位（插入句中）。第3頁，共41頁。 although和though同義，在一般情況下，可以互換使用。只是though較普遍，常用于非正式的口語或書面語中，而although則較為正式。另外although語氣比though重，常用以強調(diào)讓步概念。 Though Although it was raining，we went there. 雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那兒。四.具體用法1although 和though(雖然，盡管) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：第4頁，共41頁。Though Although it was bar

3、ely four oclock, the lights were already on. 盡管才四點鐘，燈已經(jīng)亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我們雖然窮，仍然很快活Though/Although my car is very old, I dont want to buy a new one. 雖然我的汽車很舊，但我不想買一輛新的。 He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. 雖然我警告他不要做，但他仍然堅持要做。 第5頁，共41頁。even能和though組

4、合表示強調(diào)，但even不能和although組合。因此，不能說even although,在這里even though=even if(no matter if; though即使也) e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不出國度假。 第6頁，共41頁。當讓步狀語從句指某種假設(shè)情況時，通常用though,而不用although。 e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still

5、 hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反對我，我還是堅持我的立場。 Though everybody deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都拋棄你，我也不會的。 第7頁，共41頁。though可以獨立用作副詞，常放在句末，意為all the same (還是；仍然)或however(可是；然而)，而although無此用法。 e.g. She didnt tell me what she had done, but I know it though. 她沒有告訴我她所做的事情，但我還是知道了。 Its hard work. I enjoy it, tho

6、ugh. 工作很苦，可是我喜歡。 第8頁，共41頁。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時可以倒裝，而although從句則不能。 e.g. Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 雖然他們打得很勇敢，但還是沒有機會獲勝。 Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我雖窮，但這東西還是買得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他雖是孩子，但干得很好。第9頁，共41頁。相同點：在although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，主句里不可用but,若

7、要強調(diào)前后兩部分的對比意義，可在主句前加yet或still。 e.g. Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy. 他雖然有很多錢，但并不幸福。 第10頁，共41頁。although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，常采用省略形式。 e.g. Although tired (=Although he was tired), he kept on working. 雖然很疲勞，但他繼續(xù)工作。 The problem, though complicated(=though it is complicated), c

8、an be solved without much difficulty.第11頁，共41頁。2even if, even though(即使)和 if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：even if 與 even though同義，常用于強調(diào)讓步概念 Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again.注：if 有時也可以用于讓步含義，但要注意條件if 與讓步if 的區(qū)別，試比較： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (條件) If he

9、is poor, he is at least honest. (讓步) (= even if)第12頁，共41頁。3由as, that, though引導(dǎo)的特殊讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)： 在正式文體或文學(xué)作品中，為了強調(diào)讓步的含義，可用as引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首。（though, that與as一樣，也可以用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)），如下面幾種情況： 表語的倒裝： Old as I am, I can still fight. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult thou

10、gh the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time.第13頁，共41頁。 謂語動詞的倒裝： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.Try as you may, you will never succeed. 狀語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very, much等修飾語） Much as I admire him as a w

11、riter, I do not like him as a man.Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.第14頁，共41頁。注意事項： 如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞最高級作表語，不再用冠詞，如：Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. as從句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，當as從句置于句首時，主句前可加yet ，如： Mary, b

12、rave as she is, is afraid of snakes.Rich as he is, (yet) I dont envy him.第15頁，共41頁。注意比較下列各句： While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (讓步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (讓步) While I was reading, the light went out. (時間)He is idle, while his brother is dili

13、gent. (轉(zhuǎn)折、對比)4while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句： while (= although),它引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句只能前置，位于句首，如： While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.第16頁，共41頁。6whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句： 這種從句也稱“選擇條件-讓步狀語從句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether yo

14、u like it or not, youll have to do it.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.第17頁，共41頁。7由連接代詞whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語

15、從句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相當于連接詞短語no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問代詞who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whichever (= no ma

16、tter which) you choose, we have no objection.第18頁，共41頁。8由連接形容詞whatever 或whichever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相當于no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問形容詞what 修飾名詞difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned

17、 to him, he will have no objection. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.第19頁，共41頁。9由連接副詞however, wherever 或whenever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。例如： However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相當于 no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問副詞 how 修飾 difficult。) Wherever (

18、 = no matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. The dog follows me wherever I go.第20頁，共41頁。注意（1）“no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“都；不管都” 它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么，他都不會介意

19、的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀守法。 第21頁，共41頁。(2)但“no matter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如： Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么，我都不會相信你。 Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you

20、 give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。 Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎。 第22頁，共41頁。10注意以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式： However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they mu

21、st and can be overcome.第23頁，共41頁。11由whenever, wherever 引導(dǎo)的從句，同時也分別是時間狀語從句和地點狀語從句，這里作為讓步狀語從句來看待，是強調(diào)它們帶有no matter when, no matter where 的含義。在口語中用no matter +wh- 結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見。例如：No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean.It is true, no matter what you may say. (可置于主句之后)第24頁，共41頁。原因

22、狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：1. Because because 表示直接原因，語氣最強，because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常位于主句之后，because所引導(dǎo)的句子還常用于回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。e.g: I do it because I like it.第25頁，共41頁。2. since/now that。通常譯為“既然”，表示已知的顯然的理由，語氣比 because 弱，較為正式；now that，更突出事實本身。 Since 和now that 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之前。第26頁，共41頁。e.g: 既然你比較空閑，那就幫我補習數(shù)學(xué)吧。 Since you are free

23、, come and help me with my mathematics.既然你是個男子漢，就不要做這樣的事了。Now that you are a man, you must not do such a thing.第27頁，共41頁。3. As 引導(dǎo)附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”，語氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活（常放于主句之前）。天還在下雨，你還是乘出租車好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.第28頁，共41頁。4. forFor 所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并非用于說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，而是為了提供一些輔助性的補充說明，只能放

24、于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。e.g: 他不可能見到我，因為當時我并不在那里。He could not have seen me, for I was not there.第29頁，共41頁。注意：在強調(diào)句型中，強調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只可用It is/was because that而不可用since 或 as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。由于她媽媽病了，她沒和我們一起去。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us. 第30頁，共41頁。還有一些介詞短語也可以表示原因。這類介詞短語有：thanks to, as a res

25、ult of,because of, due to, owing to 等。e.g: 多虧了你的幫忙，我才通過了測驗。由于戰(zhàn)爭，許多人喪失了生命。 As a result of the war,many peoples lives were lost. Thanks to your help, I passed the test.第31頁，共41頁。由于需求的增加，一些商品提價了。Some articles have risen in price due to the increasing demand.那班列車因天氣惡劣而誤點。The train was late owing to the

26、bad weather.第32頁，共41頁。seeing that, considering that, in that 等也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。既然他沒有經(jīng)驗，他就不合適這項工作。 Seeing (that) he is inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.考慮到這個時間交通很擁擠，我們只好再呆一會兒。Considering (that) the traffic is heavy this time of day, we will have to wait a little longer.第33頁，共41頁。我喜歡這座城市，但我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村，因

27、為那里有更清新的空氣。I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.第34頁，共41頁。注意: 1. before 引導(dǎo)的從句常用句型；It is long before （過了 好久才）It is not long before(過了不久就)2. till/ until (till 一般不放在句首) 持續(xù)性動詞（肯定式）+ until (直到為止)瞬間性動詞（否定式）+until (直到才)強調(diào)句型；It is not untilthat I waited until/till he had fi

28、nished his work.3. since 譯為 自從來since+瞬間性動詞過去式，從該動作發(fā)生時第35頁，共41頁。4. 原因狀語從句的連 because/as/since because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，說明直接原因。有時也用于推測性理由表示必然的因果關(guān)系?；卮饂hy 只能用because,在because 前可加 only， just等表示強調(diào)意義的 詞或否定詞not.在構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型時，只能用 because從句 不能用since或 as 從句。第36頁，共41頁。如：2000年來沒有任何人懷疑過他的觀點，僅僅因為他是亞里士多德-偉大的思想家。No one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years on