英美概況教學課件英國地理

1、Survey of Britain & America英美概況Introduction to the Course Contents Disciplines ScoreContentsBritain & America 1. Geography 2. History 3. Culture 4. Political System 5. Economy 6. Education 7. Social Life BackTotal Semester Score Class Work Final examAttendance & Assignments TestsVolunteeringRaw Scor

2、e Transmuted ScoreBackPart I Geography 英國概況Focus questionsWhat is the full name of the British state?What countries does it consist of?What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most British people live? What is the most densely populated area of Britain? What is the least populate

3、d?What are the major cities in Britain? Chapter I A Brief Introduction to Physical GeographyChapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK1. Basic information of the UK 2. Location 3.Political division 4. Topography5. Climate 6. Rivers and Mountains Exercises and Answers Chapte

4、r I I major cities London LiverpoolCardiffBelfastBasic information Different Names for Britain A. Geographical names: Great Britain , England B. The official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. C. Sometimes people just call it Britain, the United Kingdom or simply UK.Chap

5、ter I2.The National Flag: UnionJackis the name of British national flag. The color blue is the background and its elementary color. The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion. Chapter I EnglandScotlandIrelandChapter I 3. National Medal (Badge): EnglandScotland (unicorn)Irelan

6、d( harp)Chapter I 4. National Flower: rose 5. The National Day: Thursday of the second week in June.6. Anthem: God Save the Queen God Save the Queen God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen: Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save th

7、e Queen. 上帝保佑女王，祝她萬壽無疆，神佑女王。常勝利，沐榮光；孚民望，心歡暢；治國家，王運長；神佑女王！ BackChapter I II. Location:Northwestern Europe, an insular countryseparated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover（多佛爾海峽） and the English Channel.total area: 242 534 square kilometersIn the North Atlantic Ocean off

8、the north coast of EuropeIts coastline runs 12,429 kmthe English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east north of FranceEnglish ChannelA narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.The narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover. (

9、which is only 33km across.)BackBritain faces Scandinavia Peninsular (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) to the northeast and to the North lies Iceland To the south across the English Channel lies France and Belgium and to the east across North Sea lie Germany and Holland.The neighboring countriesPopulation

10、The total population: about 62 000 000 (2009)Highly urbanized: 80% living in cities and 20% living in the courysideThe most densely populated area: EnglandThe least populated area: Northern Ireland A multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non -European ethnicity.The

11、official language: EnglishThemap of theUKChapter IIII. Four political divisions:1. England: southern portion of Britain the largest part ( 60%)most important part in wealth, size, and population including London2. Scotland: northern portion of Britain 1707, the Act of Union different Scottish legal

12、procedure Gaelic（蓋爾語） is spoken in some Highlands.capital: Edinburgh 3. North Ireland: 6 Irish countiesIn 1921 other countries got autonomy.population: Protestant majority (English & Scottish origin) and Roman Catholic minority( Celtic凱爾特語 origin)capital: Belfast 4. Wales: west partIt joined Britain

13、 in the 14th century.Welsh( 威爾士語) is also Spoken. Capital: CardiffChapter IChapter I the Act of Union 合并法 In 1707, Scotland, the Kingdom of England and Wales were joined as “the kingdom of Great Britain” (大不列顛王國). In 1801, Ireland was joined and the name became “the united Kingdom of Great Britain a

14、nd Ireland” ( 大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國). In 1921, the six Northern Irish counties remained in the union of Great Britain, while the others obtained autonomy, so the name of the country was “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” ( 大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國).BackChapter I IV. Topography ( ) 14 physiograph

15、ic provincesThe Physiographical Features of the UK:Varied landscapeFlatlands in EnglandMountains in Scoltland and WalesThe north and west - highlands. The east and southeast - lowlands 1,Scotland1. Scotland: three natural zonesA. Scottish Highlands: east to northeast, in the North, mountainous Ben N

16、evis (本.尼維斯山 )- the highest mountain Clyde(克萊德河 ) - the most important riverB. Midland Valley: central lowlands, east to northeast, lower hills & rolling countryC. Southern Uplands: broad rounded hillsScotland A mountainous countrythree natural zones: The Highlands in the north the central Lowlands

17、the southern Uplands Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UKA country of castlesThe highlands in Scotland：sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben NevisThe film: Brave Heart Ben Nevis(1 343 meters high)Airth c

18、astle (埃爾斯堡 )A 14th century castle , a spa and a Scottish castle accommodation , one of the most popular places for Scottish castle weddings. Stirling castle (斯特靈堡 )about 30 miles from Glasgow and 40 miles from Edinburgh A long history,an important fortification and the site of many sieges and battl

19、es, standing out for its imposing location and storied history 2. Wales2.Walesa mountainous country: north part: hills & moorland central part: plateau for sheep and cattle in the west of Great Britain. taking up less than 9% of the whole island. 3. Northern IrelandSmallest among the four nations in

20、 BritainMostly rural, low hills, beautiful lake in the south- west, rugged coastline3. Northern Ireland: fertile, drumlin country and a broad plateau in the North Giants causeway (巨人之路) (1)The 8th Natural Wonder of the World (suburb of Belfast)，Sixty million years ago Giants Causeway（2） - a stretch

21、of basaltic rock pillars weathered to different heights and presenting a stepped surface on the north coast of Northern Ireland. 37,000columns formed by cooling lava. - legend: Finn MaCool built it to cross the sea to ScotlandGiants causeway（3）Prodigious skills (鬼斧神工) of Nature:Chapter I4. England:P

22、ennines(奔寧山脈)The backbone of EnglandLake Districtlow hillsuplandsplateaucultivated plain 4. EnglandEnglandA flatland country, also called Lowland zonePennines (奔寧山脈 ): the backbone of EnglandLake districtHighly urbanized -80% of population living in cities -only 2% working in agriculturePhysically l

23、argest with largest populationDominant in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK Lake Districta scenic spotin North West EnglandA popular holiday destinationbeing famous for its lakes and its mountains its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and o

24、ther poets. William Wordsworth a romantic poetappointed poet laureate in 1843Living in the Lake district after 1797（17701850）V. Climate:A maritime type of climate: rainy, changeable and unpredictable rarely rising above 32 in summer or falls below 10 in winter. mild winters and cool summers1. mild-m

25、oderated by Atlantic Gulf Stream. The temperature: -5 to 242. rainy- every month, max in Feb.& Aug. The annual rainfall: 26-100 inches3. sunshine- fewer4. weather conditions- vary rapidlyChapter IVI. Rivers1. longest - the Severn River (塞文河 )2. second largest -the Thames River (泰晤士河 )3. Features The

26、 main rivers run from north to south. Westward flowing streams attain the Atlantic in relatively short reaches.The rivers draining east from the main water parting are longer.Some run generally across impermeable rocks, and their discharges increase rapidly after rain.The rivers flowing into English

27、 Channel are mainly short.Rivers in Britain do not freeze in winter.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh( ) in Northern Ireland. Chapter I The longest river in England: River Severn （220miles，354km)NEW SEVERN BRIDGE: the longest bridge in the UK,connecting Wales and England An important ri

28、ver in Britain: River Thames the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest river entirely in Englandbest kown for flowing through central Londonits strategic position at the centre of many events in British history a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well

29、 as the sports of rowing, sailing.a special appeal to writers, artists, musicians and film-makers and is well represented in the arts many riverside attractions: London Eye,tower of London, House of Parliament, etc.Description of River Thames by T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)Sweet Thames run softly, till I en

30、d my song. The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers, Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes cigarette ends Or other testimony of summer nights. andThe river sweats Oil and tar The barges drift With the turning tide Red sails Wide To leeward, swing on the heavy spar, The barges wash Drifting lo

31、gs Down Greenwich reach Past the Isle of Dogs Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UKChapter 2 : Major cities London LiverpoolCardiffBelfastLondon -seat of government -center of culture business industry -largest population -home to all media -galleries, theatres, museums -combining functions of N

32、ew York, Washington & Los Angeles -One of the four leading cities in the world: New York,Paris, TokyoLondonThe capital, the largest port and the largest city in BritainThe City of London +Inner London + Outer London= Greater LondonThe commercial center: the West EndThe political center: the City of

33、Webminster (Downing street, Buckingham Palace)The cultural center: London University (the biggest)The center of Labor Movement (Chartism)憲章運動The Olympics games to be held here in 2012The London Eyea height of 135meters (443ft), the largest Ferris wheel in Europethe most popular paid tourist attracti

34、on in the United Kingdom, Big Benthe largest four- faced chiming clock,the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world,Its celebration of its 150th anniversary in May 2009 Tower Bridgean iconic symbol of London Carries motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestriansCrosses ThamesTotal length 244metre

35、s (801ft)Opened 30 June 1894Westminister Abbeya large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, Londonthe traditional place of coronation and burial site for monarchs of Commonwealth Realms Trafalgar squarea square in central Londona tourist attraction Waterloo bridgeTube/subwayWaterloo BridgeWaterloo

36、BridgeStarring: Vivien Leigh, Robert TaylorDirected by Mervyn LeRoy. Produced by Sidney FranklinSynopsisBased on the play by Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Robert E. Sherwood, WATERLOO BRIDGE stars Vivien Leigh as Myra, a shy ballerina whose life is irrevocably altered in war-torn London. Its lov

37、e at first sight when Myra meets handsome, aristocratic British officer Roy Cronin (Robert Taylor) in the midst of an air raid. The couple soon plans to wed, but Cronin is called to the front, and shortly thereafter a newspaper reports his death. Forced out of ballet school, alone and destitute, Myr

38、a turns to prostitution. When she discovers that the newspaper report was inaccurate, Myra is unable to tell Cronin about her professional life, and tragedy ensues.This 10-handkerchief weeper was directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Joseph Ruttenbergs photography is beautiful, as is the inspired soundtrack by

39、Herbert Stothart (THE WIZARD OF OZ), but what makes WATERLOO BRIDGE is Leighs stunning performance and the very real chemistry between her and Robert Taylor. ST Pauls Cathedralan Anglican cathedral the seat of the Bishop of London one of Londons most famous and most recognisable sights Edinburghthe

40、capital city of Scotlandeconomic center of Scotlanda tourist city second only to London in U.K. a cultural city，holding an international festival of music and the arts every year The new city of EdinburghEdiburgh castleThe symbol of Ediburghsituated on a mound of volcanic rock one of Scotlands oldest castles, unequalled in the whole of the British Isles a remarkable fortress, the historical interest of and former royal residence,visited annually by approximately one million people No visit to Edinburgh