湖南高考主觀題簡答題

1、2011湖南高考主觀題2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試 英語科（湖南）試卷結(jié)構(gòu)表結(jié)構(gòu) 節(jié) 內(nèi)容 題量 分 值 時間（分鐘） 第一部分 聽 力 第一節(jié) 聽對話，選擇答案 15 30 20 第二節(jié) 聽短文，填空 5第二部分 英語知識運用 第一節(jié) 語法填空 15 45 25 第二節(jié)完形填空一12第三節(jié) 完型填空二 8 第三部分 閱讀理解 閱讀短文，選擇答案 153025第四部分 書面表達(dá) 第一節(jié) 閱讀短文，填空 10 45 45 第二節(jié)閱讀短文，回答問題4第三節(jié) 寫作 1 總 計 85 150 120 閱讀簡答 閱讀簡答為書面表達(dá)中的第二節(jié),材料為一篇300詞左右的文章。考生閱讀文章后,根據(jù)各

2、小題的具體要求,簡要回答問題。主要考查考生用簡單的句子對所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力。本節(jié)共4個小題,滿分10分。2011年普通高等學(xué)校全國統(tǒng)一考試湖南卷考試說明第四部分書面表達(dá)第二節(jié)：簡答（共4小題， 滿分10分）本節(jié)要求考生閱讀文章后，根據(jù)各小題的具體要求，簡要回答問題。主要考察考生用簡單的句子對所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力?？偨Y(jié)命題規(guī)律1融語篇理解和文字表達(dá)考查為一體,以閱讀材料作為問題的載體,考查的最終目標(biāo)指向表達(dá)能力。從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。2題目設(shè)計對語篇理解的要求既有深度又有廣度。問題可涉及對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解、對文章整體內(nèi)容的概

3、括或歸納、文章標(biāo)題歸納等。問題多以Whquestion形式來體現(xiàn)。3試題的答案具有一定的開放性。具體細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常能從文章中找到明確的信息,但在表述上也不盡相同。有的題具有開放性,要求考生根據(jù)短文中的某一細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行濃縮或就文章的整篇內(nèi)容進(jìn)行綜合和概括,以達(dá)到題目的要求。4啟動學(xué)生思維,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的語言潛質(zhì)。閱讀簡答題有一定的難度,除傳統(tǒng)閱讀這一步驟外,解題過程中還需要更多的思維活動。因而這一題型能夠把不同層次水平的考生區(qū)分開來,具有很高的可信度和區(qū)分度。掌握解題技巧1先題后文,有的放矢考生在答題之前,先瀏覽一下問題,弄清問題的內(nèi)容和要求。然后帶著問題去閱讀文章,從而避免了文章中無關(guān)信息的干擾,使閱

4、讀有意識、有目的地進(jìn)行。2快速閱讀,找出信息閱讀文章時,對于與問題無關(guān)的信息一掃而過,特別是對與問題無關(guān)的生詞,不可糾纏不清,耽誤時間；而對于與問題相關(guān)的信息在閱讀時就用筆將其圈(劃)出來。3研究信息,正確作答通過對文章的閱讀,找出了與問題相關(guān)的信息,那么就要回過頭來,根據(jù)問題的要求對信息進(jìn)行加工、處理。4對照檢查,確保無誤對問題進(jìn)行作答后,應(yīng)該將問題、相關(guān)信息及所作答案進(jìn)行對照,檢查意思是否準(zhǔn)確一致、表達(dá)方式是否得當(dāng)、單詞拼寫是否正確。2010年高考湖南卷Secret Santas On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imag

5、ine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but thats all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says. Its an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis, says Linda.It b

6、rings a whole new meaning to the holidays. Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Womens Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and commun

7、ity service. To find her adopted family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family thats struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home. The list is always heartbreaking. They have an

8、opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys, she says. We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves. She also buys gifts for the parents. Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list-one that didnt include the basics. Eve

9、ry child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime. She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest.I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this, says Linda. Pay attention to whats going on in your own backyard-no matter where you li

10、ve. The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.81. What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks) 82. Why did Linda join the American Womens Club of Toronto? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks) 83. Why did Linda ask for a se

11、cond wish list? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks) 84. What kind of people does secret Santas in the passage refer to? (No more than 12 words) (3 marks)They will feel greatly surprised.She joined it for fellowship and community service.She wanted to give the children some other gifts rather than the

12、basics.It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語意相同或相近且語法正確，酌情給分。81題：They will have a wide-eyed surprise.給2分(A/The/Great/Big)surprise.給2分The will be surprised with their eyes wide open.給2分They surprised with the wide-eyed.給1分Wide-eyed.給1分82題(She joined it) for fellowship a

13、nd community service.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to help the people in need/the families struggling to survive.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to do charitable work.給2分(She joined it/wanted) to do work.給1分83題 She wanted to be more helpful.給3分She wished to offer more help to the children. 3分She expected to o

14、ffer more than the basics.給3分She wanted the children to have an unforgettable Christmas.給3分She wanted to fulfill the childrens wishes for other things rather than the basics.給3分The first wish list is heartbreaking.給2分The first wish list only included the basics.給2分84題 It refers to those giving Chris

15、tmas gifts in secret.給3分It refers to people who anonymously help poor families on Christmas.給3分It refers to people who help poor families on Christmas.給2分It refers to people who anonymously help poor families.給2分 It refers to people like Linda.給1分實詞拼寫錯誤的，每個扣分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過本小題總分。語法錯誤，每處扣分，但所扣分?jǐn)?shù)不超過本小題總分。B簡

16、答：材料中主要交織著現(xiàn)在時與過去時兩大時態(tài)，在時間上有跨度。而題目也有現(xiàn)在時、過去時各兩題。較簡單，No.82,83探求因果關(guān)系，涉及整個語篇主旨。要回答好問題，必須具有較高的概括綜合能力及較強(qiáng)的語言運用能力。在此尤其值得一提的是：與歷年不同，與試卷相配合的答案與評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中每小題給出了47種給分情況的示例，較好的考慮了（雖然沒有窮盡）學(xué)生答題的多樣化。簡答題基本要求：從2007高考起湖南省增加了閱讀理解新題型簡答題。該題材料為一篇300字左右的短文,考生讀完文章后,根據(jù)各小題具體要求,簡要回答問題, 主要測試考生用簡單的句子對所讀短文的主要信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力。考查的點既有詞義猜測題，細(xì)節(jié)題,主

17、旨題,也有推斷題，甚至還有要考生進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納的題。(1)詞語替代法。此法是指用詞形相同的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同義詞組，反義詞組對原句的某些成分進(jìn)行簡單的替代，而句子結(jié)構(gòu)不變。如：a.Is Meimei at home?-Is Meimei in?b.I must take good care of my sister well at home.-I must look after my sister well at home.c. Theyve sold their house in preparation for leaving the country.-Theyve sold the

18、house preparing for leaving the country.-Theyve sold the house to leave the country.d.An idea suddenly came to my mind.-An idea suddenly struck me.e.It took him two hours to do these exercises yesterday.-He spent two hours on these exercises yesterday.轉(zhuǎn)述信息的方法 (2)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法。此法是指利用某些派生詞或詞形相同的詞組來替代原句中的某些成分。

19、此時句子結(jié)構(gòu)會發(fā)生變化。The rain was very heavy last night.-It rained heavily/hard last night.(3)合并分句法。把兩個意義相關(guān)的簡單句合并為一個簡單句。 He is a new teacher.He is called Sun Jun.-He is a new teacher called/named Sun Jun.The woman is our new director.She is in red.-The woman in red is our new director.(4)句型轉(zhuǎn)換法。句型轉(zhuǎn)換是句子類別的轉(zhuǎn)換。它

20、要求學(xué)生對所學(xué)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形的變化做到概念清楚，運用準(zhǔn)確。比較狀語句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：最高級=比較級+than any other/the others=no other+ as 原級as a.Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.-Li Lei is the tallest in his class.b.This flower is more beautiful than any other flower at the exhibition.-No other flowers at the exhibition are as be

21、autiful as this one.-This flower is the most beautiful at the exhibition.狀語從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換a.The little girl was so tired that she couldnt go farther.-The little girl was too tired to go farther.(該題是由復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句，可用tooto 句型）b.The bear wants to climb the tree in order that he can get the apple on it.-The bear w

22、ants to climb the tree (in order) to /(so as) to get the apple on it.c.The bear is so big that he can not climb the tree.-The bear is too big to climb the tree. 賓語從句與不定式轉(zhuǎn)換a.We all hope that we will be able to play games on the sports field.-We all hope to play games on the sports field.b.We expect t

23、hat he will change his mind one day.-We expect him to change his mind one day.c. He orders us to do our home work in the classroom after school.從句轉(zhuǎn)換a.It was so hot that many people went swimming .-It was such a hot day that many people went swimming.b.He will miss the train if he does not take a tax

24、i.-He will miss the train unless he takes a taxi.從句與分詞，動名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換When I was going shopping yesterday,I came across an old friend of mine.-Going shopping yesterday,I met my old friend.-I met my old friend while shopping yesterday.b.I suggest that you should phone your aunt before turning up at her hous

25、e.-I suggest you phoning your aunt before visiting her house.簡答式閱讀理解題的類型 詞義猜測題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 主旨大意題 推理判斷題1詞義猜測題這類題要求考生不僅要讀懂原文,而且要表達(dá)出來。所以解這類題時,可注意找出原詞在文章中的同義代換詞。如果沒有,還應(yīng)注意破折號、同位語從句、定語從句、插入語等具有解釋、說明作用的語言成分 2細(xì)節(jié)理解題解這類題時,盡量用詞或短語代替句子,盡量用簡單句代替復(fù)合句等。另外,考生可采用一些小技巧進(jìn)行形式上的濃縮。比如,可利用縮寫,將their basic units of the price改寫為thei

26、r basic price units；把多個詞合成一個復(fù)合詞,比如：a fiveyearold boy,而避免使用a boy of five years old。當(dāng)然解決問題的關(guān)鍵是使自己的語言有概括性,對同類現(xiàn)象找出共性,進(jìn)行概括 閱讀中，學(xué)生可根據(jù)問題題干出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，如人名、地名、數(shù)字符號等，利用查閱式或跳躍式閱讀方法，找到文中相關(guān)的詞句或段落。然后在詞數(shù)限定的情況下結(jié)合上下文，運用歸納概括能力及轉(zhuǎn)換能力，快速而準(zhǔn)確地給出答案。 1. 閱讀中,學(xué)生可根據(jù)問題題干出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,如人名、地名、數(shù)字符號等,快速找到文中相關(guān)的詞句或段落。 2. 此題要求考生理解文章中某個或某些長難句,結(jié)合上下

27、文,運用歸納概括能力及轉(zhuǎn)換能力,然后用自己的話表達(dá)出來。 3.注意詞數(shù)要求,在限定的詞數(shù)內(nèi)答題，可以少于或等于所給詞數(shù), 超過字?jǐn)?shù)要求計0分。 4.句子、短語要通順，語法正確,具有可讀性,答案中要體現(xiàn)主要意思,否則扣去相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)。3主旨大意題這類題要求考生用最簡潔而又內(nèi)涵豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的中心思想。應(yīng)先找到主題句,通過對主題句進(jìn)行“手術(shù)”,也許就能找到最佳答案。而主題句通常都在段首或段末,有時是疑問句或簡單句,且具有語法上的獨立性。關(guān)鍵詞有“in short”、“in my opinion”、“that is”、“therefore”、“in fact”等?；卮疬@類題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住文

28、章的主旨句。但考生應(yīng)注意不可照抄原句,而需要重新歸納、組織、概括(詞數(shù)一般都有限制)。 1.此題要求考生理解整篇文章的主旨,屬篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。 2.對于此問題,學(xué)生要注意尋找文章的主題句。一般地說,主題句通常在文章的首段（尤其是全文首句）或尾段,有時可能隱藏在其他段落中。 3.提問形式可能是What is the best title of the article?what is the passage about?/ what is the general idea of the passage?等。 4.找出文章的主題句后,學(xué)生還要運用歸納總結(jié)、分析綜合的方法和正確的語法去答題, 有時還需

29、借助個人積累的常識和經(jīng)驗,讀透文章的寓意,得出正確的結(jié)論。4推理判斷題這類題與閱讀理解中的推斷題一樣,其答案在原文中是不能找到的,它要求考生進(jìn)行合理的推斷。當(dāng)然這種推斷并不是毫無目的的。文章中的某些詞及作者的寫作手法都可能成為你做出推論的依據(jù)。1此類問題是指讀者自己根據(jù)文章提示的信息作出的對某事情或觀點的評價或看法。測試內(nèi)容可以是對某人、某事的態(tài)度，對故事的進(jìn)展或可能的結(jié)局，或?qū)δ撤N觀點的評論等，以考查學(xué)生對問題的分析能力和邏輯推理能力。 1. 客觀、全面、準(zhǔn)確地把握文章提供的信 息。 2. 分析文中信息反映的實質(zhì),排除干擾性語言，抓住作者的本意。緊扣主題思想,從文章本身的內(nèi)容出發(fā)進(jìn)行推理,不

30、能憑自己主觀臆斷。3. 注意文中的一些修辭色彩,把握文章的基調(diào)。4. “異向思維”在解答這類問題時尤為重要。思考問題時可以多換幾個角度,得出較深層的結(jié)論。此外,考生在答題時應(yīng)盡量避免下列兩種錯誤：(1)語法錯誤。如主謂不一致、詞匯搭配不當(dāng)、時態(tài)與原文不對應(yīng)、句型使用不當(dāng)?shù)取?2)語言形式錯誤。如拼寫錯誤、大小寫、標(biāo)點符號誤用、不符合答題規(guī)范等。HomeworkP63-70天天練Thank youKeys 11How many participants are needed to act as live statues？(no more than 3 words)2,400 participan

31、ts.2Sum up the theme Adrianne Foglia wanted to display when she acted as a live statue on the plinth.(no more than 2 words)Thanksgiving.3What kind of person do you think the author is？(no more than 7 words)He/She is a person with social responsibility.4What is the main idea of the last paragraph？(no

32、 more than 6 words)The project has been criticized. 21What is the main idea of the passage？(no more than 10 words)Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are going broke./Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are now struggling to survive./Bicycle rental business in Beijing is in a difficult state.2In whi

33、ch season is the bicycle rental business the most difficult in Beijing？(no more than 2 words)In winter.3List the reasons why Zhang Yu is not willing to rent a bike.(no more than 7 words)Requiring deposits and high rental fee.4How can IbikeMedia possibly make a profit by putting advertisements on the

34、 bikes according to Li Weiwei？(no more than 6 words)By enlarging/increasing the scale.31What is special about this cabinet meeting of the Maldives？(no more than 4 words)It was held underwater.2Why was coral checked before the meeting was held？(no more than 3 words)To ensure safety.3List the features

35、 that attract tourists to the Maldives.(no more than 6 words)Coral reefs and white sand beaches.4What attitude does Mr. Nasheed hold towards the future of his country？(no more than 6 words)He is very worried and upset.11What do childcare specialists care more about when talking about childrens watch

36、ing TV？(no more than 9 words)The amount of hours and the kinds of shows.2What does the underlined words “that question” refer to？(no more than 15 words)What happens to the kids when a TV is on in the background.3Whats the main purpose of the author to write this passage？(no more than 15 words)To ask

37、 readers to turn off the TV to let kids sleep better./To tell readers keeping the TV on will disturb childrens sleep patterns.4What does the passage mainly talk about？(no more than 15 words)Having a television on in the house can disturb childrens sleep patterns significantly.21What does the backpac

38、k use to make electricity？(no more than 12 words)It uses the natural upanddown motion of a persons stride.2List two advantages of the new kind of backpack.(no more than 10 words)It can provide/make electricity and it is more comfortable.3According to the text,what the backpack will be in the future？

39、(no more than 8 words)It will be lighter and more popular.4What does the passage mainly talk about？(no more than 15 words)A backpack that turns the spring in your step into electricity./A backpack which turns the natural upanddown motion of a persons stride into electricity.31What is the most common

40、 jury in the American system？(no more than 4 words)The petit jury.2How many members does a petit jury have in a criminal case traditionally？(用數(shù)字回答)Twelve或12.3What will a judge do when announcing the results if it is a hung jury？(no more than 5 words)He will declare a mistrial.4What grand juries are

41、included in the American system？(no more than 9 words)The charging grand jury and the investigative grand jury.閱讀簡答綜合練(一)11According to the researchers from California,why are the oceans getting more acidic？(no more than 10 words)Due to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air.2What effect does th

42、e lowering of the waters pH value have on the living things in the sea？(no more than 6 words)It makes them in great danger.3How would the level of acidity change if we reduced the carbon dioxide in the air？(no more than 4 words)It would also reduce.4What would happen to greenhouse effect if we store

43、d carbon dioxide in the deep ocean？(no more than 7 words)It would reduce in amount.21When was the Internet started？(no more than 4 words)In 1969.2What will happen to peoples mental health if people spend a few hours on the Internet a week？(no more than 3 words)It will decline.3Why do peoples mental

44、health drop if they use the Internet,according to the researchers？(no more than 10 words)Because Internet use reduces time available for family and friends.4According to Christine Riley,how can we make Internet users happier？(no more than 15 words)By considering social factors in terms of how you de

45、sign applications and services for technology.31According to this passage,what was the most probable reason for elephants almost extinction in northeastern South Africa in the 19th century？(no more than 1 words)Hunting.2Why did the authorities decide to keep the elephants populations between 6,000 t

46、o 8,000？(no more than 10 words)Because its considered to be the parks “carrying capacity”3What department is in charge of Kruger National Park？(no more than 4 words)South African National Parks.4What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to？(no more than 3 words)The genetic cod

47、e.閱讀簡答綜合練(二)11Why are new findings against some of the sillier things about the possible influence of migrants on a countrys overall achievements? (no more than 9 words)Because they prove the migrants did badly in PISA.2What is the policymakers explanation? (no more than 9 words)They get too many mi

48、grants or get wrong migrants.3In most host countries,who are the most motivated students? (no more than 5 words)The firstgeneration immigrant students.4What does the example of Germany tell us? (no more than 10 words)The new immigrants may give up their ambitions and dreams/hope.21What does a man us

49、ually do when he is buying clothes？(no more than 15 words)He does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things.2What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes？(no more than 6 words)They welcome suggestions from anyone.3What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants？(no more than 6 words)He usually does not buy anything.4What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers？(no more than 8 words)The tim