高級英語第4課Inaugural-Address-課件-翻譯-譯文

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)4.Inaugural Address(January 20, 1961) John F. Kennedy 目的/重點Aims1.To know how to make good conversation2.To trace the history of the Kings English3.To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples4.To anal

2、yse the features of spoken English5.To appreciate the language features Teaching Contents1. Exposition 2. History of Britain 3. Detailed study of the text4. Organizational pattern5. Language features6. The characteristics of spoken English Time allocation1. Exposition and history (15 min.)2. Detaile

3、d study of the text (105 min.)3. Structure analysis (15 min.)4. Language appreciation (15 min.)5. The characteristics of spoken English (30 min) 課文內(nèi)容4. Inaugural Address(January 20, 1961) John F. Kennedy 1 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as we

4、ll as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oathour forebears prescribednearly a century and three-quarters ago. 2 The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human pove

5、rty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. 3 We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that fir

6、st revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit th

7、e slow undoingof these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. 4 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose

8、 any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. 5 This much we pledge-and more. 6 To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is littl

9、e we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at oddsand split asunder. 7 To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expec

10、t to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 8 To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggli

11、ng to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save th

12、e few who are rich. 9 To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliancefor progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the

13、 preyof hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversionanywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. 10 To that world assembly of sovereignstates, the United Nati

14、ons, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writmay run. 11

15、Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulfall humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. 12 We dare not tempt them w

16、ith weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. 13 But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course-both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarm

17、ed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alterthat uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war. 14 So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civilityis not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject toproof. Let us never negotiate o

18、ut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 15 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboringthose problems which divide us. 16 Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to

19、destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. 17 Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tapthe ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. 18 Let both sides unite

20、 to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiahto undo the heavy burdens.(and) let the oppressed go free. 19 And if a beachheadof co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where t

21、he strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. 20 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. 21 In you

22、r hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimonyto its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the glob

23、e. 22 Now the trumpet summons us again-not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies

24、of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself. 23 Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in the historic effort? 24 In the long history of the world, only a few generations

25、 have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this ende

26、avor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. 25 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. 26 My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what t

27、ogether we can do for the freedom of man. 27 Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscienceour only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go f

28、orth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own. (from A Treasury of the Worlds Great Speeches, 1965) NOTES1. inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan. 20. On this day every four years the

29、newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.2. solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitutio

30、n of the United States. The oath runs as follows: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. 3. The belief that the rights of man.

31、, hand of God: refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 4. command

32、 of Isaiah: one of the greatest Hebrew prophets whose writings are extant (late 8th century B. C. ) ; venerated by rabbis as 2nd only to Moses. The Book of Isaiah, a book in the Old Testament of the Bible of the Christian, is believed to be a work of two authors of different periods; chapters 1-39 r

33、elate to the history of the Israelites; chapters 40-66 foretell the coming of the Messiah. The quotation in the text is taken from chapter 58, verse 6: Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye

34、break every yoke? 教學教案 背景知識課文詳解文章結構修辭學習課文錄像課文錄音詞匯短語詞匯(Vocabulary)inaugural (adj.) : of an inauguration就職(典禮)的 -signify (v.) : be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味 -almighty (adj.) : having unlimited power；allpowerful有無限權力的；全能的 -forebear (n.) : an ancester 祖先，祖宗 -prescribe (v.) : set down as a rule o

35、r direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；規(guī)定，訂立 -generosity (n.) : the quality of being generous慷慨；寬宏大量 -heir (n.) : person who appears to get some trait from a predecessor or seems to carry on in his tradition繼承者；后嗣 -foe (n.) : enemy；opponent敵人 -undoing (n.) : the act of bringing to ruin，disgrace，or des

36、truction毀滅；破壞 -at odds : in disagreement；quarreling意見不一致；有爭執(zhí) -asunder (adv.) : into parts or pieces分成碎片；分散 -prey (n.) : a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something犧牲品；掠奪品 -subversion (n.) : a subverting or being subvertedruin 顛覆(活動)；破壞 -sovereign (adj.) : independent of all others獨立自

37、主的 -outpace (v.) : surpass；exceed在速度上超過；勝過 -invective (n.) : a violent verbal attackstrong criticism，insults, curses, etc.; vituperation 抨擊；辱罵，謾罵 -shield (n.) : any person or thing that guards，protects，or defends; protection保護人；防護物；保護 -writ (n.) : a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some

38、 action命令；律令；文書；傳票 -adversary (n.) : a person who opposes or fights against another; opponent；enemy對手，反對者；敵手，敵方 -anew (adv.) : again重新，再 -unleash (v.) : release from or as from a leash(解開皮帶以)釋放 -engulf (v.) : swallow up；overwhelm 吞沒，淹沒，壓倒 -civility (n.) : politenessesp. in a merely formal way 禮貌，客氣

39、-belabor (v.) : talk about at unnecessary length嘮嘮叨叨地反復講 -formulate (v.) : put together and express (a theoryplan ,etc.)a systematic way系統(tǒng)地闡述(或提出)(理論、計劃等) -tap (v.) : draw upon；make use of開發(fā)、發(fā)掘 -heed (v.) : pay close attention to；take careful notice of注意, 留神，留心 -beachhead (n.) : a position establish

40、ed by invading troops on an enemy shore；a position gained as a secare starting point for any action；foothold灘頭堡，登陸場；立足點 -endeavor (n.) : an earnest attempt or effort努力，盡力 -testimony (n.) : any form of evidence，indication. etc.；proof證明，證據(jù) -embattle (v.) : 常用于被動語態(tài)prepare，array，or set in line for battl

41、e使準備戰(zhàn)斗，使嚴陣以待 -tribulation (n.) : great misery or distress, as from oppression；deep sorrow苦難；困苦；憂傷 -forge (v.) : move forward steadily，as if against difficulties; form；produce(似乎迎著困難)穩(wěn)步前進；形成；結成 -alliance (n.) : a close association for a common objective as of nations，political parties，etc聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合，同盟 -短語

42、 (Expressions)at issue : in dispute；to be decided；at variance；in disagreement意見不一致 例： What is at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a students ability.意見的分歧之處在于考試對于學生能力的影響程度。 -at odds : in disagreement；quarrelling；antagonistic意見不一致，有爭執(zhí) 例： IHe was at odds with his colleagues他與同事意見不合。 -

43、east off : to discard；abandon；disown丟棄，擺脫 例： A haven of tranquility where you can cast off the strains and stress of life一個可以擺脫生活重負的寧靜港灣 -beyond doubt : certainly毫無疑問 例： She was beyond doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school毫無疑問，她在學校里游泳游得最棒。 -課文翻譯第四課就職演說(1961年1月20日) 約翰?F?肯尼迪 我們今天舉行的不是一個政黨的祝捷大

44、會，而是一次自由的慶典。這是一個承先啟后、繼往開來的大事件。因為剛才我已依照我們的先輩在將近一又四分之三個世紀以前擬好的誓言在諸位和全能的上帝面前莊嚴宣誓。當今的世界已與往昔大不相同了。人類手中已掌握的力量，既足以消除一切形式的人類貧困，也足以結束一切形式的人類生活。然而，我們的先輩曾為之奮斗的革命信念至今仍未能為舉世所公認。這信念就是認定人權出自上帝所賜而非得自政府的恩典。我們今天仍未敢忘記我們是第一次革命戰(zhàn)爭的接班人。此時此地我謹向我們的朋友，同時也向我們的敵人宣告：火炬已傳到我們新一代美國人手中。這一代人在本世紀成長起來，經(jīng)受過戰(zhàn)火的鍛煉，經(jīng)歷過冷峻的和平的考驗，以珍視古老的傳統(tǒng)而自豪，

45、又決不愿坐視或容許人權逐漸遭到踐踏。美國對這些人權一向負有責任，今天我們也正在本國及全世界范圍內(nèi)為之奮斗。必須讓每一個友邦和敵國都知道：為維護自由，使其長存不滅，我們將會不惜付出任何代價，肩負任何重擔，迎戰(zhàn)一切困難，援助一切朋友，反擊一切敵人。以上這些是我們保證要做到的但我們保證要做到的還不止這些。對于那些與我們有著共同的文化和精神淵源的傳統(tǒng)盟邦，我們保證將報之以真誠不渝的友誼。只要我們團結起來，我們在許多合作性事業(yè)中就會無往而不勝；而一旦彼此分裂，我們就會無所作為。因為我們之間若起爭端，彼此離異，便難以與我們面臨的強大對手抗衡。對于那些我們歡迎其加入自由國家行列的各新興國家，淺們發(fā)誓，一種形

46、式的殖民統(tǒng)治的結束絕不應僅是為了被另一種遠為殘酷的暴政所取代。我們并不期望這些國家總是支持我們的觀點，但我們希望他們始終能夠堅決地衛(wèi)護自己的自由，并時刻牢記，過去那些企圖騎上虎背為自己壯聲勢的愚人結果都沒能逃脫葬身虎腹的命運。對于那些居住在遍布半個地球的茅舍荒村中，正奮力沖破集體貧困的桎梏的各民族，我們保證將盡最大努力幫助他們脫貧自救，不管這樣做需要多長時間。這樣做并不是因為怕共產(chǎn)黨會搶先這樣做，也不是因為我們想獲得那些國家的贊成票，而是因為這樣做是正確的。一個自由社會如若不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就無法保全少數(shù)的富人。對于我國邊界以南的各姊妹國家，我們要作一項特別的保證：把我們美妙的言辭付諸行動

47、，為謀求進步而進行新的合作。幫助自由的人民和自由的國家政府掙脫貧困的鎖鏈。但我們絕不能讓這個充滿希望的和平革命成為敵對國家的犧牲品。要讓所有的鄰邦都知道，我們將和他們一起反對外國在美洲任何地區(qū)進行的侵略或顛覆。也要讓所有別的國家知道，我們這個半球仍得由自己當家做主。 在一個戰(zhàn)爭因素遠遠超過和平因素的時代，對于我們唯一的最好的希望賴以寄托的世界主權國家的聯(lián)盟組織一一聯(lián)合國，我們重申對它給予支持的保證：阻止其成為一個僅供謾罵的講壇，加強其對新興國家及弱小國家的保護作用，并擴大其職能范圍。最后，對于那些不惜與我們?yōu)閿车膰?，我們要提出的不是保證而是呼吁：希望雙方重新開始努力尋求和平，不要等到科學所釋

48、放出來的可怕的破壞力將整個人類推向有計劃的或偶然發(fā)生的自我毀滅之時。我們不敢以示弱去誘惑他們。因為只有當我們有了無可置疑的足夠的武力時，我們才能有無可置疑的把握避免使用武力。 然而，目前的局勢使兩大國家集團都感到不安雙方都因現(xiàn)代軍備的龐大開支而感到不堪重負，雙方都為極端危險的原子武器的不斷擴散而理所當然地感到驚慌不安，但雙方又都在競相謀求改變那種使雙方都不敢輕易發(fā)動導致全人類毀滅的最后決戰(zhàn)的小穩(wěn)定的恐怖均勢。因此，讓我們重新開始，雙方都記?。憾Y讓并不表示軟弱，而誠意則永遠需要驗證。我們決不能因為懼怕而談判，但我們也決不要懼怕談判。 讓雙方尋求彼此的共同利益所在，而不要在引起分歧的問題上徒費精力

49、。 讓雙方進行首次談判，對監(jiān)督和控制軍備制訂出嚴格可行的計劃?并且把足以毀滅其他國家的絕對力量置于世界各國的絕對管制之下。讓雙方致力于揭開科學的奧秘，而不是科學的恐怖。讓我們共同努力去探測星空，征服沙漠，消除疾病，開發(fā)洋底，并促進藝術和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。 讓雙方一起在世界各個角落聽取以賽亞的指示，去“卸下沉重的負擔(并)讓被壓迫者獲得自由”。如果初次的合作能夠減少彼此之間的疑慮的話，那就讓我們雙方進而開始新的合作吧，不是尋求新的力量均衡，而是建立一個有法制的新世界，使強者公正，弱者安全，和平得以維持。所有這一切不會在第一個一百天內(nèi)完成，也不會在第一個一千天內(nèi)完成，不會在本屆政府任期內(nèi)完成，甚至也許不

50、會在我們這一輩子完成。但我們要讓它從我們手上開始。同胞們，我們事業(yè)的成敗關鍵不僅僅是握在我的手中，更大一部分是握在你們手中。自從我國建立以來，每一代美國人都曾應召驗證自己對祖國的忠誠。應召服役的美國青年的墳墓已遍布全球。如今那號角又在召喚我們了。它不是在號召我們扛起武器一一盡管我們也需要武器，不是在號召我們?nèi)?zhàn)盡管我們也準備應戰(zhàn)，而是在號召我們肩負起一場長期的艱苦斗爭的重任，年復一年，“忍受困苦，向往未來”，為反對人類共同的敵人暴政、貧困、疾病以及戰(zhàn)爭本身而斗爭。我們能否建立一個把東西南北聯(lián)在一起的偉大的全球聯(lián)盟來對付這些敵人，以確保人類享有更為富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意參加這一具有歷史意

51、義的行動呢? 在世界漫長的歷史上，只有少數(shù)幾代人能在自由面臨極大危險的時刻被賦予保衛(wèi)自由的任務。在這一重任面前，我不退縮，我歡迎這一重任。我認為我們中間不會有人愿意與別人或另一代人調(diào)換位置。我們從事這一事業(yè)的那種精力、信念和獻身精神將照耀我們的國家和一切為此出力的人們。這一火焰所發(fā)出的光芒將真正照亮這個世界。因此，美國同胞們，你們應該問的不是你們的國家能為你們做些什么，而是你們自己能為你們的國家做些什么。和我處在同樣地位的世界各國的公民們，你們應該問的不是美國會為你們做些什么，而是我們一起能為人類自由做些什么。 最后，無論你們是美國公民還是世界各國的公民，請以我們在此要求于你們的那種力量和犧牲

52、的高標準反過來要求我們。良心是我們唯一可靠的報酬，歷史是我們所作所為的最后裁判。讓我們邁步向前，去領導我們所熱愛的國家吧，我們祈求上帝的保佑和幫助，但我們知道，上帝在人間的工作就是我們自己的工作。(摘自世界著名演說集錦，1965)課文練習EXERCISES 4 I. Write short notes on 1) John F. Kennedys family background 2) his political career and election as president 3) his assassination. SRB 1. The New Book of Knowledge 2.

53、 Encyclopedia Americana 3. Encyclopaedia Britannica 4. any history of the United States covering the 1960s 5. any biography or biographical sketch of John F. Kennedy Questions on content: 1. Do you agree with Kennedy that the world is very different now? What differences does he have in mind? Do you

54、 agree with him? 2. What belief is still at issue around the globe? Do you agree with him? 3. Whom does Kennedy consider as friends and whom as foes? 4. Name some old allies of the United States whose cultural and spiritual origins the United States share. 5. Name some of the new states whom Kennedy

55、 welcomes (para 7). What does he pledge to them? 6. Who are those peoples in huts and villages? Why does Kennedy want to help them? 7. What is his stated policy towards Latin America? 8. Sum up the policy Kennedy says he intends to pursue towards those nations whom he considers to be our adversary.

56、9. What is his message to his fellow citizens? What does he mean by a long twilight struggle? 10. Do you agree that freedom was in its hour of maximum danger when Kennedy assumed office? Give your reasons.Ill. Questions on appreciation: 1. Speeches are generally highly rhetorical. Point out some of

57、the different rhetorical devices Kennedy employs to make his inaugural address as forceful and impressive as possible. 2. Is the address well organized? Comment on the order in which he addressed the different groups of nations and people. 3. Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and

58、 careful in his choice and use of words. 4. Is his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses? Give your reasons. 5. This inaugural address is regarded by many in the United States as a classical speech, and many passages are often quoted. Could you pick out some passages likely to

59、 be quoted by Americans? Give reasons for your choice. 6. Is Kennedy s argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or on an appeal to emotions? Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions?IV. Paraphrase: 1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought

60、 is still at issue around the globe (para 2) 2. This much we pledge-and more. (para 5) 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5) 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9) 5. our last best hope in an age where