不定式用法詳解

1、關(guān)于不定式用法詳解第一張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一 不定式的句子功能第二張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主語1.To be here at Christmas time is my dream.2. To go abroad is his dream.3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.（這時(shí)可將其用形式主語it來替換）It is my dream to be here at Christmas time.It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to say, it is difficu

2、lt to do. Its often difficult for me to decided what to do .第三張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語 I want to buy a computer.She hopes to find a better job.I wish to go with you.Do you consider it better not to go ?第四張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語補(bǔ)足語She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons m

3、other taught him to read and write. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do第五張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作賓語補(bǔ)足語不帶to 的情況:感覺動詞、使役動詞后面的 to 常省略，但是被動語態(tài)中的 to 不能省略Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常見動詞有： 使役動詞: let, make, have 感官動詞: s

4、ee, watch, hear, feel, listen to,notice,observe比較： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.第六張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月狀語(adverbial)He came to show me his new CD player.I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book.The boy was too frightened to move

5、.(目的)(目的)(目的)（結(jié)果）第七張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表語His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.第八張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月定語Give me something to drink.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to wri

6、te with.The ice is hard enough to skate on.He bought a toy to play with.第九張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月疑問詞who, what, which, where, when, how加to do可構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等。When to start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can tell you where to get the book.The question is who(m) to ask.(主語)(

7、賓語)(賓語補(bǔ)足語)(表語)第十張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月比較（Compare）I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.I dont know what to do about it.第十一張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercises:1. - Youve done very well this time. - Its really kind _.A. for you to say so B. for you saying soC. of you to say so D. of you saying so2

8、. It is better to lose ones life than _.A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spiritC. to lose ones spiritD. your spirit getting lostCC第十二張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. I cant work in this way. - Why not _ it in some other way?A. try to doB. try doingC. trying to doD. trying doing4. Since you find it dif

9、ficult _ a decision, youd better a discussion( 討論) with your parents.A. reach; haveB. reaching; haveC. reach; havingD. to reach; haveBD第十三張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. My father hates(痛恨) _. He never allows me _.A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; smokingC. smoke; smokingD. smoking; to smoke6. The girl was b

10、eginning _.A. get angryB. to get angryC. getting angryD. angryDB第十四張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. what to chooseD. to choose which8. The bag is too heavy for me _.A. to carry itB. not to carry itC. to car

11、ryD. not to carry9. The teacher will teach him _.A. to useB. use itC. how to use itD. usesBCC第十五張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月找出句子中的不定式，并說出作用：It takes you ten minutes to get there.I hope to see him soon.His wish is to become an artist.People eat to live, but not live to eat.I have a lot to tell you.Its not r

12、ight to be always thinking of oneself.We often see him play football.定語主語狀語表語賓語主語賓語補(bǔ)足語第十六張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二 不定式的兩種性質(zhì)a)回返性(不定式修飾的詞是不定式動作邏 輯上的賓語) Do you have anything more to say? There is nothing to worry about. Lets find a room to put the bike in. We havent a chair to be seated in. I have a lett

13、er to write. I have a pen to write with. I have no ink to write in. I have no paper to write on.（注意觀察和思考）第十七張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月b)時(shí)間性動詞不定式與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生 : to be doing Theyre said to be building a bridge. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.不定式后發(fā)生: to do sth They invited us to go there next wee

14、k.動詞不定式先于謂語動作發(fā)生: to have done Hes said to have written a new novel. Im sorry not to have come on Wednesday.第十八張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三 特殊的動詞第十九張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1). 只能后接動詞-ing 形式作賓語的動詞, 常見的有：avoid避免，miss錯過，put off,delay,postponepsp-推遲 避免錯過莫推遲suggest建議,practice練習(xí)，finish,complete 建議練習(xí)早完成keep保持，imagin

15、e想像, cant stand,canthelp禁不住 保持想象禁不住admit承認(rèn),deny否認(rèn), mind介意 承認(rèn)否認(rèn)勿介意escape逃避,risk,excuse原諒 逃避冒險(xiǎn)可原諒give up,quit放棄,envy妒忌,fancy,appreciate,enjoy喜歡放棄妒忌皆喜歡如：I cant avoid going我不能不去。a)只能接動詞-ing 形式作賓語的動詞第二十張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 b)只能接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有 1)manage盡量, prepare準(zhǔn)備, fail失敗盡量準(zhǔn)備免失敗2)choose,decide決定, determ

16、ine決定, arrange安排早做選定好安排3)plan計(jì)劃, seem看起來,refuse,decline拒絕計(jì)劃看來又遭拒4),promise承諾,afford承諾無價(jià)卻能買5)pretend ,agree ,expect 假裝同意共期待6)offer提供, demand要求,hope希望 要求提供望不再 第二十一張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 四 注意幾個(gè)容易混淆的短語1） have sb do sth使某人做某事 have sb doing sth使某人不斷做某事 not have sb doing sth不允許某人做某事 have sth to do sth有事情要做

17、have sth done 2）get sb to do sth 使某人做某事 get sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事情 get sth done(vt) He couldnt get his car started just now. get doing(vi) Once she gets talking,its hard to stop her.第二十二張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3)cease,start,begin ,continue/deserve(值得,應(yīng)得) to do=cease等+doing4)sb +need/want to do sth sth

18、+need/want doing 5) consider(考慮) doing6) consider(認(rèn)為) sb/sth+to do sth7) feel like doing sth dislike doing sth would like to do sth like doing/to do sth hate doing/to do sth8)be worth doing=be worthy to be done/of being done 第二十三張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9)regret to do sth regret doing sth stop to do sth

19、 stop doing sth forget to do sth forget doing sth remember to do sth remember doing sth try to do sth try doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth第二十四張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五 “TO”的省略(1)兩個(gè)動詞不定式由 and、or、but、 than、except 等連接在一起時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式常常省略 to Id like to lie down and go to sleep. Ill do anything but work

20、 on a farm. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? Its easier to persuade people than (to) force them.第二十五張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2)口語中，在come、go、run、hurry up等動詞后，可用and代替表示目的的動詞不定式 Come and have a drink. Would you go and tell them to shut up? had better (not ) do sth.would rather do sth (tha

21、n do sth) Hed rather watch TV than go to see a film.prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot.Why (not) do sth? 第二十六張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 (3)1)情感動詞后: like,love,hate,expect,hope,wish,want, prefer,refuse,agree,try,mean等 2)接不定式做賓補(bǔ) : ask,tell,permit,allow,advise

22、,warn,persuade等3)情感adj后:glad,happy,delighted,pleased等4). 在have to, ought to, be going to, used to等后第二十七張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月A: Would you like to come to the party? B: Id love to (come the party)A:Would you mind printing the report for me,Miss Gao?B:Not at all.Id be glad to (print the report).She wan

23、ts to go alone but her father wont allow her to.I really didnt want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).第二十八張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 但:不定式是 to be.或者to have done時(shí),則be 或者h(yuǎn)ave要保留A:Are you the boss ?B:No,and I dont want to be (the boss.)He hasnt finished his homework yet though he is sup

24、posed to have (finished his homework.) -Are you a teacher? No, but I used to be (a teacher). John didnt come, but he ought to have (come).第二十九張，PPT共三十五頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月六 動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)for sb to do sth Its a mistake for us not to help them. The coffee was too hot for me to drink. Its + adj. + of sb to do sth (kind, nice, brave, stupid, clever, etc.) Its kind of you to think so much of me.