高中英語(yǔ)外刊原創(chuàng)改編講義·語(yǔ)法新題型

1、高中英語(yǔ)外刊原創(chuàng)改編講義語(yǔ)法新題型學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握語(yǔ)法新題型的做題技巧課前熱身：11例: (1) _(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat.（選自2017年青浦靜安長(zhǎng)寧寶山聯(lián)考二模）解析：此題的正確答案為being。句中無(wú)連接詞，后半句已有謂語(yǔ)taught，斷定為非謂語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為my husband

2、，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為“作為這片土地的使者和一位獵人”。22例: I am so thankful and proud (2) _(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.（選自2017年青浦靜安長(zhǎng)寧寶山聯(lián)考二模）解析：此題的正確答案為to have been given。根據(jù)句中兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)連接詞確定此處為非謂語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)句式Sb be adj to do sth確定此處為不定式，其邏輯主語(yǔ)I,再者上下文確定為已經(jīng)被給予。33例:I

3、n addition to (3) _(add) to our provisions for the year, these excursions are (4)_ our family stories and recollections are shared the most.（選自2017年青浦靜安長(zhǎng)寧寶山聯(lián)考二模）解析：此題的正確答案為adding。In addition to是一個(gè)介詞詞組，后面要接賓語(yǔ)。思考：通過分析高考真題讓學(xué)生了解近年高考命題趨勢(shì)，做好備考。2018春考語(yǔ)法新題型Directions: After reading the passage below, fill i

4、n the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and

5、 Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) _ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) _ laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) _ (spend) all the hours before they were born, (24) _ _ I have those hours back, I can fo

6、cus on my own needs. I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about good choices? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) _ vigorously they grow without me. Do I miss them? Y

7、es. Both more and less than Id guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) _ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) _ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing come

8、s at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, Im sure you will figure it out.And yet, the spaces (28) _ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what Ive found. I now have

9、 the chance (29) _ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) _ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty. But overflowing

10、. Key: 21. do 22. less 23. had spent 24. now that 25. how26. in 27. To be/ Being 28. emptied 29. to see 30. where知識(shí)精講：1、 老外也有語(yǔ)法嗎？有！ 2、 安排！ 知識(shí)點(diǎn)一（高考中的老外說語(yǔ)法1）【知識(shí)梳理】語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)概述出題方式詞性考查考點(diǎn)分布備考之道設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)準(zhǔn)確判斷考點(diǎn)，并且熟練掌握比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則和特殊情況最高級(jí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)注各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的用法和常見考點(diǎn)如完成時(shí)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)合主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞用法，合理判斷不定式合理判斷非謂語(yǔ)類型；關(guān)注時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞分詞不設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞冠詞

11、定冠詞，不定冠詞準(zhǔn)確判斷語(yǔ)境是特指還是非特指介詞搭配及其他當(dāng)空格后的名詞在句中不是作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選填介詞；注意積累?？冀樵~代詞人稱物主代詞注意判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)（尤其是所缺成分）以及語(yǔ)境的呼應(yīng)不定代詞反身單詞it形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、指代上文事物情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的意義注意觀察語(yǔ)境中暗含的情感和態(tài)度連接詞定語(yǔ)從句熟練判斷各種復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握連接詞的特定用法名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句連詞并列句判斷上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系1閱讀/理解語(yǔ)篇的能力 2分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力3熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力 4單詞拼寫能力解題步驟：1. 通讀全文，了解大意既然是利用語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考語(yǔ)法，那么，我們?cè)诮忸}前就應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文

12、，了解全文大意。2. 分析語(yǔ)境，試填空格讀懂短文后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定語(yǔ)境及解題思路去填空。3. 對(duì)照考點(diǎn)，解決難題在解題過程中要先易后難。在做好有把握的題后，對(duì)照各考點(diǎn)及題數(shù)，仔細(xì)推敲，解決難題。4. 通讀全文，確保無(wú)誤。【例題精講】例1.語(yǔ)法新題型外刊改編系列01The Economist(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人)-Mistakes are the engine of languages evolutionChildren will not only inherit the world, but shape it. And in their linguistic mistakes, their pa

13、rents can get a sense of how.Take the child collecting different kinds of animals in a video game: “I got a new specie!” he cries. The source of the mistake is obvious. The child (1)_ have heard the word “species” and assumed it was the plural of something called a specie. This type of mistakes happ

14、ens among their parents too. Some survive (2)_ they displace an old form and become the new standard. Pea is another example. People ate a mass of boiled beans called pease and misanalysed it as a plural, and that is (3)_ the new singular pea was born.Foreign borrowings are also a source of error-in

15、duced (錯(cuò)誤引起的) change. The French la munition (4)_ (misunderstand) as lammunition, giving rise to the English word. English speakers are not the only people who do this kind of thing, (5)_ is French the only victim. It is (6)_ _ English had swallowed la munition whole as “l(fā)amunition”; A chef de cuisi

16、ne, originally adopted from French, was boss of the kitchen. But the English eventually took a chef to be a cook.The examples above are instructive. This isnt so much a word born of a single clear-cut mistake, as one that emerged from a gradual transformation.Every word (7)_ (change) a little bit al

17、l the time. Some changes were systematic: all words with the same vowel gradually (8)_ (pronounce) with a different one. (9)_ have affected just one word at a time, and so tend to be too subtle to catch the eye. The naprons of the world are notable, then, not because they are exceptions, but because

18、 they are instances of a common phenomenon (10)_ happened apparently enough to make a tidy example. In other words, like any living language, it is “error” all the way down.【答案】1.must-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.until-連詞之時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞3.how-連詞之表語(yǔ)從句連詞4.was misunderstood/is misunderstood-謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)5.nor-連詞之并列句連詞6.as if-連詞之表語(yǔ)從句連詞7.is

19、 changing-謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)8.were pronounced-謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之被動(dòng)式9.Others-代詞10.that/which-連詞之定語(yǔ)從句連詞【課堂練習(xí)】語(yǔ)法新題型外刊改編系列02時(shí)代周刊(Time)-Attacks on Ebola centers in Congo raise fears that the .After a series of attacks on Ebola treatment facilities at the center of an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, medical charity

20、Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) suspended operations in the area on Feb. 28. With 894 cases and 561 deaths (1)_ the outbreak was declared in August, the epidemic is the second (2)_ (large) on record. In the wake of the attacks, the highly infectious virus is likely to spread.Difficult decisionAfter one

21、 clinic was burnt on Feb. 24, dozens of armed men flooded (3)_ on Feb. 27, shooting upsanitation(衛(wèi)生) facilities and setting more fires. At least one person was killed, and the conditions of several patients who (4)_(flee) into the forestsome of whom could be infectiousare unknown. MSFs decision to w

22、ithdraw was not an easy one for the organization, which was key in ending 2014s West African outbreak. But its field emergencycoordinator(協(xié)調(diào)員), Emmanuel Massart, told NPR the attacks left him little choice:“When I send my teams, I need to be sure that they are going to come back alive.”The trust pro

23、blemUrgently (5)_(put) into effect an Ebola treatment program can come at the expense of community education. Ebolas initial symptoms resemble those of diseases like malaria, (6)_ the newly infected rarely seek help. Most are unaware that patients should be isolated and (7)_ the dead, still teeming

24、with the virus, shouldnt be buried in the traditional way. Combine ignorance and fear with eastern Congos worsening guerrilla war and a suspicion of strangers, and violence can erupt. Massart has said that, when recalling, MSF (8)_ have engaged more with locals from the start.Containing the spreadHe

25、alth officials are calling on the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency (9)_ international concern, which would mobilize international aid. But such a declaration often sparks travel restrictions that can cut off vital supply routes and prevent health experts from coming in.

26、 (10)_ MSF has discovered, progress in defeating Ebola often means taking a step backward for every two steps forward.【答案】1. since/after-連詞之時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞2. largest-形容詞最高級(jí)3. another-代詞4. fled/had fled-謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式/現(xiàn)在完成式5. putting-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)名詞6. so-連詞之并列句連詞7. that-連詞之賓語(yǔ)從句連詞8. should/could-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞9. of-介詞10. As-連詞之定語(yǔ)從

27、句連詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)二（高考中的老外說語(yǔ)法2）【知識(shí)梳理】1 非謂語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)解析：非謂語(yǔ)的考察主要是非謂語(yǔ)的判定和非謂語(yǔ)的用法。答題策略：1）非謂語(yǔ)的判定方法與步驟：1.找出該句中已有的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞個(gè)數(shù)。2.找出該句中已存在的連接詞個(gè)數(shù)。3.根據(jù)一個(gè)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的個(gè)數(shù)=連接詞的個(gè)數(shù) 1,來(lái)判定該動(dòng)詞是填謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。*注意a.以一個(gè)完整的句子為界b.一定要是連接句子的連接詞，連接其他的不算c.注意連接詞省略的兩種情況：賓語(yǔ)從句中的that;定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)；另一個(gè)特殊的the way引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，the way是一個(gè)連接詞。2）非謂語(yǔ)三種形式的判定技巧：1.判定為非謂語(yǔ)之后，找到該非謂語(yǔ)的邏

28、輯主語(yǔ)。2.判定邏輯主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3.根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的具體用法來(lái)確定最終形態(tài)。二不設(shè)關(guān)鍵詞：考查冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連詞的用法（情冠連介代）。冠詞：考查定冠詞和不定冠詞，備考方法：準(zhǔn)確判斷語(yǔ)境是特指還是非特指。介詞：考查搭配及具體語(yǔ)境的用法，備考方法：熟練掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。代詞：考查人稱物主代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞，備考方法：注意判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)（尤其是所缺成分）以及語(yǔ)境的呼應(yīng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：考查各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，備考方法：注意觀察語(yǔ)境中暗含的情感和態(tài)度。連詞：考查并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法，備考方法：判斷上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系或熟練判斷各種復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握連詞的特

29、定用法?！纠}精講】語(yǔ)法新題型外刊改編系列03New Scientist(新科學(xué)家)-Our failure to kick .Maja Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact. (1)_ when she became a mother and startedhanging out withother parents, she didntbring it up, even (2)_ the conversation turned to flying. It would have

30、spoiledthe mood.Then in April 2018, her home country of Sweden introduced a tax on aviation. The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed. Rosenseizedthe moment. With her neighbour Lotta Hammar, she launched a campaign called “We stay on the ground”, (3)_ he persuaded

31、10,000 people tocommitto avoid flights in 2019.Kudos. But heres thehard truth:in the grand scheme of things, barely (4)_ willfollowsuit. The chattering classes tend to have a lot to say about the ecomerits(優(yōu)點(diǎn)) ofavoidingmeat, cycling and eatinglocally sourcedfood. But that morality generally (5)_(di

32、sappear) when it comes to flying.We cant rely on international agreements to restrict aviation emissions either. Yes, the UN hassealed a deal(6)_ (cap) aviation emissions beyond 2020. But itlacks real bite, (7)_(allow) airlines to continue emitting carbonprovidedtheyoffset(抵消) it.All this means we c

33、ould really do (8)_ green techriding to therescue. Here, at least, there is a little good news. Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in (9)_(straight) lines couldfeasiblycut carbon emissions. Hybrid electric aircraft are alsoin the pipeline. And we already know that planes can mix

34、up to 50 per cent biofuels into their tanks and fly safely.Its time toredoubleour efforts to make planes green. In the meantime, (10)_ you are still looking for a New Years resolution, you might want to think about joining those 10,000 Swedes.【答案】1. But-連詞之并列句連詞2. when-連詞之時(shí)間狀從連詞3. where-連詞之定語(yǔ)從句連詞(在定

35、語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。注意先行詞)4. anyone/anybody-代詞之不定代詞5. will disappear-謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)6. to cap-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之不定式7. allowing-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之現(xiàn)在分詞8. with-介詞9. straighter-形容詞比較級(jí)10. if-連詞之條件狀從連詞【課堂練習(xí)】1.練習(xí)之關(guān)聯(lián)詞：（根據(jù)高三一模改編）(1)_you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, hows this :people(2)_maintain an “atti

36、tude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who dont, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street journal.The WSJ”s Melinda Beck reports than adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who d

37、o not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University -the results of(3)_are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies-finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Fr

38、oth, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,035 students aged from 14 to 19 and found(4)_grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and mo

39、re materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students lives overall than materialism.(5)_the majority of the research suggests is(6)_gratitude should be chronic in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology

40、at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key

41、is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record(7)_you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “ my friends, my school, my dog” day after day

42、means that “ gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froth says. Writing “my dog licked my face(8)_I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in changing(9)_you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and youll start seeing them.Studies show (10)_ using negative, insulting wo

43、rdseven as you talk to yourselfcan darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.Keys: If, who, which, that, What, that, whatever, when, how

44、, that Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand(1)_ people have predispositions（易患某病傾向）to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge(2)_ or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic sc

45、reenings to determine(3)_a childs genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases(4)_affect human beings.The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towar

46、ds diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes（中風(fēng)）.(5)_with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the n

47、ear future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.Many people,(6)_, are unwilling to accept the possibil

48、ities genetic research. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is (7)_they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is(8)_ many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for (9

49、)_there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well-known o

50、pponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not play God He asks, Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done? He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same(10) _parents select the tra

51、its of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients permission. Most people would agree tha

52、t ones health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilitie

53、s for discrimination are obvious.Keys：why，whether，what，that，But，however，because，that，which，if2. 練習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：真題解析1）I was lost for adequate words (1) _ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (2) _ (collect) o

54、ver a lifetime. （選自2017年松江二模）解析:to describe; collected.句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，無(wú)連接詞，為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，故而describe在句中充當(dāng)words的后置定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，用語(yǔ)言去描述這種感覺，collect也做為一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)修飾memories，他們之間應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2） But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after _ (rescue) from situations of

55、 ill-treatment and abandonment. （選自2017年松江二模）解析：being rescued。after是介詞，介詞之后用doing的形式，其次根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該為被拯救，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3) A neighbor _ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him. （選自2017年松江二模）解析：walking。非謂語(yǔ)做的后置定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為neighbor，為主動(dòng)。4) But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures _ (pos

56、t) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world. （選自2017年黃浦二模）解析：posted 。have sth done其邏輯主語(yǔ)為pictures，被動(dòng)。5) Firstly, it will be difficult (1)_ (impose). “When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, were going to have to be like paparazzi police, sayi

57、ng, please dont put these on Facebook. And secondly, the child might dislike (2)_ (not own) an online presence, especially if all of their friends do. （選自2017年黃浦二模）解析：to impose not owning。1空為固定句型 it is adj to do sth. 2空也為固定用法，表示長(zhǎng)久的喜好或厭惡，dislike doing sth6) An effective team leader will promote a hig

58、h level of spirit and make them feel _(value).（選自2017年嘉定二模）解析：valued。feel做了謂語(yǔ)，此處valued相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該為“讓他們感覺到被珍視”7)Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels _ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.（選自2017年虹口二模）解析：considered

59、。非謂語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾levels，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為levels，應(yīng)為被動(dòng)。8) Having the story documented in this way helps keep this tradition _(recognize) in our history. （選自2017年金山二模）解析：recognized。help做了謂語(yǔ)，句中無(wú)連接詞，所以此處為非謂語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為tradition,應(yīng)為被動(dòng)。當(dāng)堂一測(cè)：語(yǔ)法新題型外刊改編系列04 The Ice Man to the RescueCruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, could

60、nt agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out. So on a chilly January evening last year, the two friendsventured(冒險(xiǎn)) onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, Illinois, (1)_ (get) a better look. First they cast a rock onto the ice to test it, th