現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞 have /has +過(guò)去分詞，這里的 have /has 是助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有什么具體 意義。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞用 has, 其余人稱一律用 have?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，只需在助動(dòng)詞 have /has 后面加 not 就行。 have not, has not 的縮略式分別為 haven，t , hasn ，to 另外, 肯定句中有 some, already 時(shí)，改為否定時(shí)要分別改成 any, yet 。1） I havent finished my homework yet.我還沒(méi)有完成我的作業(yè)。2） She hasn ，t tra

2、velled on a train. 她沒(méi)有坐火車旅行過(guò)。一般疑問(wèn)式把陳述句中的 have 或 has 放到句首，句末打問(wèn)號(hào)，同時(shí)把句中 的 some , already 改為 any , yet 就構(gòu)成了一般疑問(wèn)句1）一 Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾經(jīng)做過(guò)餃子嗎？Yes ,I have .No, I haven t.二、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造 成的 影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí) , 常與時(shí)間副詞 already （已經(jīng) ） ,yet （還、已經(jīng)） , just （剛剛、僅 僅） ,ever （曾經(jīng)） ,

3、never （從不）, before （以前）等連用。這兒個(gè) 副詞的用法如下：already 意為“已經(jīng)”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過(guò)去分 詞之 前，也可以放在句末。實(shí)例：（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書(shū)中的內(nèi)容”。）yet 用在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中意為“還”，常放在句末。例： 1） 一 Has he found his watch yet?他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎 ?No, not yet. 不 , 還沒(méi)有。just 意為“剛剛”， 表示行為剛剛過(guò)去， 常放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。 實(shí) 例：He has just come back from s

4、chool. 他剛從學(xué)校回來(lái)。ever 意為“曾經(jīng)”， 用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中， 放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。 實(shí)例：l ） Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去過(guò)香港嗎？（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法二 2延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用法。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn) 在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 此時(shí)常與 “for +段時(shí)間或 “since+ 過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句 （從 句 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）以及 so far （到目前為止）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。for + 段時(shí)間 since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間1） T ve lived here since 1990.自從 1990 年以來(lái)我就住在這里。I 5 ve lived he

5、re for 13 years.It is 13 years since I began to live here.注意:在這類句子的肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，故不能與for (達(dá)到；累計(jì))或since (自從。到現(xiàn)在)引 出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。對(duì) for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用 How long1) 他入團(tuán)兩年了。 TOC o 1-5 h z 誤： He has joined the League for two years?正： He has been a League member for two years ?2) 我買這輛自行車

6、三年了。誤：I have bought this bike for three years?正:I have had this bike for three years?2) 部分短暫性動(dòng)詞與之對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：山7|F ?延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換arrive be here begin (start)be ondie be dead come back be back leavebe away (from) fall ill (sick, asleep)be ill (sick, asleep)get up-Abe up go out-be out finish-be over put

7、on wear或 beopen -be open join-be in 或 be a member of close -be closedgo to school be a student borrowkeep buy/gethavecome to f be in sit down f be seated marry f be married按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。1. He has already finished his homework? ( 改為否定句 )He finished his homework ?They have found the lost books alread

8、y.( 改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作否定回答) they the lost books ?No, they .Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.( 改為同義句 )Mr Wang English in this school since 1999.He hasn t left home for 3 days.( 同義句 )He home for 3 days.They have lived here since3 years ago.( 對(duì)劃線提問(wèn) )I already (see) the film. I_ (see) it last week ?Mrs? Li has been in hospital l ast week ? (since,for)I have