中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯-AMT變速器

1、 附 錄附錄 A電控機(jī)械式自動變速器（AMT）是在傳統(tǒng)的手動齒輪式變速器基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)而來的；它揉合了 AT（自動） 和 MT（手動）兩者優(yōu)點(diǎn)的機(jī)電液一體化自動變速器；AMT既具有液力自動變速器自動變速的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又保留了原手動變速器齒輪傳動的效率高、成本低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、易制造的長處。它揉合了二者優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是非常適合我國國情的機(jī)電液一體化自動變速器。它是在現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械變速器上進(jìn)行改造的，保留了絕大部分原總成部件，只改變其中手動操作系統(tǒng)的換檔桿部分，生產(chǎn)繼承性好，改造的投入費(fèi)用少，非常容易被生產(chǎn)廠家接受。它的缺點(diǎn)是非動力換檔，這可以通過電控軟件方面來得到一定彌補(bǔ)。在幾種自動變速器中，AMT的性價比最高。AMT

2、用先進(jìn)的電子技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)的手動變速器,不僅保留了原齒輪變速器效率高、低成本的長處,而且還具備了液力自動變速器采用自動換檔所帶來的全部優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它以特有的經(jīng)濟(jì)、方便、安全、舒適性而備受所有駕駛者的歡迎,成為各國開發(fā)的熱點(diǎn)。駕駛員通過加速踏板和操縱桿向電子控制單元（ECU）傳遞控制信號；電子控制單元采集發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器、車速傳感器等信號，時刻掌握著車輛的行駛狀態(tài)；電子控制單元（ECU）根據(jù)這些信號按存儲于其中的最佳程序，最佳換檔規(guī)律、離合器模糊控制規(guī)律、發(fā)動機(jī)供油自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)律等，對發(fā)動機(jī)供油、離合器的分離與結(jié)合、變速器換檔三者的動作與時序?qū)崿F(xiàn)最佳匹配。從而獲得優(yōu)良的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性與動力性能以及平穩(wěn)起步與

3、迅速換檔的能力，以達(dá)到駕駛員所期望的結(jié)果。AMT是對傳統(tǒng)干式離合器和手動齒輪變速器進(jìn)行電子控制實現(xiàn)自動換檔的新式變速器，其控制過程基本是模擬駕駛員的操作。控制單元(ECU)的輸入有：駕駛員的意圖-加速踏板、檔位選擇；汽車的工作狀態(tài)-發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、節(jié)氣門開度、車速等?？刂茊卧?ECU)根據(jù)換檔規(guī)律、離合器控制規(guī)律、發(fā)動機(jī)節(jié)氣門自適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)律產(chǎn)生的輸出，對節(jié)氣門開度、離合器、換檔操縱三者進(jìn)行綜合控制，有效配合。AMT由于繼承了齒輪傳動固有的傳動效率高、機(jī)構(gòu)緊湊、工作可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并可以實現(xiàn)手動和自動兩種模式選擇，因此有較強(qiáng)的可靠性和適應(yīng)性。一些專家認(rèn)為，它具有比 AT更大的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢。AMT在美國和歐洲

4、已實現(xiàn)了商品化。據(jù)預(yù)測，到 2008年，歐洲近 50%的 MT將被 AMT代，部分 AT市場也會被 AMT占據(jù)。近幾年重型汽車發(fā)動機(jī)功率 200350kW，輸出扭矩 9002200Nm，需要爬行檔 速比為 1017，要求檔位間隔小，速比階小于 30%，這就需要使用更多的檔位(816個前進(jìn)擋)，而且越來越多地采用副變速器的多檔位變速器。副變速器的采用和檔位數(shù)的增多，加大了駕駛員的操縱難度和勞動強(qiáng)度，變速器的故障率上升，手動機(jī)械式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)已不適應(yīng)當(dāng)今重型汽車的發(fā)展。我國從 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代初就開始了 AMT 技術(shù)的研究工作，并取得了一系列成果。在 AMT 技術(shù)理論上的研究與國際水平相當(dāng)，但在

5、產(chǎn)品化方面，與國外的差距較大。在 AMT 技術(shù)理論研究取得一系列成果后，目前國內(nèi)研究主要集中在提高系統(tǒng)可靠性、適應(yīng)性和降低成本上。北京理工大學(xué)正在與國內(nèi)幾家汽車公司和變速器生產(chǎn)廠家合作開發(fā) AMT 產(chǎn)品，這促進(jìn)了 AMT 技術(shù)商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。經(jīng)過 20 余年的探索和發(fā)展，我國對 AMT 技術(shù)的研究已經(jīng)逐步走向成熟，已具備了向商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化轉(zhuǎn)變的條件。推廣 AMT 系列化產(chǎn)品不僅符合我國國情，而且市場發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。歐洲最大的獨(dú)立汽車變速器供應(yīng)商 GETRAG 公司在我國進(jìn)行了廣泛的市場調(diào)查后也認(rèn)為，我國的重型汽車AMT 市場前景廣闊。 附錄 BElectronically controlled

6、automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) is in thetraditional manual transmission gear based on the improvement comes; it combines the AT(automatic) and MT (manual) the advantages of mechanical and electronic integrationbetween the two automatic transmission; AMT bothautomatic transmission with a hyd

7、raulicautomatic transmission advantage of retaining the original manual transmission, geartransmission, high efficiency, low cost, simple structure, easy manufacturing strengths.Itcombines the advantages of the two is very suitable for Chinas mechanical and electronicintegration automatic transmissi

8、on.It is now on the production of mechanical transmission,transformation, retaining most of the original assembly of components, changing only onemanual shift lever part of the operating system, the production of inheritance is good, lessthe cost of transformation of inputs, very easy to be produced

9、manufacturers to accept.Thedisadvantage non-power shift, which can be electronically controlled by a certain softwareto make up.In several automatic transmission, AMTs cost-effective.AMT with advanced electronic technology to transform traditional manualtransmission, gear transmission, not only reta

10、ined the original high efficiency, low-costadvantages, but also with a hydraulic automatic transmission with automatic shift all theadvantages brought about.Its special economic, convenience, safety, comfort and muchwelcomed by all drivers, as countries in the development of the hot spots.Driver thr

11、ough theaccelerator pedal and joystick to the electronic control unit (ECU) to pass control signals;electronic control unit acquisition engine speed sensors, speed sensors and other signals,always hold the state of the vehicle; electronic control unit (ECU) based on these signalsbystored in one of t

12、he best procedures, the best shift schedule, clutch fuzzy control law,rules and other adaptive engine oil, engine oil, the separation and combination of clutch,transmission shift action and timing to achieve the three mostgood match.To obtain goodfuel economy and dynamic performance and a smooth sta

13、rt with the ability to quickly shiftto achieve the desired results the driver.AMT is a traditional dry clutch and manual transmission, electronic control gear shiftof the new automatic transmission, the control process is basically a simulation of thedrivers operation. Control unit (ECU) of the inpu

14、t are: the drivers intentions - theaccelerator pedal, gear selection; car working condition - engine speed, throttle opening, vehicle speed and so on. Control unit (ECU) according to shift schedule, clutch control law,law of the engine throttle adaptive output generated on the throttle, clutch, gear

15、 shift controlmanipulation of the three comprehensive and effective cooperation.In recent years heavy vehicle engine power 200 350kW, the output torque of 900 2200N m, need to crawl stall speed ratio of 10 to 17, requires a small stall interval, theratio is less than 30% of the order, which need to

16、use more Stalls (8 to 16 forward gears),and more and more use of multi-gear transmission, auxiliary transmission. The use ofauxiliary transmission and increase the number of stalls, increasing the drivers manipulationof the difficulty and labor intensity, the failure rate of increase in transmission

17、, manualmechanical control mechanism is not suited to the development of todays heavy vehicles.Of the early 80s from the 20th century began AMT technology, research, and made aseries of achievements. Theoretical research in AMT technology and international level, butthe products are concerned, the l

18、arger the gap with foreign countries.Theoretical research in AMT technology made a series of results, currently mainlyfocused on improving system reliability, flexibility and lower costs. Beijing Institute ofTechnology is working with several domestic auto companies and manufacturers to developAMT transmission products, which promote the AMT technology commercialization andindustrialization. After 20 years of exploration and development, technology research inChina on the AMT has gradually become mature, already has the commercialization andindustrialization