高中英語必修二 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-過去分詞作定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 過去分詞作定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一、過去分詞作定語1.過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義通常及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)、完成或只強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.由我?guī)Т蟮乃哪莻€(gè)女兒已經(jīng)開始工作了。(及物動(dòng)詞短語；被動(dòng)、完成)The wind swept the fallen leaves.風(fēng)刮走了落葉。(不及物動(dòng)詞；完成)2.過去分詞作定語時(shí)的位置(1)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，常放在所修飾的詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語

2、時(shí)，常放在所修飾的詞后面，此時(shí)，它相當(dāng)于定語從句。(2)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。He told me that this was the wounded soldier.他告訴我這就是那個(gè)受傷的士兵。Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books(which is filled with books).靠近窗戶有一個(gè)裝滿書的書架。There has been nothing changed in London since

3、 I left it two years ago.自從我兩年前離開倫敦后，它就一直沒有什么變化。名師提醒(1)有些過去分詞，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等，習(xí)慣用作后置定語。the room left所剩的空間the people concerned有關(guān)人士(2)某些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，不可以單獨(dú)作前置定語，但可以與某些副詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞作前置定語。well-behaved children 規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的孩子a widely-traveled businessman 一個(gè)游歷廣泛的商人newly-arrived visitors 新來的參觀者3.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式

4、作定語的區(qū)別過去分詞done被動(dòng)關(guān)系、動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成used books用過的書cooked food熟食現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)關(guān)系、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行a sleeping child一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子being done被動(dòng)關(guān)系、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行the house being built正在建設(shè)的房子不定式to do主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生the guests to come即將到來的客人to be done被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生the problem to be solved有待于解決的問題二、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.過去分詞和賓語之間的關(guān)系及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語通常為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；少數(shù)不及

5、物動(dòng)詞(如fall，go，change等)的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)僅表示動(dòng)作的完成；seat，hide，dress等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)一般表示賓語的狀態(tài)，不表示被動(dòng)或完成。I had my watch repaired.我修理了我的手表。When she woke up, she found the world changed.她醒來后，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界變了個(gè)樣。When I came in, I found the boy hidden behind the door.我進(jìn)來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男孩藏在門后面。2.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的五種情況(1)過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep，leave等后面，構(gòu)

6、成“keep/leaven./pron.過去分詞”形式。With English words getting popular, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”.隨著英語單詞越來越流行，一部中國字典收集了239個(gè)，這讓公眾分成了相反的兩組：一組支持，另外一組反對(duì)。(2)用在表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成“have/get/maken./pron.過去分詞”形式。They are going

7、to have the entrance hall painted white.他們準(zhǔn)備讓人把門廳粉刷成白色。(表示“讓某事被別人做”。)He is trying to make himself understood.他在努力把自己的意思說清楚。(3)用在感官動(dòng)詞或表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面。如：see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice等，構(gòu)成“see/watch.n./pron.過去分詞”形式。She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她覺得心里輕松多了。The next morning people

8、found the outside world completely changed.第二天早上，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)外面的世界全變了。(4)用在表示愛憎、意愿等動(dòng)詞后面，如like，hate，want，wish等，構(gòu)成“l(fā)ike/hate.n./pron.過去分詞”形式。I wish the problem settled at the meeting.我希望這個(gè)問題在會(huì)議上被解決。(5)用在“with賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。With many brightly colored flowers planted around

9、it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.由于周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花，她的房子看上去就像一個(gè)漂亮的花園。鞏固內(nèi)化1請(qǐng)判斷下列句中加黑部分屬于哪種情況A.只表被動(dòng)B.只表完成C.既表被動(dòng)又表完成On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country._I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers._It carries articles written by

10、 foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries._BAC鞏固內(nèi)化2用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空The adobe dwellings (土坯房)_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.The witnesses _ (question) by the police just now gave very different des

11、criptions.I was the first Western TV reporter _ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.builtquestionedpermitted鞏固內(nèi)化3用分詞作定語補(bǔ)全句子Even though it is still in summer，_ on the ground.即使仍是夏天，地上有很多落葉。Nowadays there are a lot of man-made satellites _.如今在太空中有許許多多人

12、造衛(wèi)星在飛行。There are many problems _.有很多問題有待于解決。there are many fallen leavesflying in spaceto be settled鞏固內(nèi)化4選擇下列句中加黑部分之間的關(guān)系A(chǔ).表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系B.表示動(dòng)作完成C.表示賓語狀態(tài)She found the necklace gone on her way home._I found a girl seated in the corner, crying._I had the letter posted._BCA鞏固內(nèi)化5用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take) good care of at home.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _ (wash).Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ (amuse) with her stories.With the problem _ (solve