高中英語 Grammar3課件 新人教選修6

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣2021/8/11 星期三21. 英語動詞有三種語氣, 陳述語氣, 祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。2. 定義:用來表示說的話不是事實, 或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況, 而是一種愿望,建議, 假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。2021/8/11 星期三33. 在條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況, 故采用虛擬語氣。2021/8/11 星期三41) 真實條件句 真實條件句用于陳述語氣, 假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。2021/8/11 星期三52) 非真

2、實條件句非真實條件句用語虛擬語氣, 假設(shè)的情況不可能發(fā)生, 或者可能性很小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是就好了”; “如果, 就會”2021/8/11 星期三61. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.與現(xiàn)在事實相反2021/8/11 星期三73. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been the

3、re, it wouldnt have happened.與過去事實相反2021/8/11 星期三85. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.與將來事實相反2021/8/11 星期三93) The meaning of

4、the sentence of subjunctive mood. If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have told him about it. 含義: He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.2021/8/11 星期三10If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含義: He was ill and missed many lessons,

5、 so he did not make greater progress.2021/8/11 星期三11條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原)一. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。2021/8/11 星期三12二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在: 過

6、去時（were）過去: 過去完成時未來: would/could/might +V. should2021/8/11 星期三131. I wish I were a bird. (現(xiàn)在)2. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (過去)3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (將來)2021/8/11 星期三14I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain t

7、omorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2021/8/11 星期三152) wish to do 表達(dá)法 wish sb. / sth. to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2021/8/11 星期三162. would rather that現(xiàn)在:過去:未來:I would rather you paid me now.I would

8、rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時2021/8/11 星期三173. as if /though + Clause 現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時過去完成時She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三18They talked as i

9、f they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.2021/8/11 星期三194. Its (about/high) time +that過去時should +V.你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2021/8/11 星期三20我們該去睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go

10、 to bed. 2021/8/11 星期三215. 表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣。賓語從句中常見動詞: 一個堅持, 兩個命令, 三個建議, 四個要求。1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, desire2021/8/11 星期三22 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形, 或者將should省略。2021/8/11 星期三23我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a

11、rest.他堅決要求我到場。 He insisted that I (should) be present.2021/8/11 星期三24國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?They requested that we (should) send them to work there.2021/8/11 星期三25I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that h

12、e (should) be sent there.注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅持要某人做某事時”, 即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為”時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。2021/8/11 星期三261. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent2021/8/11 星期三273. He su

13、ggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas2021/8/11 星期三28以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句, 表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣, 從句中的動詞形式一樣。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire2021/8/11 星期三29Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that

14、 she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.2021/8/11 星期三306. without和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help,

15、I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.2021/8/11 星期三317. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us!要是我沒錯過火車就好了！ If only I hadnt missed

16、the train!2021/8/11 星期三328. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬, 即(should)+動詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.2021/8/11 星期三

17、339. 某些簡單句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!2021/8/11 星期三3410. need “不必做”和“本不該做” didnt need to do 表示: 過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。 neednt have done 表示: 過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。2021/8/11 星期三35約翰開車去車站接瑪麗, 所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to mee

18、t Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 2021/8/11 星期三36約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,沒有遇上John的車。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 2021/8/11 星期三37There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must n

19、ot hurry D. neednt have hurried典型例題2021/8/11 星期三38答案D。neednt have done. 意為“本不必”, 即已經(jīng)做了某事,而實際上不必要。mustnt have done 用法不正確, 對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnt have done, “不可能已經(jīng)”。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般現(xiàn)在時)2021/8/11 星期三39三. 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點: 1. 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致, 叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。2021/8/11

20、星期三40If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2021/8/11 星期三412. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should, were, had三個助動詞可以把if省略,并將這三個詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it wer

21、e not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2021/8/11 星期三42If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what sh

22、ould we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 2021/8/11 星期三433. 謂語動詞以should + have done 的形式出現(xiàn)的時候,表示過去應(yīng)該做而沒有做的事情, 從而表示一種責(zé)備的語氣。e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.2021/8/11 星期三4

23、4注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中, 動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用 were, 不用was, 即在從句中be用were代替。2021/8/11 星期三45If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你, 就會去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒, 一切都會好的。2021/8/11 星期三46_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I典型例題20

24、21/8/11 星期三47答案C. 注意: 在虛擬條件狀語從句中, 省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 Werent I to do.2021/8/11 星期三48Exercises I 1. You _ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?

25、” “ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. haveD. will2021/8/11 星期三493. Here is some money in case you _ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need4. He demanded that the classroom _ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned2021/8/11 星期三505. But for your care

26、lessness, we _. A. should have succeeded B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded2021/8/11 星期三516. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken7. Janes face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested

27、that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has2021/8/11 星期三528. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been9. I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended C. have attended

28、 D. could have attended2021/8/11 星期三5310. My suggestion is that we _ the sports met. A. would put off B. should put off C. putted off D. be put off11. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be made D. was made2021/8/11 星期三5412. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. to come C. came D. will come13. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished2021/8/11 星期三55II. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充