語法課 詳細(xì)版課件

1、語法課堂主要內(nèi)容下一頁 一般將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)上一頁上一頁一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 一 、一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成: shall (第一人稱) will（第二、三人稱）注意：美語中不管什么人稱一律用will, 在口語中 所有人稱都可以用will，但在第一人稱的疑問句 中經(jīng)常用shall. eg: What shall we do then ? What time shall we leave?主菜單上一頁下一頁+ 動(dòng)詞原形 一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)的肯定、否定和疑問式：人稱肯定式否定式疑問式第一人稱I will work.I will not work.Shall I work?第二人稱You will

2、work.You will not work.Will you work?第三人稱He will work.He will not work.Will he work?主菜單上一頁下一頁 一般將來時(shí) 二、一般將來時(shí)的基本用法： 表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語注連用。eg: Next month my sister will be twenty. Ill send you the book as soon as possible, I promise you. 主菜單上一頁下一頁A 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來的時(shí)間狀語 常用的表示將來的時(shí)間狀語有： tomorrow,

3、 tomorrow morning, tomorrow afternoon, tomorrow evening, next week, next month, next year, in two days, soon, the day after tomorrow等等。主菜單上一頁下一頁 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作eg: Ill come and see you every Sunday next year. We shall come and work in this factory every year.主菜單上一頁下一頁B 一般將來時(shí) 問對方是否愿意或表示客氣的 邀請.

4、eg: Will you please sign your name here? Ill be glad to help you.主菜單上一頁下一頁C 一般將來時(shí) 用于帶有條件狀語從句的主句 中表示將來時(shí)間.eg: If you work hard, youll succeed. If you go on foot, you will not be able to get there on time.主菜單上一頁下一頁D 一般將來時(shí) 三、一般將來時(shí)的其他表示方法 (一)、be going to +動(dòng)詞原形:表示將來 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to d

5、o tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.主菜單上一頁下一頁 一般將來時(shí) （二）、be +不定式： 表示安排、命令或預(yù)定要做的事情。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. We are to be back nine oclock. You are to finish the work buy supper tim

6、e.主菜單上一頁下一頁 一般將來時(shí) (三)、be about to do：表示“即將做某 事”或“將要做某事” eg: He is about to leave for Beijing. I was about to start out when it began to snow.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。主菜單上一頁下一頁一般將來時(shí)練習(xí)一）、 單選1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D

7、 Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for r C on D in 4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D areBBDD5 He will have a holiday

8、 as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is goi

9、ng to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to beAACC（二）、 填空1 -“I need some paper.” - “I _ (bring)some for you.”2_(be)you free tomorrow?3 They _(not leave) until you come back.4 _we_(go) to the party together this after

10、noon?5 They want to know when the meeting _（will)start.Will bring Arewont leaveShallgowill 6 I _(go) with you if I have time.7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in th

11、e party.will gowill bearegoing to dowilldowont take三、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have答案：A解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來時(shí)。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，

12、是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的.四、 be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to例：Im going _(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)A to will go B to go to C go to D to go答案：B解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時(shí)，be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，所以先確定用to go , 在B、 D當(dāng)中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粋€(gè)to而省略，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，需要注意。 另外，在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中，若主句用了將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)五、 一般將來時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的比較練習(xí)1. 一 T

13、here_ an eraser under the desk .Is it yours?No.mine is here.A. is B.has C.was D.are2.一Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? 一No,I donot,but my twin brother _.He is very fond of cooking.A.does B.do C.is D.are 3.一What did you do last night? 一I _cards with my friends.A.play B.played C.plays D.wa

14、s playing4.Bob asked me whether I _ the book the next day.A.had read B.shall read C.would read D.has readAAB C上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系have been 與have gone 比較與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁下一頁助動(dòng)詞have (has）+ 過去分詞不規(guī)則過去分詞的構(gòu)成 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcostreadrea

15、dreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeaten上一頁下一頁ABBAAA ABC主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法一.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。上一頁下一頁Someone has just turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了。) I have already finished my homework.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。)主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法二.表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開

16、始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或事情,但動(dòng)作或事可能仍在繼續(xù)。上一頁下一頁 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看從上次見到那地方以來它發(fā)生了多大變化。I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。主菜單三.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.上一頁下一頁Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去過頤和園嗎?) I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。)現(xiàn)在完

17、成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還常與句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 連用。上一頁下一頁This is the first time he has driven a car .這是他第一次開車。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單五.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和最高級連用表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的。上一頁下一頁What a boring film！一部多么令人厭煩的電影啊！Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.這是我看過的最令人厭煩的電影。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用，如:alread

18、y, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前為止”所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.還可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)(到說話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束)的,表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等.上一頁下一頁主菜單一、since短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng) 作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 Mr. Smith has worke

19、d here since 1984. （1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.（他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。）上一頁下一頁主菜單二、for短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，for的賓語為時(shí)間段。 We have known each other for twenty years. （我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久沒有見到她了。）上一頁下一頁主菜單三、just, lately, recently是

20、完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。The train has just arrived. （火車剛到。）Did you see Joan just now? （你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Have you heard from your family lately/recently? （你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）上一頁下一頁主菜單四、in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語；in the past意思是“在過去”，常作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Great changes have taken p

21、lace in my hometown in the past few years.（過去幾年來，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。）Where did you work in the past? （你過去在哪里工作？）上一頁下一頁主菜單五、even since then與from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，后者常用作一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Shes lived here ever since then. （打那以后，她一直住在這。）I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. （打那以后，我就沒有吉

22、姆的消息。）上一頁下一頁主菜單 六、before泛指“以前”時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；ago表示“現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前”，是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。Ive never been to Japan before. （我以前沒去過日本。）She went to Japan a year ago. （她一年前去了日本。）上一頁下一頁主菜單七、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見于疑問句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來沒有”，表示全部否定?！癏ave you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.”（“你曾經(jīng)看過這部影

23、片嗎？” “沒有， 從來沒看過。”）Nobody in our class has ever been there. （我們班沒有人去過那。）上一頁下一頁主菜單八、already和yet常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有“已經(jīng)”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑問句中。yet在否定句中有“還”之意?！癏as the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽車開走了嗎？” “是的，已經(jīng)開走了?！?“不，還沒有開走。 ”上一頁下一頁主菜單九、so far(到目前為止)， these days(這些天) 也

24、是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的時(shí)間狀語。 So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.（到目前為止， 還沒有人到月球以外旅行。） What have you done these days? （這些天來，你做了什么事？）上一頁下一頁主菜單十、now, today, this morning, this year等有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中， 以表示到說話時(shí)這一時(shí)間尚未結(jié)束。 I have learned how to swim now. （我現(xiàn)在終于學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣游泳。） Have you seen Han Meimei this morning? （你今

25、天上午看到韓梅梅了嗎？）上一頁下一頁主菜單短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等或短語“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語）”來 代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單 become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive

26、, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill), finish be over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）, leavebe away(from), marrybe married等；下一頁上一頁主菜單也可以仍用原短暫性動(dòng)詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過去時(shí)）”或用“一般過去時(shí)+ ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表述延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)。 上一頁下一頁主菜單他入黨五年了。He has been in the Party for fi

27、ve years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .電影開始五分鐘了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.下一頁上一頁主菜單 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：I havent bought the

28、 bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁下一頁主菜單 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/sin

29、ce 10 years ago.WW下一頁上一頁主菜單 3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單

30、have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to a place 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。上一頁下一頁主菜單 Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Na

31、njing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，意為：“He bought an

32、 English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。主菜單二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí): 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但since(自以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since

33、 he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜單三常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天),the other day (前兩天),just now(剛才)，時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單四常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的表示到現(xiàn)在為止這段時(shí)間的詞短語或從句: 上一頁下一頁so far (到現(xiàn)在為止)，hither to (到如今) up to (till,unt

34、il)now直到現(xiàn)在，lately（最近）yet ,since+過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句。eg：The weather has been hot so far this summer . I havent seen her yet .主菜單可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，也可與一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語： for +時(shí)間 ，this +時(shí)間,表示不確定時(shí)間：ever,never,before, just,recently,already上一頁下一頁主菜單上一頁下一頁eg: 1.I have learnt English for three years. 2.I learnt English for th

35、ree years.3.I have written two letters this morning .4.I wrote two letters this morning .主菜單上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries