2020年高考英語語法代詞考點突破課件(30張)

1、2020年高考英語語法代詞考點突破課件(30張)2020年高考英語語法代詞考點突破課件(30張)代詞代詞一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞形式數(shù)、格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit一、人稱代詞數(shù)、格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imewe用法例句人稱代詞的主格作主語;人稱代詞的賓格可作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,也可作表語He would drown his sadness in coffee.(主格作主語)Thank you for your letter.(賓格作及物動詞的賓語)I bought a

2、present for him.(賓格作介詞的賓語)Hi, its me.(賓格作表語)在沒有謂語動詞的句子中,人稱代詞常用賓格Glad to meet you.Me, too.2.人稱代詞用法題組訓(xùn)練用人稱代詞填空J(rèn)im,can you work this Sunday?Whyme?Ive been working for two weeks on end.On my desk is a photo that my father took ofmewhen I was a baby. 用法例句人稱代詞的主格作主語;人稱代詞的賓格可作及物動詞或介二、物主代詞1.物主代詞形式2.物主代詞用法我的

3、你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishers oursyourstheirs用法例句形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。置于名詞之前,作定語Is this your seat,sir?這是你的座位嗎,先生?名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,在句中作主語、表語、賓語This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.(作主語)這不是我的詞典。我的借給Lucy了。This camera is mine and that is yours.(作表語)這部照相機(jī)

4、是我的,那部是你的。Every person showed his ticket,and I showed mine too.(作賓語)每個人都出示了票,我也出示了我的。二、物主代詞2.物主代詞用法我的你的他的她的它的我題組訓(xùn)練用物主代詞填空Tom,my(I)bike is broken. Would you please lendyours(you)to me?Sorry.Mine(I)has been taken by Jack. You can ask him if you like.This is our room,andyours(you)is just across the hal

5、l.三、反身代詞1.反身代詞形式第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves題組訓(xùn)練用物主代詞填空三、反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱2.反身代詞的基本用法題組訓(xùn)練用反身代詞填空I dont believe you.Did you see ityourself?It is not his fault.I cutmyselfwith a knife.We should be independent of our parents.We should depend onourselves.2

6、.反身代詞的基本用法用法例句What.for?和What for?用于詢問原因和目的What did you put it into the soup for?你為什么把它放到湯里去?It would improve the taste.那會使湯的味道更好。Im going to the grocery store.我打算去食品雜貨店。What for?We still have enough food in the fridge.為什么?我們的冰箱里還有足夠的食物。What if.?表示假設(shè)、建議、征求意見或疑慮What if it rains while we are on the way

7、?要是我們在途中時下雨怎么辦?What do you mean(by.)?表示憤怒、不滿等情緒What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly?你關(guān)門這么大聲音是什么意思?What/How about.?用于征求對方意見、詢問對方的情況We need one more player.我們還需要一個隊員。What about Elaine?She is a very nice girl.Elaine怎么樣?她是個很不錯的姑娘。So what?那又怎么樣呢?(表示不感興趣或認(rèn)為不重要)He took the first place in the exa

8、m!他考試得了第一名!So what?那又怎么樣?Guess what?你猜怎么著?(用以引起他人的注意)Guess what?John got married to Alice.你猜怎么著?約翰和艾麗斯結(jié)婚了。四、疑問代詞what的習(xí)慣用法用法例句What.for?和What for?用于詢問原Like what?比如什么?I hope you will buy me a special gift for my birthday.我希望你為我買一份特殊的生日禮物。Like what?比如什么?注意what與下列黑體名詞的搭配。續(xù)表Like what?比如什么?I hope you wil五、

9、不定代詞1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)別Ive bought two books;you can have either.我買了兩本書,你要哪本都行。I am sorry I cant lend you any(money).對不起,我不能借給你錢。None of this money is mine. 這筆錢都不是我的。 詞義指代都任何一個都不兩個人或物botheitherneither三個或三個以上的人或物;不可數(shù)名詞allanynone五、不定代詞Ive bought two books;yo題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空He had lost his

10、 temper and his health in the war and never foundeitherof them again.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neithercontained any useful suggestions.2.one,another,the other,some,others,the others的區(qū)別 一個/一些另外一個/一些剩余的一個/一些單數(shù)oneanotherthe other復(fù)數(shù)someothersthe others 一本/一些書另外一本/一些

11、書剩余的一本/一些書單數(shù)one bookanother bookthe other book復(fù)數(shù)some booksother booksthe other books題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 一個/一些另外一個/一些剩余的一注意:(1)the other后通常加可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)),但不能加不可數(shù)名詞;短語the rest of(剩余的)后既可以加可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)),也可以加不可數(shù)名詞;else一般放在不定代詞或特殊疑問詞后。What else did you do last weekend?Oh,nothing else.上周末你還做什么了?哦,沒做什么別的事。(2)體會下列句子中黑

12、體詞的用法I have two books:one is English,and is French.注意:我有兩本書:一本是英語書,一本是法語書。He will stay here for days.他在這里還要待上3天。There are many books on the table:some are English;are French.桌子上有很多書。一些是英語書,剩下的是法語書。Hell be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.他的余生將在輪椅上度過。Would you please make it ?我有兩本書:一本是英語書,一本是

13、法語書。你能改天嗎?I saw him in London the other day/week/month.我那天/個星期/個月在倫敦見過他。He has no other close friends like John.他沒有別的像約翰那樣親密的朋友了。If this dictionary is not yours,who elses can it be?如果這本字典不是你的,會是誰的呢?題組訓(xùn)練用another或the other填空We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so lets haveanotherone this

14、month.He raised one arm and thenthe other.你能改天嗎?3.nobody/no one,nothing,none的區(qū)別如:How much money do you have?None.你有多少錢?一點兒也沒有。If I had some money,I would lend him some,but unfortunately,I have none.(none=not any money) 指代用來回答相當(dāng)于是否加of短語nobody/no one人whonot anyonenot anybody否nothing物whatnot anything否n

15、one人或物how manyhow muchnot a/an/any+名詞或no+名詞是3.nobody/no one,nothing,none的區(qū)如果我有錢的話,我就借給他一些了,但遺憾的是,我沒錢。I wished someone could help me,but there was no one at the moment.(no one=not anyone)我希望有人能幫我,但當(dāng)時沒有人。As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound.由于我們都睡著了,所以我們當(dāng)中沒人聽到那個聲音。題組訓(xùn)練用none,nobody/no one,nothi

16、ng填空Nobody/No onecan be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.Swimming is my favorite sport.There isnothinglike swimming as a means of keeping fit.如果我有錢的話,我就借給他一些了,但遺憾的是,我沒錢。Wow!Youve got so many clothes.Butnoneof them are in fashion now.I couldnt just stand by and donothing.4.many,muc

17、h,few,little,a few,a little的區(qū)別 多少復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念manyfew不可數(shù)名詞概念muchlittle 肯定否定復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念a fewfew不可數(shù)名詞概念a littlelittleWow!Youve got so many cloth注意:only a few=few;only a little=little;quite a few=many;quite a little=much。題組訓(xùn)練根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子Many(很多)people dont havemuch(很多)food.Many(很多)of the mistakes were just caused

18、by carelessness.Few(很少)people can live to be 100 years old.You have done verylittle(很少)for me.Come in and havea little(一點)whisky.She has written many books but Ive only reada few(少數(shù)).注意:only a few=few;only a littl不定代詞替代內(nèi)容例句onea/an+單數(shù)名詞We have various summer camps for your holi-day.You can choose one

19、(=a summer camp)based on your own interest.我們?yōu)槟募倨谔峁┝烁鞣N各樣的夏令營,您可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇一種。ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones(=presents)that I had never seen.張先生給了我很多珍貴的禮物,都是一些我從來沒見過的禮物。the onethe+單數(shù)名詞The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book)under the desk.書桌上的那本書比書桌下的那本書好。

20、the onesthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞The books on the desk are better than the ones/those(=the books)under the desk.書桌上的那些書比書桌下的那些書好。thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)thatthe+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)Little joy can equal that(=the joy)of a surprising ending when you read stories.幾乎沒有什么樂趣能比得上在閱讀故事時讀到一個出乎意料的結(jié)局時的樂趣。5.one,ones,the one,th

21、e ones,those,that的區(qū)別不定代詞替代內(nèi)容例句onea/an+單數(shù)名詞We have 題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空Im moving to the countryside, because the air there is much fresher thanthatin the city.Helping others is a habit,oneyou can learn even at an early age.6.含復(fù)合不定代詞的習(xí)慣用語He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名職員。He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名職員。H

22、e might be a scientist or something.他大概是科學(xué)家之類的人物。Your house is something like ours.你們的房子有點像我們的。題組訓(xùn)練用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空They get something like 97% renewals every year.他們每年大約有97%的用戶續(xù)訂。題組訓(xùn)練用anything,nothing填空Shes always trying to get something fornothing.They work very hard.They areanythingbut lazybones.The visit

23、 is boring.It isnothingbut a waste of time.They get something like 97% re全部肯定部分否定全部否定both當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中時neitherall(+名詞)none;not any(+名詞);no+名詞everybody/every one;everything;every+名詞no one/nobody;nothing7.全部肯定、部分否定和全部否定全部肯定部分否定全部否定both當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯Not all of them smoke.=All of them dont sm

24、oke.他們當(dāng)中不是所有的人都抽煙。All of the boys are clever,but none of them can work out this problem.這些男孩都很聰明,但他們當(dāng)中沒有一個能解出這道題。此外,not與總括性副詞如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。Such a thing cant be found everywhere.這種事并非到處可見。Not all of them smoke.=All of 六、it的用法1.it的指代用法用法例句指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Where is my dic

25、tionary?I left it right on the desk.我的字典在哪里?我就把它放在書桌上了。用以代替指示代詞this,thatWhats this?這是什么?Its a flag.是一面旗。指不知性別的嬰兒(baby)或身份不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知道對方是誰)The baby cried because it was hungry.這個嬰兒因饑餓而啼哭。Who is knocking at the door?It must be the milkman.誰在敲門?一定是送奶工。指時間、距離、價值、天氣、氣候或溫度It is nine oclock sharp now.現(xiàn)

26、在是9點整。It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工廠有很長一段路。it常用來代替不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作形式主語或形式賓語而將真正的主語或賓語后置Its not easy to learn a foreign language.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不容易。(代替不定式短語作形式主語)I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已經(jīng)講得很清楚了,任何人都不準(zhǔn)在這兒吸煙。(代替名詞性從句作形式賓語)六、it的用法用法例句指代上

27、文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Where is題組訓(xùn)練用it作形式主語或形式賓語補(bǔ)全下列句子我認(rèn)為我們開這個會是必要的。I thinkit(is)necessarythat we have the meeting.眾所周知,在世界上中國人口最多。It is well known thatChina has the largest population in the world.據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。It is said thatall of them have gone to the cinema.2.熟記下列有關(guān)it的固定結(jié)構(gòu)I take it that you dont agree with me.我的

28、理解是:你不同意我的見解。I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.題組訓(xùn)練用it作形式主語或形式賓語補(bǔ)全下列句子不得不用法語打電話,我感到很厭煩。I like it when she sings me a song.我喜歡她為我唱歌。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他總是遲到,我也沒辦法。I would appreciate it if you can help me.如果您能幫我,我將不勝感激。I dont mind it if you are late.如果你遲到,我不會介意的。

29、Please see to it that(make sure that)you bring enough money when you go out.不得不用法語打電話,我感到很厭煩。當(dāng)你出門時請確保帶夠錢。You can count on it that he is very smart.你就相信吧,他非常聰明。As someone puts it:Practice makes perfect.像某人所說的那樣:熟能生巧。You neednt go if you dont feel like it.你如果不愿意去,就不必去了。When it comes to football,he is more excited.一提到足球,他就更興奮了。當(dāng)你出門時請確保帶夠錢。分類用法例句陳述句It is/was/might be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。